Life Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Zeta Potential And Flocculant Molecular Chain Length On The Flocculation Of Fines, Kai F. Chiu

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The factors controlling floc formation and cohesion are discussed in terms of fiber entanglement, electrokinetic potential and fiber-polymer bridging. The methods of measurement of zeta potential and degree of flocculation are also considered. In addition, an experiment is designed to relate zeta potential, molecular weight of synthetic polymers and the degree of flocculation of fines.

It is found that fiber length is the most predominant factor controlling flocculation. The bridging effect of polymer comes next. The higher the molecular weight, the greater the degree of flocculation. The electrokinetic potential effect is only influential if simple electrolytes are used as flocculant …

A Comparison Of Fiber Orientation On Fourdrinier And Verti-Forma Paper Machines Using The Instron Tensile Tester, Paul J. Kiffe

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Many of the fundamental sheet properties are inter-related with the fiber orientation of the sheet. Until recently, this sheet was made of a Fourdrinier machine and the relationships were thoroughly studied. The advent of the Verti-Forma has opened up a new field of study. The objective of this thesis was to compare the fiber orientation in the two-wire Verti-Forma with the conventional Fourdrinier using the Instron tensile tester.

Test samples were acquired from the pilot Fourdrinier at Western Michigan University, a Fourdrinier at Allied Paper Company, and the Verti-Forms also at Allied. Full and split sheet halves were tested for …

The Application Of Stress-Strain Analysis In Routine Control, Richard L. Memmer

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Many of the empirical strength tests used for determining end use performance of a paper sheet do not give a true indication of actual sheet properties and performance. The empirical tests of burst, tear, and folding endurance were made on eighteen paper samples of different grades of papers. The fundamental tests of tensile strength, elongation, and tensile energy absorption were also made on the same samples using a stress-strain tester. The fundamental tests were used in showing deficiencies and discrepancies in the empirical test values.

The discrepancies found indicated a need for increased fundamental testing to be use in predicting …

The Effects Of Ph On Cationic Agents To Increase The Efficiency Of Tio2 In Paper, Stanley L. Oakleaf

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The effect of pH on the efficiency of the cationic agents, Kymene 557 (Epichlorohydrin) and Tydex (Polyethylenimine), was studied, and the efficiencies of the two cationic agents were compared.

The pH at which cationic agents are most effective, considering percent retention of titanium dioxide, is pH 5.7 at the time of titanium dioxide slurry addition. The pH for optimum opacity in a sheet is pH 6.0.

A pH that is controlled by alum, rather than independently of alum, produces higher titanium dioxide retentions and opacities. Maximum efficiency is not controlled by pH alone. An alum loading of about 3.5% should …

Turbidity Reductions By Enzymatic Hydrolysis, John Nowak

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Turbidity has long been a problem to the paper industry. In the past, it has been mainly associated with secondary fiber mills, among others. However, with the recent increase in the price of virgin pulp, other mills are seriously considering secondary fiber as a substitute for virgin pulp. Therefore, turbidity may become a problem to a larger number of mills in the future. Turbidity arises when starch and a filler are sheared together in a system. It has been noted in the literature that hypochlorite-oxidized starch produces the greatest turbidity phenomenon.

This project assumed that the size of the starch …

Use Of The Vandercook Proof Press To Predict Rotogravure Print Quality, Patrick Phee

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The object of this thesis is to investigate a new idea in predicting printability for rotogravure printing. Present proof presses in the gravure industry are clumsy, expensive, and in most cases, impractical for regular use.

In order to understand the relationship between ink, paper, and plate, it is necessary to consider many variables such as smoothness, ink receptivity, porosity, moisture content, formation, surface strength, and opacity.

The laboratory work performed and presented in this paper shows that a Vandercook proof press may be used to predict printability in the gravure process.

An Investigation Of Offset Printability In Folding Boxboard Using A Letterpress Printing Test, Roger D. Clemens

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The primary reason for this investigation was to determine if a simple letterpress test could be used to predict the print quality of folding boxboard printed by the offset method.

The experimental plan was to compare the objective ranking of print quality in the laboratory prints with the subjective ranking of print quality in the commercial prints. If the rankings correlated favorably, there would be reason to suspect that this type of test might be applicable in predicting the millroom print quality of folding boxboard.

It was found that the hoped-for correlation did not exist in this particular case primarily …

A Study Of The Feasibility Of Using A Pulping Aid With Polysulfide Kraft Cooks, Terrence R. Mccarty

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this paper was to determine the feasibility of using a pulping aid with a polysulfide kraft cook. Since any change in an operation such as pulping must yield a product such that the quality is better or not appreciably reduced and at the same time must be economically acceptible, the feasibility was based on these factors. Tests were made on a standard kraft cook, a polysulfide cook, a cook using the pulping aid alone and a cook using the pulping aid with the polysulfides. From the work conducted, there were no significant changes in the physical and …

The Effect Of Viscosity On Binder Migration, Richard J. Devries

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Binder migration has caused many problems in practical applications. There are many variables involved in this field including the base stock, percent solids, the type of pigment and adhesive, and the coat weight.

Bind migration seems to be a function of three almost simultaneously occurring events. These are, migration due to capillary action, pressure, and redistribution during drying.

The procedures used to determine migration in this study included an embedding technique, an infrared technique, and a technique using the IPC brightness meter. The first two techniques failed and only limited information was obtained using the other technique. The most important …