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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Effect Of R382w Mutation On Citrus Paradisi Flavonol Specific 3-O-Glucosyltransferase, Kathleen King
The Effect Of R382w Mutation On Citrus Paradisi Flavonol Specific 3-O-Glucosyltransferase, Kathleen King
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Flavonoids are a class of plant metabolites with C6-C3-C6 structure responsible for many biological functions, including coloration and defense. Citrus paradisi, grapefruit, contains a wide variety of flavonoids which are grouped by the extent of modification, examples of which are flavonols, flavones, and flavanones. A major modification is the addition of glucose by glucosyltransferases (GTs) to stabilize the structure and provide ease of transport. Glucosyltransferases can be highly substrate and regiospecific. With Cp3OGT, glucose is added at the 3-hydroxy position. This 3GT only accepts flavonols as its substrate; however, a Vitis vinifera (grape) 3-GT can accept both flavonols and …
Changes In Synaptic Protein Content And Signaling In A Mouse Model Of Fragile X Syndrome, Kelly Birch, Peter W. Vanderklish Phd
Changes In Synaptic Protein Content And Signaling In A Mouse Model Of Fragile X Syndrome, Kelly Birch, Peter W. Vanderklish Phd
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Fragile X Syndrome--the most common inherited form of intellectual disability--is characterized by low IQ, impaired social interaction, hyperactivity and impulsivity, and abnormal physical traits including an elongated face and protruding ears. Nearly half of all children with Fragile X also meet diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder. Fragile X is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion on the X chromosome, leading to silencing of the Fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1) and thus lack of expression of Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). As a key translational suppressor, FMRP is crucial for normal neural development and synaptic function. The current …
Temporal And Spatial Patterns Of Barnacle Settlement Within The Southern, Ca Rocky Intertidal, Diana Fontaine
Temporal And Spatial Patterns Of Barnacle Settlement Within The Southern, Ca Rocky Intertidal, Diana Fontaine
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Barnacles act as model species for understanding how larval transport processes influence settlement and adult population dynamics. Settlement of barnacle larvae was quantified in the Southern California intertidal from April 2014 through January 2015 and from April through December 2015. Settlement plates (PVC, ~1.9 cm2) were deployed daily at 12-14 locations within our study site in the Bird Rock, La Jolla, California intertidal. Time series of temperature and significant wave height was also collected within the study site. We compared temporal patterns in settlement with changes in temperature and significant wave height. In general, settlement was higher in …
Phylogenetic Analysis Of Human Cytomegalovirus Pus27 And Pus28: Ascertaining An Independent Or Linked Evolutionary History, Jessica A. Scarborough
Phylogenetic Analysis Of Human Cytomegalovirus Pus27 And Pus28: Ascertaining An Independent Or Linked Evolutionary History, Jessica A. Scarborough
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that is particularly skilled at evading immune detection and defense mechanisms, largely due to extensive co-evolution with its host’s immune system. One aspect of this co-evolution involves the acquisition of four virally encoded GPCR chemokine receptor homologs, products of the US27, US28, UL33 and UL78 genes. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are the largest family of cell surface proteins, found in organisms from yeast to humans. In this research, phylogenetic analysis was used to investigate the origins of the US27 and US28 genes, which are adjacent in the viral genome. The results indicate that …
From Empty Lot To Garden Plot: Urban Agriculture In Chula Vista, Jennifer E. Gutierrez
From Empty Lot To Garden Plot: Urban Agriculture In Chula Vista, Jennifer E. Gutierrez
Undergraduate Honors Theses
This project is an exploration of how agriculture can be incorporated into the fabric of the city of Chula Vista, which has both uniquely urban and suburban areas. The proposal is to integrate agriculture as a design tool to reconnect to the city’s agricultural past and as a model for cities of the future. First, I discuss Chula Vista’s history and contemporary context, including demographics. I review the existing urban agriculture policies Chula Vista has and compare them to other cities in California. The second part of the project is concerned with how to choose and develop a site for …
Tropical Trees As Islands: Diversity Accumulation Of Armored Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) On Trees As A Function Of Forest Age, Hannah Shapiro
Tropical Trees As Islands: Diversity Accumulation Of Armored Scale Insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) On Trees As A Function Of Forest Age, Hannah Shapiro
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) are some of the most invasive insects in the world. These cryptic plant parasites are most often encountered in managed agricultural ecosystems, but very little is known about their distribution, abundance, and diversity in tropical rainforest canopies, where they are likely to have their highest diversity. Because these ubiquitous insects are extreme generalists with undirected dispersal, their diversity (alpha and beta) accumulation can conceivably be modeled according to tenets derived from island biogeography theory. For example, one expectation is that older established trees should boast a higher species diversity and abundance than younger ones. Other …
Postembryonic Polarity Modification In The Acoel Convolutriloba Longifissura, Eric Young, James M. Sikes Ph.D.
Postembryonic Polarity Modification In The Acoel Convolutriloba Longifissura, Eric Young, James M. Sikes Ph.D.
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Metazoans establish the bilateral body plan early in embryogenesis by patterning orthogonal body axes with polarity that is unaltered during the lifetime of most animals. While some organisms re-establish/modify body axes during regeneration and asexual reproduction, the acoel flatworm Convolutriloba longifissura is unusual in its ability to modify left-right (L-R) axis polarity during longitudinal fission. We have developed C. longifissura as a model for studying the mechanisms of L-R polarity modification during postembryonic development. Regeneration experiments have elucidated the temporal dynamics of midline re-specification, suggesting that parallel L-R axes replace the pre-existing midline prior to longitudinal fission. We have characterized …
In Vitro Investigation Of The Effect Of Exogenous Ubiquitin On Processes Associated With Atherosclerosis, Chase W. Mussard
In Vitro Investigation Of The Effect Of Exogenous Ubiquitin On Processes Associated With Atherosclerosis, Chase W. Mussard
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Atherosclerosis, characterized by the build-up of cholesterol, immune cells and cellular debris within arterial walls, is accelerated following myocardial infarction by poorly understood mechanisms. Ubiquitin, a small, well-studied intracellular protein involved in protein turnover via the proteasome pathway, has recently been shown to exert extracellular effects on cardiac myocytes, in vitro, and in mice undergoing myocardial remodeling. This study investigates the potential role of extracellular ubiquitin in atherosclerosis by determining its effects on two critical atherosclerotic processes: the migration of vascular smooth muscles cells and the uptake of modified LDL by monocyte/macrophages in foam cell formation. In the presence …
Identification Of N-Acylethanolamine Hydrolyzing Enzyme In Solanum Lycopersicum, Derek A. Stuffle
Identification Of N-Acylethanolamine Hydrolyzing Enzyme In Solanum Lycopersicum, Derek A. Stuffle
Undergraduate Honors Theses
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are fatty acid derivatives that occur naturally in plant and animal systems. In mammals, they regulate physiological functions, including neurotransmission, immune responses, vasodilation, embryo development and implantation, feeding behavior, and cell proliferation. NAEs are metabolized by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which belongs to the amidase signature family. It is hypothesized that putative FAAH functions as the catalyst in the metabolism of N-acylethanolamine in tomato plants. To test the hypothesis, FAAH protein homologs were identified in tomato via in silico analysis. Among the six homologs identified, FAAH1 and FAAH2 were selected for further validation. This study …
Effect Of Zymosan-Induced Peritonitis On The Expression Of Substance P In Primary Sensory Neurons And Spinal Nerve Processes, Michael G. Armstrong
Effect Of Zymosan-Induced Peritonitis On The Expression Of Substance P In Primary Sensory Neurons And Spinal Nerve Processes, Michael G. Armstrong
Undergraduate Honors Theses
Macrophages and other cells of the innate immune system recognize foreign particles that could be potentially dangerous and respond by initiating an inflammatory response. The biologically active chemical mediators of this response called pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced in various myeloid derived immune cells and can affect other cells of the body. Interleukin-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to have direct effects on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell bodies including the upregulation and direct release of a nociceptive neurotransmitter called substance P (SP). Using a zymosan-induced model of systemic inflammation, we hypothesized that murine DRG neurons and the nerve processes …
Genetic Variation In Long-Term And Short-Term Physiological Changes In Daphnia Magna During Acclimation To High Temperature, Bret L. Coggins
Genetic Variation In Long-Term And Short-Term Physiological Changes In Daphnia Magna During Acclimation To High Temperature, Bret L. Coggins
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The aquatic zooplankton crustacean Daphnia magna must be able to tolerate thermal stress in order to survive their native shallow ponds that are susceptible to drastic seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations as well as to globally increasing temperatures. Survival in such variable environments requires plastic responses that must include fundamental aspects of Daphnia biochemistry and physiology. Adaptive response to selection favoring such plastic phenotypes requires the presence of genetic variation for plastic response in natural populations. Adverse effects of elevated temperature on aquatic organisms are diverse and so are their plastic responses; among the most severe challenges aquatic organisms face …
Impact Of Reduced Calcium During Development In Snakes, Kaitlyn A. Mathis
Impact Of Reduced Calcium During Development In Snakes, Kaitlyn A. Mathis
Undergraduate Honors Theses
In squamate reptiles, the evolutionary transition from oviparity to viviparity is accompanied by loss of the calcareous outer eggshell, which suggests significant implications for the role of calcium during embryonic development (Packard et al., 1977). An experiment was designed to evaluate the impact of reduced calcium availability during development in the oviparous corn snake, Pantherophis guttatus (Stewart and Ecay, 2013). Results from that study showed significant decreases in the mass and length of hatchling corn snakes when the outer calcareous eggshell layer was removed during development. In vertebrates, variation in total body length reflects skeletal differences---primarily differences in the number …