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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Utilization Of Raw Pork Skins In Reduced Fat Fresh Pork Sausage, Tammy Fotjik, Roger W. Mandigo
Utilization Of Raw Pork Skins In Reduced Fat Fresh Pork Sausage, Tammy Fotjik, Roger W. Mandigo
Nebraska Swine Reports
The effects of fat, raw pork skin and added water on the color, yield, texture and palatability of fresh pork sausage were investigated. Fresh pork sausage was produced to contain 8 percent and 20 percent fat, 10 percent or 20 percent pork skin and zero percent or 10 percent added water. Three controls were produced at 8 percent, 20 percent and 35 percent fat with no added pork skin or water. Sausage with added pork skins had increased pH values. The 8 percent fat sausage and sausage without added water had the greatest cook yields, while the addition of pork …
Effects Of Gestation Housing System On Productivity Of Three Genetic Lines Of Sows, Tom Long, John Halstead
Effects Of Gestation Housing System On Productivity Of Three Genetic Lines Of Sows, Tom Long, John Halstead
Nebraska Swine Reports
A trial was conducted to compare the effects of gestation housing system (outside dirt lots versus inside gestation stalls) and sow genetic line (n=3) on number born alive, litter weaning weight, daily lactation feed disappearance and lactation feed conversion. All sows farrowed and lactated in confinement. No significant interactions were detected between genetic line and gestation housing system. There were no differences between the two gestation housing systems for number born alive and litter weaning weight. However, there were significant differences between sows housed indoors and outdoors for daily lactation feed disappearance and lactation feed conversion. Sows housed outside had …
Efficacy Of Once (1x) Versus Twice (2x) Daily Physical Or Fence-Line Contact With Boars For Stimulating Earlier Puberty In Gilts, Dwane Zimmerman, Thomas Mcgargill, Norm Rohda
Efficacy Of Once (1x) Versus Twice (2x) Daily Physical Or Fence-Line Contact With Boars For Stimulating Earlier Puberty In Gilts, Dwane Zimmerman, Thomas Mcgargill, Norm Rohda
Nebraska Swine Reports
The effectiveness of twice daily (2x) versus once daily (1x) boar exposure (BE) and the possible interaction of frequency of BE and type of BE (physical, PBE, versus fence-line, FBE) for stimulating earlier puberty in gilts was evaluated. Gilts (n=120) from the R-LS line of the gene pool herd at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln were, within litter, assigned randomly to two frequencies of BE (1x versus 2x per day) and two types of BE (PBE versus FBE) plus one additional treatment where gilts were maintained in continuous fence-line contact with boars (CFBE). Treatments were initiated when gilts in each replicate …
The Pig Pro Decision, Networking, And Environmental Protection: The Public Policy Challenge, J. David Aiken
The Pig Pro Decision, Networking, And Environmental Protection: The Public Policy Challenge, J. David Aiken
Nebraska Swine Reports
On August 29, 1997, the Nebraska Supreme Court issued its first decision interpreting the provisions of Initiative 300 (I300), Nebraska’s family farm constitutional amendment. In its Pig Pro decision, a unanimous court ruled five Dawson county farmers who sought to form a non-profit cooperative corporation would violate article XII §12 of the Nebraska Constitution (I300). The decision means Nebraska farmers cannot network their operations and receive limited liability protection under I300.
Ventilation Systems — Redundancy Is Essential, Gerald R. Bodman
Ventilation Systems — Redundancy Is Essential, Gerald R. Bodman
Nebraska Swine Reports
Ventilation system failure can kill many animals in a few minutes. This kind of loss is often non-insurable. Adequate backup systems can reduce the risk of loss. Producers should install backups, or system redundancy, consistent with the level of risk they consider acceptable.
1998 Nebraska Swine Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Reproduction
Efficacy of Once (1x) vs Twice (2x) Daily Physical or Fence-line Contact with Boars for Stimulating Earlier Puberty in Gilts
Follicular Development in Gilts Selected for High Ovulation Rate and Embryo Survival Vs Randomly Selected Control Line Gilts
Genetics
The Effects of Genetic Line and Diet Regimen on Attainment of Puberty in Gilts
Effects of Gestation Housing System on Productivity of Three Genetic Lines of Sows
Responses to 14 Generations of Selection for Components of Litter Size
Health
Activity of Four Antimicrobial Agents Against Porcine Serpulina Pilosicoli Isolates From the Midwestern United States
Nutrition
Protein Sources for Segregated Early …
Pen Space Allocations And Pelleting Of Swine Diets, Mike Brumm
Pen Space Allocations And Pelleting Of Swine Diets, Mike Brumm
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment was conducted to determine whether an interaction exists between pen space allocation (14 versus 19 pigs per pen in 8 x 14 ft pens) and physical form of the diet (meal versus pellet) in a fully slatted facility. There were no interactions between diet form and pen space allocation for daily gain, feed intake or feed conversion efficiency. Pigs fed pelleted diets had a 2.3 percent improvement in daily gain and a 7.9 percent improvement in feed efficiency. Although pigs housed 14-per-pen grew faster than those housed 19-per-pen with no difference in feed conversion efficiency, pigs in the …
Properties And Applications Of Pork Trim Obtained From An Advanced Meat Recovery System, Christi M. Calhoun, Roger W. Mandigo
Properties And Applications Of Pork Trim Obtained From An Advanced Meat Recovery System, Christi M. Calhoun, Roger W. Mandigo
Nebraska Swine Reports
Automated mechanical systems are being utilized by the pork industry to efficiently and economically recover meat remaining on bones after fabrication. The recovered meat, referred to as pork trim-finely textured (PTFT), has unique properties which must be understood to best use this lean meat source. This research characterized the chemical and physical properties of PTFT, determined incorporation levels in ground pork and studied the storage and shelf-life-stability of products containing PTFT. Chemical and physical properties of PTFT were compared to knife trimmed meat (KT) and 80 percent lean ground pork (GP). PTFT had higher iron, calcium, total pigment and cholesterol …
Activity Of Four Antimicrobial Agents Against Porcine Serpulina Pilosicoli Isolates From The Midwestern United States, Gerald Duhamel, Michelle R. Mathiesen, Joann M. Kinyon, Dorothy Murphy, Don Walter
Activity Of Four Antimicrobial Agents Against Porcine Serpulina Pilosicoli Isolates From The Midwestern United States, Gerald Duhamel, Michelle R. Mathiesen, Joann M. Kinyon, Dorothy Murphy, Don Walter
Nebraska Swine Reports
Porcine colonic spirochetosis (PCS) is a non-fatal, diarrheal disease affecting pigs during the growing and finishing stages of production. The disease is caused by Serpulina pilosicoli, a newly recognized species of intestinal spirochetes. Because Serpulina pilosicoli is transmitted by the fecaloral route, control measures aimed at reducing environmental contamination, including sanitation and antimicrobial therapy, should be investigated. We determined the antimicrobial susceptibility of seven porcine Serpulina pilosicoli isolates recovered from pigs in the midwestern United States against four antimicrobials commonly used for control of swine dysentery, a disease caused by the related spirochete, Serpulina hyodysenteriae. All the isolates were susceptible …
Responses To 14 Generations Of Selection For Components Of Litter Size, Rodger K. Johnson
Responses To 14 Generations Of Selection For Components Of Litter Size, Rodger K. Johnson
Nebraska Swine Reports
Eleven generations of selection for increased index of ovulation rate and embryonal survival rate, followed by three generations of selection for litter size, were practiced. Laparotomy was used to count corpora lutea and fetuses at 50 days of gestation. High indexing gilts, approximately 30 percent, were farrowed each generation. All gilts in these litters were mated to boars selected from litters of gilts in the upper 15 percent of the distribution for index. Selection from generation 12 to 14 was for increased number of fully formed pigs. Replacement boars and gilts were selected from the largest 25 percent of the …
The Effects Of Genetic Line And Diet Regimen On Attainment Of Puberty In Gilts*, Tom Long, Agustin Ruiz-Flores, Ken Stalder, Rodney Goodwin, Walter W. Stroup
The Effects Of Genetic Line And Diet Regimen On Attainment Of Puberty In Gilts*, Tom Long, Agustin Ruiz-Flores, Ken Stalder, Rodney Goodwin, Walter W. Stroup
Nebraska Swine Reports
A trial was conducted to determine the effects of genetic line and gilt development diet regimen and the interaction of these factors on the timely attainment of puberty in gilts. Genetic line was an important factor on the probability of gilts attaining puberty by 8.5 months. Results also indicated leaner gilts (as measured by backfat adjusted to 240 lb) had a lower probability of reaching puberty by 8.5 months than fatter gilts. Gilt development diet regimen and the interaction between genetic line and diet regimen were not significant effects on the attainment of puberty by 8.5 months of age. These …
Plasma Urea Can Be Used To Identify The Protein Requirements Of Group-Penned Finishing (130 To 220 Lb) Barrows And Gilts Fed Corn-Soybean Diets, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Hsin-Yi Chen
Plasma Urea Can Be Used To Identify The Protein Requirements Of Group-Penned Finishing (130 To 220 Lb) Barrows And Gilts Fed Corn-Soybean Diets, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Hsin-Yi Chen
Nebraska Swine Reports
In this study, growth performance data from finishing pigs indicate the response of barrows and gilts to dietary protein concentration was maximized with a 15 percent protein corn-soybean meal diet. Review of the response of plasma urea concentration to dietary protein intake indicated that, in this study, the protein requirement of barrows was between 12 and 15 percent and the protein requirement for gilts was between 15 and 18 percent. Based on the many findings in the literature documenting that protein requirements ( percent of the diet) of gilts are greater than those of barrows, we believe the use of …
Nutrient Balance On Nebraska Livestock Confinement Systems, Richard K. Koelsch, Gary Lesoing
Nutrient Balance On Nebraska Livestock Confinement Systems, Richard K. Koelsch, Gary Lesoing
Nebraska Swine Reports
Managing the environmental risk associated with livestock production is a significant challenge. The degree of imbalance between the amount of nutrient input and nutrient output for a livestock operation provides insight into the underlying causes of nutrient-related environmental challenges. A nitrogen and phosphorus balance was constructed for 33 Nebraska livestock operations (including 17 swine operations). On most farms, substantially more nitrogen entered the farm (through purchased feed, fertilizer, etc) than left it in the form of animals, crops and manure sold. Most farms also had an accumulation of phosphorus. Size of the operation and the degree of integration between livestock …
Improvement Of Pork Loin Tenderness Using The Hydrodyne Process, Bernadette O'Rourk, Chris R. Calkins, Rose Rosario, Janet Eastridge, Morse Solomon, John Long
Improvement Of Pork Loin Tenderness Using The Hydrodyne Process, Bernadette O'Rourk, Chris R. Calkins, Rose Rosario, Janet Eastridge, Morse Solomon, John Long
Nebraska Swine Reports
In this research, exposure of pork to an explosive charge within a water-filled container created an immediate improvement in tenderness and enhanced proteolysis upon subsequent storage. Hydrodyne-treated pork was as tender 1 day post mortem as untreated pork aged 40 days. The tenderness advantage of the Hydrodyne process to unaged pork is immediate and appears unrelated to proteolysis. The Hydrodyne process is a very effective tenderization technique providing benefits similar to aging.
Dietary Fiber In Sow Gestation Diets — An Economic Analysis, Duane Reese
Dietary Fiber In Sow Gestation Diets — An Economic Analysis, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Reports
A previous research summary indicated sows fed high-fiber diets during gestation weaned an average of .3 more pigs/litter than sows fed lower-fiber, grain-based diets. Gestation diets containing 45 percent wheat midds, 20 percent soybean hulls, 25 percent alfalfa meal, 30 percent sugar beet pulp or 40 percent oats provide similar amounts of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), which should be sufficient to increase litter size weaned by .3 pigs per litter. An economic analysis suggests feeding a diet containing these sources of NDF would increase sow feed ingredient costs from 0 to $3.30/ sow/period (110 days) compared to feeding a corn-soybean …
Building Loads And Failures, Gerald Bodman
Building Loads And Failures, Gerald Bodman
Nebraska Swine Reports
During the investigation of a collapsed building, inadequate design loads and inappropriate construction practices are often discovered. A building failure adversely affects a producer’s ability to generate income. A well designed and constructed building costs only slightly more than a mediocre one. Insisting on good design, use of high-quality materials and a qualified contractor reduces the risk of structural failure.
The Effect Of Protein Intake On Growth Performance, Plasma Urea Concentration, Liver Weight, And Arginase Activity Of Finishing Barrows And Gilts, Hsin-Yi Chen, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
The Effect Of Protein Intake On Growth Performance, Plasma Urea Concentration, Liver Weight, And Arginase Activity Of Finishing Barrows And Gilts, Hsin-Yi Chen, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein concentration on growth performance, plasma urea concentration, liver weight and liver arginase activity of finishing (138 lb) barrows and gilts. Average daily feed intake, arginase activity and plasma urea concentration were greater in barrows than in gilts, whereas liver weight was lighter in barrows than in gilts. These data suggest gilts are affected more negatively by high protein diets than barrows. We believe the changes in liver weight and urea cycle enzymes (arginase) are related to these feed intake differences.
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pigs treated alike vary in performance, due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effects we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.
Responses Of Barrows Consuming A Diet Formulated On An Ideal Protein Basis At Different Feeding Levels, Sergio Gomez, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Hsin-Yi Chen
Responses Of Barrows Consuming A Diet Formulated On An Ideal Protein Basis At Different Feeding Levels, Sergio Gomez, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Hsin-Yi Chen
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance, nutrient digestibilities and plasma metabolites of barrows fed with a corn-soybean meal diet (CONTROL) or a diet formulated on an ideal protein basis (IDEAL; supplemented with crystalline lysine, threonine, tryptophan and methionine). Each diet was offered either on an ad libitum basis or at a feeding level of 90 or 80 percent of ad libitum feed intake. Averaged for the entire experimental period, barrows fed the CONTROL diet gained seven percent faster (P < .05) and were five percent more efficient (P < .01) than barrows fed the IDEAL diet. As the level of feed intake decreased, there was a decrease in daily gain (P < .01), but feed efficiency tended to be improved (P < .10) for barrows fed 90 percent of ad libitum. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter and energy were approximately three percent greater (P < .01) for barrows fed the IDEAL diet. Plasma urea concentrations were lower in barrows fed the IDEAL diet, regardless of feeding level; however, for barrows fed the CONTROL diet, the urea concentration was lower when the feeding level was 80 percent of ad libitum (diet x level, P < .01). Over time, the urea concentration declined in barrows fed the IDEAL diet (diet x time, P < .01). The concentrations of plasma glucose were lower in barrows fed the CONTROL diet (P < .01), were reduced with each reduction in the feeding level (P < .01), and were diminished over time throughout the experiment (P < .01). Plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were lower in barrows fed the CONTROL diet at the beginning of Phase 2 (diet x time, P < .05). The reduction in daily gain observed with the IDEAL diet suggests a deficiency of other essential amino acid(s) may have limited the growth potential of these pigs or that the “ideal” pattern was not correct for the pigs used in this research. Results from this study will help to provide a basis for future studies to investigate the apparent reduction in performance sometimes observed in pigs consuming lower protein, amino acid-supplemented diets. We recognize the reduction in growth performance observed for the IDEAL diet may be offset by changes in body composition.
Protein Sources For Segregated Early Weaned (Sew) Pigs, Stacy L. Norin, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese
Protein Sources For Segregated Early Weaned (Sew) Pigs, Stacy L. Norin, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Reports
Three experiments were conducted to examine different protein sources for segregated, early weaned (SEW) pigs. Protein sources evaluated included extruded soybeans, extruded-expelled soybeans, solvent-extracted soybean meal and spray-dried egg product as a substitute for spray-dried plasma protein. Performance differences among the four treatments could not be detected after seven weeks (two week experimental period and five week common corn-soybean meal diet). The cost of gain was reduced during the two-week treatment period by feeding diets with reduced plasma protein levels with or without the partial or complete substitution of spray-dried egg product. In addition, SEW pigs consuming the diet containing …
Follicular Development In Gilts Selected For High Ovulation Rate And Embryo Survival Versus Randomly Selected Control Line Gilts, Hui-Wen Yen, Rodger K. Johnson, Dwane R. Zimmerman
Follicular Development In Gilts Selected For High Ovulation Rate And Embryo Survival Versus Randomly Selected Control Line Gilts, Hui-Wen Yen, Rodger K. Johnson, Dwane R. Zimmerman
Nebraska Swine Reports
The patterns of follicular development during the proestrous period were compared in gilts selected for an index of high ovulation rate and high prenatal survival (White Line-2, WL-2) and randomly selected controls (White Line-1, WL-1) on days 0, 2, 3, 4, 5 and estrus after induced luteolysis with PGF2&#;&#;on day 13 (day 0) of the estrous cycle. Numbers of follicles (F) equal or greater than 2 mm in diameter were categorized and recorded as follows: small (SF, 2 to 2.9 mm), medium-1 (M1F, 3 to 4.9 mm), medium-2 (M2F, 5 to 6.9 mm) and large (LF, equal or above 7 …