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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Evolutionary Selective Pressures Exerted On A3 Actinobacteriophages, Cheyenne Weeks-Galindo
The Evolutionary Selective Pressures Exerted On A3 Actinobacteriophages, Cheyenne Weeks-Galindo
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
This study identified evolutionary selective pressures within subcluster A3 actinobacteriophages. These phages are able to infect the clinically important genus Mycobacterium. Understanding the selective pressures on genes in these phage genomes is a step toward understanding the adaptations that result from short-term and long-term associations of phages and bacteria that have been co-evolving for perhaps billions of years. In this study 149 phamilies (phage protein families) of homologous gene sequences were analyzed using Datamonkey. Complete data were obtained for 57 phamilies. Of these, eleven phamilies were affected by recombination, three showed evidence of predominantly diversifying selection, and twenty-four have …
The Effect Of Run Sprint Interval Training On Diabetic Metabolic Markers In Prediabetic Adults, Kathryn L. Hilovsky
The Effect Of Run Sprint Interval Training On Diabetic Metabolic Markers In Prediabetic Adults, Kathryn L. Hilovsky
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Abstract
Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an 8-week run-sprint interval training (R-SIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (MIT) on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function in sedentary, prediabetic adults. Secondary outcomes of the study included anthropometric, body composition variables, and aerobic capacity.
Methods: Sedentary, physician diagnosed prediabetic individuals were randomized into R-SIT (n=7, BMI 36.76 ± 9.79) or MIT (n=8, BMI 40.59 ± 12.49) interventions. Subjects participated in supervised exercise three times a week and attended a Diabetes Prevention Program course, once weekly. R-SIT participants performed 4-6 x 30-second …
The Psychological Response To A Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet In Combination With A Six-Week Strength Training Protocol, Matthew T. Thorp
The Psychological Response To A Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet In Combination With A Six-Week Strength Training Protocol, Matthew T. Thorp
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The aim of the present study was to determine whether or not long-term adherence to a Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet (LCKD) combined with a powerlifting strength training protocol could produce a positive psychological response. This six-week randomized control trial consisted of a treatment (LCKD) group (7% carbohydrates, 50% fat and 45% protein) and a control (CON) group (ad libitum). Both groups completed a validated powerlifting training protocol, as well as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Profile of Mood States. Multivariate testing and general linear modeling statistical analyses were used to compare psychological response between groups (p < 0.05) and found that there was a significant decrease in anxiety over the duration of six-weeks among both groups. No other psychological responses, including negative responses, were found to be significant. All participants significantly improved one-repetition max bench press, back squat, and deadlift (p < 0.05). The main findings of this study suggest that some positive psychological responses exist from long-term LCKD adherence, as well as potential increases in strength performance.
Using Capture-Mark-Recapture Techniques To Estimate Detection Probabilities & Fidelity Of Expression For The Critically Endangered James Spinymussel (Pleurobema Collina)., Alaina C. Esposito
Using Capture-Mark-Recapture Techniques To Estimate Detection Probabilities & Fidelity Of Expression For The Critically Endangered James Spinymussel (Pleurobema Collina)., Alaina C. Esposito
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The critically endangered James Spinymussel (Pleurobema collina) is a species of freshwater mussel endemic to Virginia’s James and Dan River basins. In the last 20 years, P. collina has experienced a substantial decline in numbers and currently occupies approximately 10% of its original habitat; however, little information is known about this species to assist in conservation. A 230-meter reach of transitional habitat in Swift Run was selected for repeat observations to estimate detection probabilities using a Capture-Mark-Recapture framework. In June 2014, visual scouting began to locate and tag P. collina (including other mussels in the community) with PIT …
The Effect Of Controlled Burns On Abundance Of Woody Species At Buck Mountain, West Virginia, Barry E. Edgar
The Effect Of Controlled Burns On Abundance Of Woody Species At Buck Mountain, West Virginia, Barry E. Edgar
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Each year, the U.S. Forest Service prescribes burns within the George Washington and Jefferson National Forest (GWJNF). Burns are prescribed in the growing (late April-October) and dormant season (November- mid-April). The goal of the burns is to reinstate the natural fire regime, returning forests to their original species composition. Currently in GWJNF, Appalachian pine-oak forests are experiencing an increase in fire-intolerant species, while Quercus species and Gaylussacia brachycera, an endangered shrub species, are declining. In the summer of 2014, a vegetation survey was conducted on Buck Mountain, West Virginia to determine if there was a significant difference between dormant and …
Satellite Cell Behavior In Cyclists Following Intensified Training With And Without Protein Supplementation, Alec I. Mckenzie
Satellite Cell Behavior In Cyclists Following Intensified Training With And Without Protein Supplementation, Alec I. Mckenzie
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
PURPOSE: The objectives were to determine the satellite cell (SC) response among endurance-trained cyclists (n=8; VO2max: 63.1 ± 8.4 mL/Kg/min)to a period of intensified training (ICT) (10 days) and 10 days of recovery (RVT), with and without protein supplementation. METHODS: Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis prior to- and immediately following ICT and RVT. Fluorescent microscopy was used to analyze SCs and myosin heavy chain I and IIa (MHC I and IIa). Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. RESULTS: MHC I SCs were exceptionally abundant at baseline (38 ± 20 SCs/100 fibers). MHC I SC count …
The Effect Of Run Sprint Interval Training On Prediabetic Adults: Health Related Quality Of Life, Perceived Enjoyment, And Exercise Adherence, Nicole M. Gilbertson
The Effect Of Run Sprint Interval Training On Prediabetic Adults: Health Related Quality Of Life, Perceived Enjoyment, And Exercise Adherence, Nicole M. Gilbertson
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and perceived exercise enjoyment are greater in a run sprint interval training (RSIT) group compared to a moderate intensity training (MIT) group in sedentary, prediabetic adults after an 8-week intervention.
Methods: Over 8-weeks, subjects in the RSIT group progressed from 4 to 6 30-second sprints per session, and the MIT group progressed from 30 to 60 minutes of continuous moderate intensity exercise. Participants in both groups completed 8-weeks of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Diabetes Prevention Program educational classes. HRQOL …
The Association Between Sleep Quality, Physical Inactivity, And Risk Of Developing Metabolic Syndrome, Matthew Scott
The Association Between Sleep Quality, Physical Inactivity, And Risk Of Developing Metabolic Syndrome, Matthew Scott
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to assess the independent effects of sedentary time, sleep quality, and physical activity on risk factors for Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in college students.
Methods 40 college aged students were recruited from James Madison University. Height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, and body composition were assessed on visit 1. Blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profile were assessed on visit 2. Subjects were required to wear an Actigraph GT3x accelerometer, which measured physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep quality for 7 days and nights. Univariate Pearson correlation analyses were performed to determine the …
Sleep Deprivation And Voluntary Alcohol Consumption In Adolescent Rats, Sancho N. Sequeira
Sleep Deprivation And Voluntary Alcohol Consumption In Adolescent Rats, Sancho N. Sequeira
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Alcohol is one of the most common psychoactive drugs, and has been used by humans for thousands of years. Research has focused on the effects of alcohol on sleep, however recent trends in the literature have taken a more bidirectional approach to the relationship between alcohol and sleep. This research investigates the effects of chronic, partial sleep deprivation on alcohol consumption. Twelve adolescent Sprague Dawley rats had free access to two bottles at all times, one containing water and one containing a 7% alcohol and water solution. Sleep deprivation was achieved by using a forced exercise wheel. All rats were …
Impacts Of Consumer Horticulture On Stormwater And Nutrient Management: Investigating Public Perception, Knowledge, And Practices In The Shenandoah River Watershed, Christopher P. Parker
Impacts Of Consumer Horticulture On Stormwater And Nutrient Management: Investigating Public Perception, Knowledge, And Practices In The Shenandoah River Watershed, Christopher P. Parker
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The South Fork Shenandoah River is a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay that is a significant contributor to nitrogen and phosphorus that enter the Bay and leads to increased eutrophication. These nutrients also cause problems in the South Fork Shenandoah River. The United States Environmental Protection agency has implemented strict regulation to reduce nutrients entering the Bay by developing the Chesapeake Bay TMDL. While the TMDL has strict regulation on wastewater treatment, agriculture, and industry, there are still sources of nutrients entering the Bay through unregulated sources. Urban/suburban runoff is one of these sources, particularly runoff from home owner’s lawns. …
Comparison Of The Antibacterial, Colloidal, And Hemolytic Properties Of Novel Triple-Headed, Triscationic Amphiphiles, Tara Gallagher
Comparison Of The Antibacterial, Colloidal, And Hemolytic Properties Of Novel Triple-Headed, Triscationic Amphiphiles, Tara Gallagher
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Antibiotic resistant bacteria were first reported in the 1940s, several years after the clinical introduction of penicillin. Since then, antibiotic resistance has contributed to increasing bacterial infections, mortality rates, and treatment costs. One promising alternative to traditional antibiotics is the development and use of amphiphiles, compounds with at least one hydrophilic head group and one hydrophobic tail. Three novel series of triple-headed amphiphiles with variations in the third head group composition, tail length and number of tails (one or two) were synthesized. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to determine the critical micelle concentration – the concentration at which amphiphiles aggregate …
Characterization Of The C. Elegans Nascent Polypeptide Associated Complex (Nac) Function Under Stress, Jonathan E. Sandoval
Characterization Of The C. Elegans Nascent Polypeptide Associated Complex (Nac) Function Under Stress, Jonathan E. Sandoval
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) is a highly conserved heterodimer known to play an important role in protein folding and localization during metazoan development. Evidence in different model systems indicates that removal of either subunit of the NAC, i.e. α- or β-NAC, is sufficient to generate misfolded protein stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in the activation of the ER-specific unfolded protein response (UPR). What is not yet understood is the nature of the UPR depending on which subunit of the NAC is depleted. My research is focused on characterizing the specific UPR outcomes induced upon depletion of either …
Identification Of Three Novel Genes, Ppk12, Ppk23, And Ppk25, Involved In Noxious Cold Detection In Drosophila, Benjamin Williamson
Identification Of Three Novel Genes, Ppk12, Ppk23, And Ppk25, Involved In Noxious Cold Detection In Drosophila, Benjamin Williamson
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The reflexive response and perception of pain (nociception) is an evolutionarily conserved process in animals. Pain can be a major health concern and current treatments often prove insufficient, especially in regards to chronic pain. Greater understanding of the molecular processes underlying pain sensation could lead to new and more effective treatments. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms of cold nociception in Drosophila melanogaster. A specific subset of peripheral sensory neurons (Class III dendritic arborization (da) neurons), are implicated in Drosophila larvae’s response to noxious cold.
Previous literature has implicated a variety of ion channel families, …