Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Characterization Of A Rediscovered Haplosporidian Parasite From Cultured Penaeus Vannamei, Lm Nunam, Dv Lightner, Cr Pantoja, Na Stokes, Kimberly S. Reece
Characterization Of A Rediscovered Haplosporidian Parasite From Cultured Penaeus Vannamei, Lm Nunam, Dv Lightner, Cr Pantoja, Na Stokes, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Mortalities of Penaeus vannamei, cultured in ponds in Belize, Central America, began during the last part of the grow-out cycle during the cold weather months from September 2004 through February 2005. Tissue squashes of infected hepatopancreata and histological examination of infected shrimp revealed that the mortalities might have been caused by an endoparasite. To confirm the diagnosis, DNA was extracted from ethanol preserved hepatopancreata and the small-subunit rRNA gene was sequenced. The 1838 by sequence was novel and phylogenetic analysis placed the P. vannamei parasite within the phylum Haplosporidia as a sister taxon to a clade that includes Bonamia and …
Detection Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 In Caribbean Spiny Lobsters, Mm Montgomery-Fullerton, Ra Cooper, Km Kauffman, Jeffrey D. Shields, Re Raftlaff
Detection Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 In Caribbean Spiny Lobsters, Mm Montgomery-Fullerton, Ra Cooper, Km Kauffman, Jeffrey D. Shields, Re Raftlaff
VIMS Articles
Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) is a pathogenic virus that infects Caribbean spiny lobsters P. argus in the Florida Keys. We have developed a PCR detection assay for PaV1 for the purpose of studying the natural history of the virus and for monitoring the prevalence of infection. The detection of the virus in hemolymph and other tissues is based on the PCR amplification of a 499 bp product using specific primers designed from a cloned fragment of the PaV1 genome. The sensitivity limit for the assay was 1.2 fg of purified viral DNA. The PaV1 primers did not react with …
New Nemertean Worms (Carcinonemertidae) On Bythograeid Crabs (Decapoda : Brachyura) From Pacific Hydrothermal Vent Sites, Jeffrey D. Shields, M Segonzac
New Nemertean Worms (Carcinonemertidae) On Bythograeid Crabs (Decapoda : Brachyura) From Pacific Hydrothermal Vent Sites, Jeffrey D. Shields, M Segonzac
VIMS Articles
Several species of crabs from hydrothermal vent sites in the Pacific Ocean Were found to be infested by small, symbiotic nemertean worms. Worms occurred on both male and female crabs, and were located in mucous sheaths adhering to the axillae between the limbs of males and females, the setae of the pleopods of females, and the sterna of infested male and female crabs. Only juvenile and regressed adult worms were observed, primarily because no ovigerous hosts were examined. Similar species of worms mature by eating eggs, then regress or die after host eclosion. Based on the size of the worms …
Heat Shock Protein (Hsp70) Expression And Thermal Tolerance In Sublethally Heat-Shocked Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica Infected With The Parasite Perkinsus Marinus, Vg Encomio, Fle Chu
Heat Shock Protein (Hsp70) Expression And Thermal Tolerance In Sublethally Heat-Shocked Eastern Oysters Crassostrea Virginica Infected With The Parasite Perkinsus Marinus, Vg Encomio, Fle Chu
VIMS Articles
To investigate whether sublethal heat shock protects Perkinsus marinus (Dermo)infected oysters Crassostrea virginica from lethal heat stress, and the effects of P. marinus infection on sublethal heat shock response, oysters were first experimentally challenged with P. marinus. Then, when infections in oysters progressed to moderate levels (parasite burden = 10(4) to 10(5) cells g(-1) wet tissue weight), oysters were treated with a sublethal heat shock at 40 C for 1 h (heat shock + Dermo challenge). Other treatment groups included heat-shocked, unchallenged (non-P. marinus challenged) oysters and non-heat-shocked, P. marinus-challenged and -unchallenged oysters. Thermal tolerance was compared among these treatments …
Conservation In The First Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (Its1) In Hematodinium Species Infecting Crustacean Hosts Found In The Uk And Newfoundland, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ja Moss, Kimberly S. Reece
Conservation In The First Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (Its1) In Hematodinium Species Infecting Crustacean Hosts Found In The Uk And Newfoundland, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ja Moss, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Parasitic dinoflagellates in the genus Hematodinium infect a number of decapod crustaceans in waters off the UK, including the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus and the edible crab Cancerpagurus. This study investigated sequence variability in the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region of the ribosomal RNA complex of Hematodinium spp. infecting N. norvegicus, C. pagurus, and Pagurus bernhardus from 4 locations in the UK and from the Hematodinium sp. infecting Chionoecetes opilio from the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hema todinium ITS 1 sequences from N. norvegicus, C. pagurus, P. bernhardus and C. opilio suggest that …
A 28-Ka History Of Sea Surface Temperature, Primary Productivity And Planktonic Community Variability In The Western Arabian Sea, A Pourmand, F Marcantonio, Ts Bianchi, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Ej Waterson
A 28-Ka History Of Sea Surface Temperature, Primary Productivity And Planktonic Community Variability In The Western Arabian Sea, A Pourmand, F Marcantonio, Ts Bianchi, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Ej Waterson
VIMS Articles
Uranium series radionuclides and organic biomarkers, which represent major groups of planktonic organisms, were measured in western Arabian Sea sediments that span the past 28 ka. Variability in the past strength of the southwest and northeast monsoons and its influence on primary productivity, sea surface temperature (SST), and planktonic community structure were investigated. The average alkenone-derived SST for the last glacial period was similar to 3 degrees C lower than that measured for the Holocene. Prior to the deglacial, the lowest SSTs coincide with the highest measured fluxes of organic biomarkers, which represent primarily a planktonic suite of diatoms, coccolithophorids, …
Pathogens In Crassostrea Ariakensis And Other Asian Oyster Species: Implications For Non-Native Oyster Introduction To Chesapeake Bay, Ja Moss, Em Burreson, Jf Cordes, Cf Dungan, Gd Brown, A Wang, X Wu, Kimberly S. Reece
Pathogens In Crassostrea Ariakensis And Other Asian Oyster Species: Implications For Non-Native Oyster Introduction To Chesapeake Bay, Ja Moss, Em Burreson, Jf Cordes, Cf Dungan, Gd Brown, A Wang, X Wu, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
With the drastic decline of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica populations in the Chesapeake Bay due to over-fishing, diseases and habitat destruction, there is interest in Maryland and Virginia in utilizing the non-native oyster species Crassostrea ariakensis for aquaculture, fishery resource enhancement, and ecological restoration. The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) recommends that non-native species be examined for ecological, genetic and disease relationships in the native range prior to a deliberate introduction to a new region. Therefore, a pathogen survey of C. ariakensis and other sympatric oyster species was conducted on samples collected in the PR China, …
Effects Of Starvation On Aggregate Colonization And Motility Of Marine Bacteria, Em Yam, Kw Tang
Effects Of Starvation On Aggregate Colonization And Motility Of Marine Bacteria, Em Yam, Kw Tang
VIMS Articles
Fluxes of particulate matter to depth and dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the water column are influenced by microbial processes associated with organic aggregates like marine snow. These microscale processes include the encounter between bacteria and aggregates, which has been previously modeled and tested with well-fed and actively growing bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the effects of starvation on initial bacterial colonization of aggregates by measuring colonization and detachment of 6 isolates in different physiological states (fed vs. starved) using model aggregates. Because aggregate encounter depends on motility, the motility behaviors of fed and starved bacteria of …
Evolution Of Mycobacterium Ulcerans And Other Mycolactone-Producing Mycobacteria From A Common Mycobacterium Marinum Progenitor, Mj Yip, Jl Porter, Jam Fyfe, Cj Lavender, F Portaels, Mw Rhodes, Hi Kator, Et Al.
Evolution Of Mycobacterium Ulcerans And Other Mycolactone-Producing Mycobacteria From A Common Mycobacterium Marinum Progenitor, Mj Yip, Jl Porter, Jam Fyfe, Cj Lavender, F Portaels, Mw Rhodes, Hi Kator, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
It had been assumed that production of the cytotoxic polyketide mycolactone was strictly associated with Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer. However, a recent study has uncovered a broader distribution of mycolactone-producing mycobacteria (MPM) that includes mycobacteria cultured from diseased fish and frogs in the United States and from diseased fish in the Red and Mediterranean Seas. All of these mycobacteria contain versions of the M. ulcerans pMUM plasmid, produce mycolactones, and show a high degree of genetic relatedness to both M. ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum. Here, we show by multiple genetic methods, including multilocus sequence analysis and …
Epidemiological Determinants In Outbreaks Of Bitter Crab Disease (Hematodinium Sp.) In Snow Crabs Chionoecetes Opilio From Conception Bay, Newfoundland, Canada, Jeffrey D. Shields, Dm Taylor, Pg O'Keefe, E Colbourne, E Hynick
Epidemiological Determinants In Outbreaks Of Bitter Crab Disease (Hematodinium Sp.) In Snow Crabs Chionoecetes Opilio From Conception Bay, Newfoundland, Canada, Jeffrey D. Shields, Dm Taylor, Pg O'Keefe, E Colbourne, E Hynick
VIMS Articles
Bitter crab disease (BCD) is caused by Hematodinium sp., an endoparasitic dinoflagellate. It lives within the hemocoeloms of snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio and Tanner crabs C. bairdi, making them unmarketable due to their bitter flavor. Two recent outbreaks of BCD have occurred in Conception Bay, Newfoundland, one from 1999 to 2000 and another from 2003 to 2005. In the earlier outbreak, prevalence was highest in juvenile and primiparous females and juvenile males. It was thought to be highest in these hosts because they molt more frequently than larger males and the disease is transmitted to newly molted crabs. In the …
Experimental Cross-Infections By Perkinsus Marinus And P. Chesapeaki In Three Sympatric Species Of Chesapeake Bay Oysters And Clams, Cf Dungan, Kimberly S. Reece, Rm Hamilton, Na Stokes, Em Burreson
Experimental Cross-Infections By Perkinsus Marinus And P. Chesapeaki In Three Sympatric Species Of Chesapeake Bay Oysters And Clams, Cf Dungan, Kimberly S. Reece, Rm Hamilton, Na Stokes, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
In controlled laboratory transmission experiments, uniform doses of axenic in vitro isolate cultures of Perkinsus marinus from a Crassostrea virginica oyster, and of independent P. chesapeaki isolates from Chesapeake Bay Mya arenaria and Macoma balthica clams, were used to reciprocally challenge Perkinsus sp.-free C. virginica, M arenaria, and M balthica experimental hosts. Following mantle cavity inoculations, all 3 experimental hosts acquired high incidences (30 to 100 %) of infections by each of the 3 Perkinsus sp. isolates, based on PCR assays of DNAs from experimental host tissues that were collected through 60 d post-inoculation. Lesions containing proliferating pathogen cells were …