Life Sciences Commons^™

Response Of Laryngeal And Tracheo-Bronchial Surface Lining To Inhaled Cigarette Smoke In Normal And Vitamin A-Deficient Rats: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study., P. K. Jeffery, A. P. R. Brain, P. A. Shields, B. P. Quinn, T. Betts

Scanning Microscopy

The effects on surface morphology of airway epithelium of cigarette smoke (CS) inhalation alone (experiments one and two) or of CS in combination with hypovitaminosis A (experiment two) was investigated using specific pathogen free rats. Eight morphologically distinct cell types were distinguished overall. Apart from atypical squamous lesions each of the other cell types could be found in varying proportions in all experimental groups. CS alone caused an increase in the frequency with which intra-lumenal mucus was seen and an increase in the occurrence of secretory cells of types IV (i.e.,'merocrine') and V (i.e.,'apocrine'). In experiment one, the area of …

Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Oral Mucosa In Vivo And In Vitro: A Review, Kristina Arvidson, Roland C. Grafström, Anders Pemer

Scanning Microscopy

The oral mucosa is classified by function into lining, masticatory and specialized oral mucosa, with regional structural adaptation. In this review, the surface structures of the human oral mucosa have been studied in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Regional variations in regard to keratinization, cell arrangements and microplications with related specific structures observed in SEM are described and correlated with the appearance of similar areas observed in the light microscope. Furthermore, human oral tissue and cell cultures have also been studied. These systems offer usable and complementary models for performing similar studies in vitro under controlled experimental conditions. We now …

An Electron Beam Tester With Dispersive Secondary Electron Energy Analyser, P. Kruit, L. Dubbeldam

Scanning Microscopy

The design principles of a new, experimental e-beam tester are described. Using the magnetic field of an immersion objective lens the secondary electrons are guided to an energy analyser between the condenser lenses and the objective lens. The latter can now have a short working distance and small aberrations. The electron energies are analysed by a combination trochoidal motion - retarding field analyser, which enables detection of the faster secondary electrons on one detector and detection of the slower secondary electrons on a second detector. The benefit of this set up is a possibility for voltage contrast isolation, normalization with …

The Effects Of Hypoxia On Sensory Cells Of The Cochlea In Chinchilla, M. Shirane, R. V. Harrison

Scanning Microscopy

The effects of hypoxia on the sensory epithelium of the cochlea were investigated in the chinchilla. Systemic hypoxia was produced by increasing the dead space of the respiratory tidal volume.

A disarrangement of hair-cell stereocilia, and cytoplasmic protrusions from sensory cells are the main findings in cochleas from hypoxic animals; these changes take place firstly at the inner hair-cells then, with the increase in degree of hypoxia, at the outer hair-cells.

These degenerative changes of sensory cells correlate well with both respiratory suppression and with the elevation of auditory threshold to click stimulation as monitored using the compound action potential …

Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination Of Archaeological Wood Microstructure Altered By Consolidation Treatments, P. B. Hatchfield, R. J. Koestler

Scanning Microscopy

The scanning electron microscope was used in a study of consolidative treatments for archaeological wooden objects. The surfaces of specimens taken from ancient Egyptian wood artifacts (Dynasty XII, ca. 1991-1786 B.C.) were examined for evidence of microstructural deterioration prior to consolidation with paraffin wax, a typical field treatment. The microstructural appearance of wood subjected to treatments used in conservation was investigated. The distribution of a wax and an acrylic resin used in consolidation was studied, as well as the success of consolidant removal by solvent extraction, and the effects of further treatment with an acrylic resin.

SEM examination revealed significant …

Low Temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Fungi, D. Jones, W. J. Mchardy, Clare Alexander

Scanning Microscopy

The object of the work was to assess the advantages of examining fungal material in the scanning electron microscope whilst in a fully hydrated state (cryofixed). The results indicated that conidia of the ascomycete fungi Xylaria hypoxylon and Nectria cinnabarina were well preserved with no indication of artifacts of contraction and wrinkling, features noted when the material was critical point-dried. Similarly cryofixed basidia of the mycorrhizal basidiomycete, Laccaria laccata, were well preserved as was the mucilaginous film enveloping them. The basidiospores of critical point-dried material were also reasonably well preserved, presumably due to their thick walls, but basidia in …

Micromorphological Characterisation Of Normal Human Bone Surfaces As A Function Of Age, S. A. Reid

Scanning Microscopy

Endosteal surfaces of human bone specimens, principally from the sixth rib, from subjects ranging in age from seven weeks to 87 years were studied using the secondary electron imaging mode in the scanning electron microscope. Specimens were examined after the removal of cells only, or after the removal of cells and organic matrix.

Morphological differences made it possible to identify the age group to which a specimen belonged. The most obvious of these was the ratio of active to resting bone surfaces, which decreased with age. The organisation of the collagen matrix which was deposited at endosteal surfaces was different …