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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Form And Function Of The Bulbus Arteriosus In Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares): Dynamic Properties, M. H. Braun, Richard Brill, J. M. Gosline, D. R. Jones
Form And Function Of The Bulbus Arteriosus In Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares): Dynamic Properties, M. H. Braun, Richard Brill, J. M. Gosline, D. R. Jones
VIMS Articles
The bulbus arteriosus of the teleost heart possesses a static inflation curve that is r-shaped over the in vivo pressure range. To examine the possible significance of this in living animals, we recorded arterial blood pressure from anaesthetized yellowfin tuna and utilized a video dimensional analyser to simultaneously record changes in bulbar diameter. By plotting the changes in pressure against the changes in diameter, it was possible to create dynamic pressure-diameter (P-D) loops as well as calculate the instantaneous volume changes within the bulbus. The dynamic P-D loops showed the same features exhibited by static inflation. When nearly empty, a …
Form And Function Of The Bulbus Arteriosus In Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares), Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus Obesus) And Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans): Static Properties, M H. Braun, Richard Brill, J M. Gosline, D R. Jones
Form And Function Of The Bulbus Arteriosus In Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares), Bigeye Tuna (Thunnus Obesus) And Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans): Static Properties, M H. Braun, Richard Brill, J M. Gosline, D R. Jones
VIMS Articles
The juxtaposition of heart and gills in teleost fish means that the Windkessel function characteristic of the whole mammalian arterial tree has to be subserved by the extremely short ventral aorta and bulbus arteriosus. Over the functional pressure range, arteries from blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) have J-shaped pressure-volume (P-V) loops, while bulbi from the same species have r-shaped P-V loops, with a steep initial rise followed by a compliant plateau phase. The steep initial rise in pressure is due to the geometry of the lumen. The interactions between radius, pressure and tension require a large …
Biodiversity Of Bear Seamount, New England Seamount Chain: Results Of Exploratory Trawling, Ja Moore, M Vecchione, R Gibbons, Jk Galbraith, M Turnipseed, M Southworth, E Watkins
Biodiversity Of Bear Seamount, New England Seamount Chain: Results Of Exploratory Trawling, Ja Moore, M Vecchione, R Gibbons, Jk Galbraith, M Turnipseed, M Southworth, E Watkins
VIMS Articles
Bear Seamount (39°55′N 67°30′W) is an extinct undersea volcano located inside the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone south of Georges Bank. The fauna associated with the seamount was little known until twenty trawl stations were made 2-7 December 2000, by the NOAA ship R/V Delaware II. The objective of the survey was to begin to document the biodiversity on and over the seamount, particularly of fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Representatives of most species were preserved as vouchers and for subsequent definitive identification. This report presents a description of the biodiversity. A total of at least 274 species were collected. Preliminary identifications …
A Novel Tag-Recovery Model With Two Size Classes For Estimating Fishing And Natural Mortality, With Implications For The Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus Edwardsii) In Tasmania, Australia, Rj Latour, Jm Hoenig, Da Hepworth, Sd Frusher
A Novel Tag-Recovery Model With Two Size Classes For Estimating Fishing And Natural Mortality, With Implications For The Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus Edwardsii) In Tasmania, Australia, Rj Latour, Jm Hoenig, Da Hepworth, Sd Frusher
VIMS Articles
Multi-year tag-recovery models can be used to derive estimates of age- and year-specific annual survival rates and year-specific instantaneous fishing and natural mortality rates. The latter, which are often of interest to fisheries managers, usually can only be estimated when the tag-reporting rate (lambda) and the short-term tag-induced mortality and tag-shedding rate (phi) are known a priori. We present a new multi-year tagging model that permits estimation of instantaneous mortality rates independently of philambda provided tagged animals from two adjacent size groups are released simultaneously. If the two size groups comprise animals just above and below the minimum harvestable size …
Influence Of Habitat On Diet And Distribution Of Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) In A Temperate Estuary, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann
Influence Of Habitat On Diet And Distribution Of Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) In A Temperate Estuary, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) are recreationally and commercially valuable finfish along the Atlantic seaboard of North America including the Chesapeake Bay estuary. Habitat use patterns for striped bass in relation to biogenic habitat types in Chesapeake Bay tributaries are poorly described although it is widely acknowledged that these piscivorous fishes use estuarine habitat for nursery and feeding grounds during development. Striped bass diet and distribution patterns were examined in relation to a gradient of biogenic habitats ranging from complex three-dimensional oyster reef through flat oyster bar to sand bottom habitat in the Piankatank River, Virginia. Striped bass were more abundant …
Spatial Dynamics And Value Of A Marine Protected Area And Corridor For The Blue Crab Spawning Stock In Chesapeake Bay, Rom Lipcius, Wt Stockhausen, Rochelle D. Seitz, Pj Geer
Spatial Dynamics And Value Of A Marine Protected Area And Corridor For The Blue Crab Spawning Stock In Chesapeake Bay, Rom Lipcius, Wt Stockhausen, Rochelle D. Seitz, Pj Geer
VIMS Articles
In lower Chesapeake Bay, a 172,235 ha marine protected area and corridor (MPAC) was recently established to protect blue crab adult females either en route to or at the spawning grounds during the reproductive period. The MPAC was justified due to a recent substantial decline in spawning stock biomass. It was situated in waters deeper than 10 in throughout the lower bay due to the high abundances of adult females in this zone, and it was an expansion of a historical spawning sanctuary near the bay mouth to include northward extensions (upper and lower MPACs). We examined spatial dynamics of …
Partitioning Loss Rates Of Early Juvenile Blue Crabs From Seagrass Habitats Into Mortality And Emigration, Ll Etherington, Db Eggleston, Wt Stockhausen
Partitioning Loss Rates Of Early Juvenile Blue Crabs From Seagrass Habitats Into Mortality And Emigration, Ll Etherington, Db Eggleston, Wt Stockhausen
VIMS Articles
Determining how post-settlement processes modify patterns of settlement is vital in understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of recruitment variability of species with open populations. Generally, either single components of post-settlement loss (mortality or emigration) are examined at a time, or else the total loss is examined without discrimination of mortality and emigration components. The role of mortality in the loss of early juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, has been addressed in a few studies; however, the relative contribution of emigration has received little attention. We conducted mark-recapture experiments to examine the relative contribution of mortality and emigration to total …
Summary Of Session: Ecology Of Early Benthic Juveniles, Rom Lipcius
Summary Of Session: Ecology Of Early Benthic Juveniles, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
The unifying theme of the presentations in the session on the ecology of early benthic juveniles reflected a general research thrust in marine ecology and a major emphasis in blue crab ecology, specifically that the roles of dispersal and mortality in determining habitat-specific distribution patterns of young juveniles remain largely unknown. As a consequence, presentations on the ecology of postlarvae and early benthic juveniles focused on four major processes—recruitment, predation, movements, and habitat relationships, with most of the presentations integrating two or more of these processes. Two of the presentations examined recruitment and habitat relationships of young juveniles (Spitzer et …
Potential Bottom-Up Control Of Blue Crab Distribution At Various Spatial Scales, Rochelle D. Seitz, R. Lipcius, Wt Stockhausen, Et Al
Potential Bottom-Up Control Of Blue Crab Distribution At Various Spatial Scales, Rochelle D. Seitz, R. Lipcius, Wt Stockhausen, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Top-down (i.e., predation), bottom-up (i.e., food availability), and physical factors may influence blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) distribution. To assess the role of bottom-up and physical process in blue crab distributions, we concurrently measured density of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), density of its principal prey, the Baltic clam (Macoma balthica), and physical characteristics in mud and sand habitats spanning various spatial scales (1-10 km and 10-50 km) in the York River, Chesapeake Bay. Clam and crab densities were intermediate in mud, low in downriver sand, and high in upriver sand. Clam and crab densities were not correlated in mud. whereas …
Simulated Effects Of Seagrass Loss And Restoration On Settlement And Recruitment Of Blue Crab Postlarvae And Juveniles In The York River, Chesapeake Bay, Wt Stockhausen, Rom Lipcius
Simulated Effects Of Seagrass Loss And Restoration On Settlement And Recruitment Of Blue Crab Postlarvae And Juveniles In The York River, Chesapeake Bay, Wt Stockhausen, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Seagrass meadows provide important settlement habitat, food and refuge for postlarvae and young juveniles of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. In the York River, Chesapeake Bay, area] cover and distribution of seagrass beds has declined historically. Beds which existed 12-25 km upriver from the mouth disappeared and have not recovered. A model for planktonic postlarval behavior, coupled with a 3-dimensional hydrodynamic transport model for the York River, was used to investigate potential effects of the decline in seagrass abundance, and hypothetical restoration, on blue crab settlement and recruitment to the benthos, both in seagrass and to unvegetated bottom. Effects of …
Evidence For Sperm Limitation In The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, Ah Hines, Pr Jivoff, Pj Bushmann, J Van Montfrans, Et Al
Evidence For Sperm Limitation In The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, Ah Hines, Pr Jivoff, Pj Bushmann, J Van Montfrans, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Reproductive success of female blue crabs may be limited by the amount of sperm received during the female's single, lifetime mating. Sperm must be stored in seminal receptacles until eggs are produced and fertilized months to years after mating. Further, intense fishing pressure impacts male abundance, male size and population sex ratio, which affect ejaculate quantity. We measured temporal variation in seminal receptacle contents in relation to brood production for two stocks differing in both fishing pressure on males and latitudinal effects on reproductive season: Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and Virginia, experienced intensive fishing and relatively short reproductive season; and the …
Abundance And Exploitation Rate Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) In Chesapeake Bay, Af Sharov, Jh Volstad, Gr Davis, Bk Davis, Rom Lipcius, Mm Montane
Abundance And Exploitation Rate Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) In Chesapeake Bay, Af Sharov, Jh Volstad, Gr Davis, Bk Davis, Rom Lipcius, Mm Montane
VIMS Articles
We estimated absolute abundance of the blue crab stock in Chesapeake Bay during winter from stratified random surveys conducted baywide from 1990 to 1999, using the swept-area method. We estimated catching efficiency of the survey gear from multiple depletion experiments to correct for temporal and vessel/area differences in catchability. The survey was conducted during the winter, when crabs are dormant and "buried" in the bottom. Analysis of crab carapace width (CW) frequency distributions revealed two size modes: CW less or equal 60 mm and CW greater than 60 mm, corresponding to age-0 (recruits) and age-1+ (one year and older), respectively. …
Bioenergetic Modeling Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) Using The Fish Bioenergetics (3.0) Computer Program, Bj Brylawski, Tj Miller
Bioenergetic Modeling Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) Using The Fish Bioenergetics (3.0) Computer Program, Bj Brylawski, Tj Miller
VIMS Articles
To understand better the ecology and growth dynamics of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). we developed a bioenergetic model based upon the Fish Bioenergetics 3.0 computer program. We summarized and analyzed existing data from published studies on the ecology and physiology of both blue crab and closely related species to parameterize the model. The respiration and excretion components were estimated directly from published studies. Parts of the consumption component were estimated indirectly. The resulting model was evaluated for applicability against known growth trajectories from field and laboratory studies. The model predicted observed growth and consumption to a first approximation. Inspection …
Salinity Tolerance Of Larval Rapana Venosa: Implications For Dispersal And Establishment Of An Invading Predatory Gastropod On The North American Atlantic Coast, Roger L. Mann, Juliana M. Harding
Salinity Tolerance Of Larval Rapana Venosa: Implications For Dispersal And Establishment Of An Invading Predatory Gastropod On The North American Atlantic Coast, Roger L. Mann, Juliana M. Harding
VIMS Articles
The lack of quantitative data on the environmental tolerances of the early life-history stages of invading species hinders estimation of their dispersal rates and establishment ranges in receptor environments. We present data on salinity tolerance for all stages of the ontogenetic larval development of the invading predatory gastropod Rapana venosa, and we propose that salinity tolerance is the dominant response controlling the potential dispersal ( = invasion) range of the species into the estuaries of the Atlantic coast of the United States from the current invading epicenter in the southern Chesapeake Bay. All larval stages exhibit 48-h tolerance to salinities …
A Review Of Published Work On Crassostrea Ariakensis, Mf Zhou, Standish K. Allen Jr.
A Review Of Published Work On Crassostrea Ariakensis, Mf Zhou, Standish K. Allen Jr.
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Diet Composition Of Large Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) In Chesapeake Bay, John F. Walter, Hebert M. Austin
Diet Composition Of Large Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) In Chesapeake Bay, John F. Walter, Hebert M. Austin
VIMS Articles
Large (>458 mm) striped bass (Morone saxatilis) are dominant predators in Chesapeake Bay. In recent years, the Chesapeake Bay stock of striped bass has increased dramatically, raising concerns about their predatory impact and their forage requirements. In response to these concerns and the need for more recent ecological studies, this investigation Was conducted to characterize feeding habits of large striped bass in Chesapeake Bay. Stomach contents from 1225 striped bass from 458 to 1151 mm TL were examined in the spring and fall of 1997 and 1998. Striped bass consumed 52 different species of vertebrates and invertebrates; however, only …
Use Of Pop-Up Satellite Archival Tags To Demonstrate Survival Of Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans) Released From Pelagic Longline Gear, David Kerstetter, Brian E. Luckhurst, Eric D. Prince, John Graves
Use Of Pop-Up Satellite Archival Tags To Demonstrate Survival Of Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans) Released From Pelagic Longline Gear, David Kerstetter, Brian E. Luckhurst, Eric D. Prince, John Graves
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
A Model For Assessing The Likelihood Of Self-Sustaining Populations Resulting From Commercial Production Of Triploid Suminoe Oysters (Crassostrea Ariakensis) In Chesapeake Bay, Jodi R. Dew, Jim Berkson, Eric Hallerman, Standish K. Allen Jr.
A Model For Assessing The Likelihood Of Self-Sustaining Populations Resulting From Commercial Production Of Triploid Suminoe Oysters (Crassostrea Ariakensis) In Chesapeake Bay, Jodi R. Dew, Jim Berkson, Eric Hallerman, Standish K. Allen Jr.
VIMS Articles
Culture of a non-native species, such as the Suminoe oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis), could offset the harvest of the declining native eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fishery in Chesapeake Bay. Because of possible ecological impacts from introducing a fertile non-native species, introduction of sterile triploid oysters has been proposed. However, recent data show that a small percentage of triploid individuals progressively revert toward diploidy, introducing the possibility that Suminoe oysters might establish self-sustaining populations. To assess the risk of Suminoe oyster populations becoming established in Chesapeake Bay, a demographic population model was developed. Parameters modeled were salinity, stocking density, reversion rate, reproductive …
Validation Of Presumed Annual Marks On Sectioned Otoliths Of Spotted Seatrout, Cynoscion Nebulosus, In The Chesapeake Bay Region, Tf Idhe, Me Chittenden
Validation Of Presumed Annual Marks On Sectioned Otoliths Of Spotted Seatrout, Cynoscion Nebulosus, In The Chesapeake Bay Region, Tf Idhe, Me Chittenden
VIMS Articles
Annual otolith incremnet deposition has not been validated for spotted seatrout populations north of Florida. To validate the marks on sectioned otoliths of Chesapeake Bay spotted seatrout, a size-stratified subsample (n = 683) was randomly selected from a total of 2763 fish collected from June 1996 to March 1999. Monthly marginal increment frequency plots and monthly frequency of 0 marginal increment plots showed that presumed annual marks-interpreted as the distal edge of the translucent margin-formed once a year, during March and April, thus validating the sectioned otolith method in spotted seatrout of ages 1-5 for the Chesapeake Bay region.
Monitoring The Prevalence Of The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Sp In Snow Crabs Chionoecetes Opilio From Conception Bay, Newfoundland, Gp Pestal, Dm Taylor, Jm Hoenig, Jeffrey D. Shields, R Pickavance
Monitoring The Prevalence Of The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Sp In Snow Crabs Chionoecetes Opilio From Conception Bay, Newfoundland, Gp Pestal, Dm Taylor, Jm Hoenig, Jeffrey D. Shields, R Pickavance
VIMS Articles
Bitter crab disease (BCD) of snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio is caused by a parasitic dinoflagellate, Hematodinium sp. In Newfoundland's commercial fishery, infected snow crabs are identified using visual, macroscopic signs of disease for separation prior to processing. We estimated the sensitivity and specificity of gross, macroscopic diagnosis of Hematodinium sp. by comparing these results with microscopic examination of prepared hemolymph smears. The sensitivity of a diagnostic test is the probability that the test will yield a positive result given that the animal has the disease. The specificity is the probability of a negative result given the animal is not diseased. …
Visual Acuity Of Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta): A Behavioral Approach, Soraya M. Bartol, Roger K. Mellgren, John A. Musick
Visual Acuity Of Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta): A Behavioral Approach, Soraya M. Bartol, Roger K. Mellgren, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
Studies focusing on the visual cues sea turtles use to orient between the nesting site and the sea indicate that sea turtles use diffuse images for orientation and are highly myopic on land. The visual environment encountered by sea turtles, however, is very different in water than on land. In this study, operant conditioning techniques were used to explore the visual acuity of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the marine environment. Turtles were trained, in a tank setting, to distinguish between a 45 mm striped panel and 50% gray panel by using squid as a food reward. Though …
Evaluation Of Real-Time Catch And Effort Reporting In The U.S. Ilex Illecebrosus Fishery, E R. Powell, A J. Bonner, Roger L. Mann, S E. Banta
Evaluation Of Real-Time Catch And Effort Reporting In The U.S. Ilex Illecebrosus Fishery, E R. Powell, A J. Bonner, Roger L. Mann, S E. Banta
VIMS Articles
The Illex illecebrosus fishery in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean is a trawl-based fishery. Illex illecebrosus normally lives less than one year, thus managing the fishery using a standard stock assessment approach is difficult. Real-time management is an attractive option. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and utility of data reported by commercial vessels for application in real-time management in the I. illecebrosus fishery. The assessment includes evaluating the frequency of erroneous reports, identifying the best measure of effort for catch per unit effort (CPUE) analysis, and examining the influence of vessel type and vessel behavior on …
Two Species Of Oyster Larvae Show Different Depth Distributions In A Shallow, Well-Mixed Estuary, P Baker
Two Species Of Oyster Larvae Show Different Depth Distributions In A Shallow, Well-Mixed Estuary, P Baker
VIMS Articles
The vertical distribution of late stage, or pediveliger, larvae of several bivalve mollusks was examined in a west Florida estuary. The study site was an artificial canal, and the water was shallow (1.5 in) and well mixed, with only modest currents. Pediveligers of three bivalve taxa were collected: the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica; the crested oyster Ostrea equestris; and unidentified shipworms (Teredinidae). Despite the shallow and well-mixed water column, larvae exhibited vertical zonation, with most larvae of all three species collected from lower in the water column. The larvae of C. virginica and shipworms showed no significant effect of time …
Reproductive Seasonality, Fecundity, And Spawning Frequency Of Tautog (Tautoga Onitis) In The Lower Chesapeake Bay And Coastal Waters Of Virginia, Geoffrey G. White, Thomas A. Munroe, Herbert M. Austin
Reproductive Seasonality, Fecundity, And Spawning Frequency Of Tautog (Tautoga Onitis) In The Lower Chesapeake Bay And Coastal Waters Of Virginia, Geoffrey G. White, Thomas A. Munroe, Herbert M. Austin
VIMS Articles
The tautog, Thutoga onitis (Linnaeus), ranges from Nova Scotia to South Carolina and has become a popular target for recreational and commercial fisheries. Although tautog are a multiple spawning species, reproductive potential, measured as annual fecundity, has not been estimated previously with methods (batch fecundity, spawning frequency) necessary for a species with indeterminate annual fecundity. A total of 960 tautog were collected from the mouth of the Rappahannock River in the lower Chesapeake Bay to 45 kin offshore of Virginia's coastline to investigate tautog reproductive biology in the southern portion of the species range. Tautog did not exhibit a 1:1 …
Investigation Of Congeneric Hybridization In And Stock Structure Of Weakfish (Cynoscion Regalis) Inferred From Analyses Of Nuclear And Mitochondrial Dna Loci, Jan F. Cordes, John Graves
Investigation Of Congeneric Hybridization In And Stock Structure Of Weakfish (Cynoscion Regalis) Inferred From Analyses Of Nuclear And Mitochondrial Dna Loci, Jan F. Cordes, John Graves
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Conceptual Progress Towards Predicting Quantitative Ecosystem Benefits Of Ecological Restorations, Ch Peterson, Rom Lipcius
Conceptual Progress Towards Predicting Quantitative Ecosystem Benefits Of Ecological Restorations, Ch Peterson, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Satisfying the needs of mitigation for losses of habitat and biological resources demands further development of ecological theory to improve quantitative predictions of benefits of ecological restoration projects. Several limitations now exist in scaling compensatory restoration to match losses of ecosystem services. Scaling of restoration projects has historically been done by area of habitat, assuming that function follows. One recent development in compensatory mitigation uses a currency of secondary production, which has the important merit of specifying one measurable, functional goal against which to judge success. Future development of the fundamental basis for restoration ecology might profitably include: (1) identifying …