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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2004

Animal Sciences

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Articles 1 - 30 of 75

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Effect Of Castration Time On Feedlot Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Beef Tenderness, J.W. Homm, T.T. Marston, J.R. Brethour, John A. Unruh Jan 2004

Effect Of Castration Time On Feedlot Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Beef Tenderness, J.W. Homm, T.T. Marston, J.R. Brethour, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred Angus calves (n=120) were randomly assigned to early-castrated, early-castrated plus implant, and late-castrated treatment groups. After weaning, calves were placed on feed at the Western Kansas Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Station in Hays, Kansas, for finishing. On-feed weights and final weights were similar among treatments. During the first 132 days on feed, the steers castrated early and implanted had a lower average daily gain than early- and late-castration treatments. Early castrates tended (P=0.08) to have a lower feed-to-gain ratio for the first 132 days on feed. Hot carcass weight, internal fat, and marbling scores were not affected …

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Evaluation Of The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Threonine Requirement For Nursery Pigs (2004), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Evaluation Of The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Threonine Requirement For Nursery Pigs (2004), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1800 pigs (Exp 1, 360; Exp. 2, 1440) were used in two experiments to evaluate the true ileal digestible (TID) lysine and threonine requirement for 24- to 44-lb pigs. In Exp. 1, there were eight pens per treatment, with five pigs (Genetiporc, initially 23.6 lb and 34 d of age) per pen. Experiment 1 was conducted as a combination of two separate trials to simultaneously examine both the TID lysine and threonine requirement, and hence, determine the appropriate threonine-to-lysine ratio. The first part of the trial consisted of five treatments formulated to contain 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, …

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Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Serially Slaughtered Finishing Heifers, R.L. Hale, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston Jan 2004

Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Serially Slaughtered Finishing Heifers, R.L. Hale, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted at the KSU Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Center, Hays, Kansas, to measure feedlot gain and carcass traits of serially slaughtered, yearling crossbred heifers. In Exp. 1, 159 heifers averaging 792 lbs were randomly assigned to one of four slaughter groups, and slaughtered at 21-day intervals beginning at 92 days on feed. In Exp. 2, 181 heifers averaging 759 lbs were randomly assigned to one of four slaughter groups, and slaughtered at intervals of 19, 23 and 21 day, respectively, starting at 127 days. In both experiments, final weight, gain, and carcass weight increased with …

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Night Feeding To Reduce Bird Predation In Feedlots, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee Jan 2004

Night Feeding To Reduce Bird Predation In Feedlots, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During times of heavy infestations by birds, feedlots can have 25 to 30% increases in feed usage, thereby resulting in large economic losses. Because starlings, blackbirds, grackles, and other avian pests normally feed during daylight hours, we hypothesized that feeding cattle at night would minimize feed contamination and feed loss due to bird infestation. Crossbred beef heifers (n=96; 770 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of feeding at night on performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were fed for 107 days during the months of November to March, when large bird populations were observed. Feed was delivered once daily at …

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Quantification Of Volatile Flavor Compounds In Off-Flavor And Commercial Reduced-Fat Milk Samples, L.L. Francis, J. Lee, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon Jan 2004

Quantification Of Volatile Flavor Compounds In Off-Flavor And Commercial Reduced-Fat Milk Samples, L.L. Francis, J. Lee, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Various chemical compounds contribute to the naturally pleasant flavor of milk. Over time, however, and with unwanted chemical reactions, loss of flavor is inevitable. This study was conducted to identify and quantify volatile flavor compounds associated with off-flavored and commercial reduced-fat milk products. Fresh milk was used for the preparation of altered milk samples having off-flavors such as "light-oxidized" and "high-acid." Milk lacking freshness (i.e., milk produced two weeks before sampling and maintained at 40oF in the dark) also was compared with fresh unaltered milk and two commercial milk samples. For headspace analysis, milk samples were subjected to SPME-GC for …

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Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Steers Implanted With Component Te-S Or Component Te-S With Tylan, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, R.T. Botts, P.T. Anderson, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Steers Implanted With Component Te-S Or Component Te-S With Tylan, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, R.T. Botts, P.T. Anderson, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Component TE-S and Component TE-S with Tylan growth-promoting implants were compared in an experiment conducted at a commercial feedlot operation (Ward Feed Yard; Larned, Kansas) to evaluate effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred steers (n=1843; 827 lb body weight) were implanted with either Component TE-S or Component TE-S with Tylan and were fed a finishing ration based on steam-flaked corn for an average of 116 days before slaughter. Cattle were assigned randomly to the implant treatments at processing and were allotted to 12 pens, containing an average of 154 steers each. No differences were detected in dry matter …

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Effects Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Propionibacterium Freudenreichii On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Cattle, M.A. Greenquist, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Effects Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Propionibacterium Freudenreichii On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Cattle, M.A. Greenquist, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

There have been contradicting reports of the efficacy of direct-fed microbials in finishing cattle diets. Some researchers have observed improvements in daily gain and feed efficiency when direct-fed microbials are included in finishing diets, whereas others have reported no differences in dry matter intake or ruminal and blood pH. Many of these studies have been conducted on a relatively small scale and used few animals per pen compared with that of typical commercial feedlot operations. In our study, yearling crossbred beef steers and heifers (n=3,539; 796 lb body weight) were used in an experiment conducted at a commercial feedlot operation …

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Relationship Of Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Trained Sensory Panel Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks Cooked To 131 And 158°F, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.P. Grobbel, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2004

Relationship Of Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Trained Sensory Panel Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks Cooked To 131 And 158°F, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.P. Grobbel, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In a previous study, eighteen strip loins from USDA Select and premium Choice carcasses were cooked on a Magikitch'n® belt grill to determine tenderness at nine different endpoint temperatures. That study revealed that optimum Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values occurred in strip loin steaks cooked to 131°F, but current WBSF protocol requires steaks to be cooked to 158°F. Therefore, trials employing trained sensory panels (TSP) were conducted to determine the relationship of WBSF with TSP tenderness from steaks cooked to 131 and 158°F on the belt grill. As expected, panelists found steaks cooked to 131°F more tender than those cooked …

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Responses Of Lactating Holstein Cows To Low-Pressure Soaking Or High-Pressure Misting During Heat Stress (2004), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, W.F. Miller, B. Cvetkovic Jan 2004

Responses Of Lactating Holstein Cows To Low-Pressure Soaking Or High-Pressure Misting During Heat Stress (2004), Joseph P. Harner, John F. Smith, W.F. Miller, B. Cvetkovic

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Lactating dairy cattle were used to evaluate three different cooling systems. Eight cows were arranged in a replicated Latinsquare design and assigned to each of four treatments. Treatments were control, lowpressure soaking (LPS), high-pressure misting with 1.7 gallons per minute of water (HP-1.7), or high-pressure misting with 3.4 gallons per minute of water (HP-3.4). Cows were allowed to become heat stressed in a free-stall facility, and then were moved to a tie-stall barn for 2 hours of observations during four hot and humid afternoons. Respiration rates declined when heat abatement systems were used. Respiration rates at the end of the …

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Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2003, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station Jan 2004

Director's Report Of Research In Kansas 2003, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report contains the title, author, and publication information for manuscripts published by station scientists. It also contains a list of the research projects that were active during that period and a financial statement for the fiscal year.

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Effects On Overall Performance Of Feeding Commercially Grown Pigs Less Or More Than Their Lysine Requirement In Early And Late Finishing (2004), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Effects On Overall Performance Of Feeding Commercially Grown Pigs Less Or More Than Their Lysine Requirement In Early And Late Finishing (2004), R G. Main, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1154 gilts (PIC L337 × C22, initially 72.3 ± 1.7 lb) were used to determine effects on subsequent growth performance of feeding less than or at the estimated lysine requirement for optimal growth and feed efficiency in early finishing (70 to170 lb). From d 0 to 27 and d 27 to 55, pigs were fed a diet containing 2.75 and 2.25 g lysine/Mcal ME, respectively, which was less than their estimated requirement. Pigs fed at their estimated requirements were provided diets containing 3.30 and 2.75 g lysine/Mcal ME from d 0 to 27 and 27 to 55, …

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The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Total Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 20 And 50 Lb (2004), J D. Schneider, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Total Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 20 And 50 Lb (2004), J D. Schneider, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was conducted with 360 pigs (PIC, avg BW = 22.7 lb) to determine the appropriate true-ileal-digestible (TID) lysine and total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) requirement of nursery pigs, and consequently to determine the optimal TSAA-to-lysine ratio. This trial was organized as a combination of two simultaneous experiments, with one set of diets consisting of five treatments with increasing TID lysine (0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3%) and the second set of diets consisting of five treatments with increasing TID TSAA (0.56, 0.62, 0.68, 0.74, and 0.81%). The highest concentrations of both lysine and TSAA (1.3% and 0.81%, respectively) …

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Effects Of Increasing Extruded Soy-Protein Concentrate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2004), N A. Lenehan, N Z. Frantz, C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Effects Of Increasing Extruded Soy-Protein Concentrate On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2004), N A. Lenehan, N Z. Frantz, C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred and forty barrows and gilts (initially 13.0 lb and 18 ± 2 d of age at weaning) were blocked by initial weight and were allotted randomly to one of five dietary treatments. There were eight replications (pens) per treatment, with six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed experimental diets from d 0 to 14 after weaning that included a control diet containing 40% soybean meal and diets containing 7.1, 14.3, 21.4, or 28.6% extruded soy-protein concentrate. From d 14 to 28, all pigs were fed a similar diet to determine if any carry-over effects existed from the treatment …

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The Effects Of Different Feed-Grade Antibiotics On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs In A Research Environment (2004), R O. Gottlob, C W. Hastad, C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

The Effects Of Different Feed-Grade Antibiotics On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs In A Research Environment (2004), R O. Gottlob, C W. Hastad, C N. Groesbeck, K R. Lawrence, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 168 weanling pigs (initially 13.8 lb and 21 ± 3 d of age, PIC) were used to determine the effects of different feed-grade antibiotics on nursery-pig performance. Pigs were fed one of four experimental diets: control with no antibiotics; or the control diet with added Denagard/CTC (35 g/ton Denagardâ„¢, 400 g/ton Chlortetracycline); Neo-Terramycin® (140 g/ton Neomycin Sulfate, 140 g/ton Oxytetracycline HCl); or Mecadox® (Carbadox, 50 g/ton). Overall (d 0 to 28 after weaning), pigs fed diets containing Denagard/ CTC or Neo-Terramycin® had greater ADG and ADFI (P<0.05) than did pigs fed all other diets, and had improved F/G (P<0.05), compared with that of pigs fed the control diet. Also, pigs fed diets containing Mecadox® had improved ADG and F/G (P<0.05) compared with those of pigs fed the control diet. The addition of feed-grade antibiotics in swine diets resulted in improved growth performance, and pigs fed Denagard/CTC or Neo-Terramycin® had the greatest improvement in growth performance.; Swine Day, 2004, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2004

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2004 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 2004

2004 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Using Mixer Efficiency Testing To Evaluate Feed Segregation In Feed Lines (2004), C N. Groesbeck, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Using Mixer Efficiency Testing To Evaluate Feed Segregation In Feed Lines (2004), C N. Groesbeck, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was conducted to evaluate potential diet segregation in feed lines by measuring coefficient of variation (CV) and mean salt concentration. The facility was a 1500-head gestation barn with nine feed lines, transected by a central feed line that conveyed feed from one of two bulk bins. Quantab® chloride titrators were used to analyze the chloride concentration (salt) from samples collected at pre-determined feed line locations at various distances from the bulk bins. Thirty samples were collected from three feed lines (row 1, 5, and 9), ten samples were collected from drop boxes close to the central feed line …

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Interactive Effects Between Pantothenic Acid And Ractopamine Hcl (Paylean®) On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2004), C N. Groesbeck, B W. James, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Interactive Effects Between Pantothenic Acid And Ractopamine Hcl (Paylean®) On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Growing-Finishing Pigs (2004), C N. Groesbeck, B W. James, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the interactive effects between added pantothenic acid and ractopamine HCl (Paylean®) on growth performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 156 pigs (PIC, initial BW = 56.7 ± 5.8 lb) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial with ractopamine HCl (RAC; 0 or 10 ppm) and added pantothenic acid (PA; 0, 22.5, or 45 ppm). Pigs were fed the assigned PA concentrations from 56.7 to 268.1 lb (d 0 to 98), and were fed RAC for the last 28 d before slaughter. Increasing added PA had no effect (P<0.05) on ADG, ADFI, or feed efficiency (F/G) from d 0 to d 70. A PA × gender interaction (P<0.05) was observed for ADG and F/G from d 71 to 98. Increasing PA increased ADG and F/G in gilts, but not in barrows. Added RAC for the last 28 d before slaughter increased (P<0.001) ADG and F/G for d 71 to 98 and d 0 to 98. Increasing the amount of added PA had no effect (P<0.05) on carcass traits. Adding RAC increased (P<0.001) longissimus muscle area and percentage lean. In Exp. 2, the effects of added PA on N balance of finishing pigs fed RAC were evaluated. A total of 156 barrows (PIC, initial weight = 131.6 lb) were fed added PA (0, 22.5, or 45.0 ppm) for a minimum of eight weeks. A total of 44 pigs were randomly selected from the 156 initial pigs and were moved into individual stainlesssteel metabolism creates. Pigs remained on their respective PA treatments, with or without RAC (10 ppm), for 8 d, were moved out of the collection chambers, and were fed the same diets from d 8 to 28. There were no PA × RAC interactions (P<0.05) observed. Added PA had no effect (P<0.05) on N excretion, N retention, or biological value (BV). Fecal N excretion was greater (P<0.01) for pigs fed RAC, compared with that of the pigs not fed RAC, but urinary N decreased (P<0.01) for the pigs fed RAC, resulting in no difference in total excreted N. Adding RAC increased (P<0.04) BV. No PA (P<0.05) response was observed for ADG or F/G, and RAC increased (P<0.001) ADG and F/G from d 0 to 28.; Swine Day, 2004, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2004

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Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs Fed Biosaf Yeast Alone Or In Combination With In-Feed Antimicrobial (2004), B M. Hildabrand, C R. Neill, T E. Burkey, B J. Johnson, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs Fed Biosaf Yeast Alone Or In Combination With In-Feed Antimicrobial (2004), B M. Hildabrand, C R. Neill, T E. Burkey, B J. Johnson, J Ernest Minton, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 210 pigs were used in a 28-d growth study to evaluate the effects of feeding the combination antibiotic neomycin and oxytetracycline (Neo-Terra), different rates of BIOSAF yeast (0.15% or 0.3%), and the combination of Neo-Terra and BIOSAF in nursery diets. Overall, pigs fed the diet containing both Neo-Terra and 0.15% BIOSAF had greater ADG and ADFI than did pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed either concentration of BIOSAF alone (P<0.05). Furthermore, over the entire trial, pigs fed the diet containing both Neo-Terra and BIOSAF also tended to have greater ADG and ADFI than did pigs fed only Neo-Terra (P = 0.15). Pigs fed Neo-Terra had greater ADG and ADFI than did pigs fed the control diet and the diet containing 0.15% BIOSAF, but both ADG and ADFI were similar between pigs fed Neo-Terra and pigs fed 0.3% BIOSAF. Whereas BIOSAF fed alone did not significantly improve growth performance over that of control pigs, pigs fed the diet combining both Neo-Terra and 0.15% BIOSAF had a 16% improvement in ADG, compared with that of pigs fed the control diet, and had a trend for an improvement in ADG, compared with that of pigs fed the diet containing Neo-Terra without added yeast. Thus, in nursery settings where Neo-Terra will be added, addition of 0.15% BIOSAF to diets could enhance growth performance. The overall growth performance of pigs fed 0.3% BIOSAF yeast was intermediate to that of pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet containing Neo-Terra. Additional research will be required to determine definitively if a rate at, or close to, 0.3% BIOSAF can be added to nursery diets to approach growth performance observed with Neo-Terra.; Swine Day, 2004, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2004

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Feeding L-Carnitine To Gestating Sows Alters The Insulin-Like Growth-Factor System In Cultured Porcine Embryonic Muscle Cells Isolated From Fetal Skeletal Muscle (2004), A T. Waylan, B J. Johnson, D P. Gnad, J C. Woodworth Jan 2004

Feeding L-Carnitine To Gestating Sows Alters The Insulin-Like Growth-Factor System In Cultured Porcine Embryonic Muscle Cells Isolated From Fetal Skeletal Muscle (2004), A T. Waylan, B J. Johnson, D P. Gnad, J C. Woodworth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective was to determine the effects of L-carnitine on cell proliferation and on messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. Cultured porcine embryonic myoblasts (PEM) were isolated from fetuses at mid-gestation from sows fed a common gestation diet with a 50-g top dress of 0 (control, n = 6) or 100 mg of L-carnitine (n = 6). Proliferation of PEM was evaluated at 36, 48, 60, and 72 h postplating. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine growth factor mRNA concentrations in culture. The number of cells/cm2 did not differ (P>0.05) from sows fed …

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Effect Of Carnichrome® On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs In A Commercial Environment (2004), N Z. Frantz, J C. Woodworth, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Effect Of Carnichrome® On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs In A Commercial Environment (2004), N Z. Frantz, J C. Woodworth, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 43-day growth study with a total of 384 weanling pigs (14 ± 2 d of age) was conducted to evaluate the effects of Carnichrome®, a combination of L-carnitine and chromium picolinate, on growth performance of weanling pigs. Secondary objectives were to compare pigs fed diets with or without a feed-grade medication, evaluate any interactive effects between Carnichrome and medication, and identify any carryover effect once medication was withdrawn from the diet. Experimental diets were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial to compare the main effects of medication (none or Denagard/CTC, 35/400 g/ton) and Carnichrome (none, 25, and 100, …

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Comparison Of Heart Girth Or Flank-To-Flank Measurements For Predicting Sow Weight (2004), T Iwasawa, M G. Young, T P. Keegan, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Comparison Of Heart Girth Or Flank-To-Flank Measurements For Predicting Sow Weight (2004), T Iwasawa, M G. Young, T P. Keegan, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In previous Swine Day Reports we have demonstrated that feeding sows in gestation on the basis of body weight and backfat thickness is more precise and economical than methods of feeding based on visual observation of body-condition score. To simplify the weight and backfat procedure, we have estimated sow weight based on the correlation between heart girth (circumference of the sow measured behind the front legs) and weight. The objective of this study was to determine if a different sow measurement, flank to flank, would be as accurate as the heart-girth measurement. Sows were weighed and measured behind the front …

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Accelerated Growth Programs For Dairy Calves (2004), Michael J. Brouk Jan 2004

Accelerated Growth Programs For Dairy Calves (2004), Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Accelerated-growth feeding programs are the newest buzz word in calf rearing. Accelerated programs require a milk replacer containing more crude protein and less fat content than traditional milk replacers. These programs are generally phase-feeding programs that increase the amount of milk replacer as the calf advances in age. In addition, changes in the calf starter are necessary to achieve optimal performance. These programs increase weight gain during the liquid-feeding period and may positively impact calf health. Changes in the composition and amount of milk replacer used increase the cost of the accelerated program, compared with that of conventional programs. Gains …

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Impact Of Soaking Cows Housed In A Tunnel-Ventilated, Evaporative-Cooled Barn In Thailand (2004), D.V. Armstrong, John F. Smith, V Wuthironarith, Joseph P. Harner Jan 2004

Impact Of Soaking Cows Housed In A Tunnel-Ventilated, Evaporative-Cooled Barn In Thailand (2004), D.V. Armstrong, John F. Smith, V Wuthironarith, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ten multiparous lactating Holstein cows were arranged in a replicated 5 x 5 Latin Square design to evaluate the effect of soaking frequency and volume of water per soaking on lactating cows housed in a tunnel-ventilated and evaporative-cooled freestall barn. Rectal temperature, respiration rate, and body surface temperatures were measured every 5 minutes. Treatments were: control (C); soaking every 5 minutes with 0.26 gallons (5L); soaking every 5 minutes with 0.53 gallons (5H); soaking every 10 minutes with 0.26 gallons (10L); or soaking every 10 minutes with 0.53 gallons (10H). Average ambient temperature and humidity were 86.5ºF and 68% outside …

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Resynchronizing Estrus And Ovulation In Open Cows And Heifers (2004), S.M. Tiffany, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2004

Resynchronizing Estrus And Ovulation In Open Cows And Heifers (2004), S.M. Tiffany, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We compared outcomes of two protocols used to resynchronize estrus and ovulation in dairy females after found open at pregnancy checks. Replacement heifers and lactating cows in which AI occurred 41 ± 1 day earlier were presented every 2 to 3 weeks for a pregnancy check by ultrasonography. Ovaries were scanned, follicles were mapped and sized, presence of corpus luteum was noted, and GnRH was injected (day 0) . Females received PGF2" 7 days later (day 7) and then were assigned randomly to either receive estradiol cypionate (ECP) 24 hours after PGF2" (day 8; Heatsynch; n = 230) or a …

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Effects Of Round Bale Feeding Sites On Soil Fecal Bacteria And Nutrient Concentrations, N.A. Lenehan, T.T. Marston, Michael L. Christian, G.L. Marchin, Joel M. Derouchey Jan 2004

Effects Of Round Bale Feeding Sites On Soil Fecal Bacteria And Nutrient Concentrations, N.A. Lenehan, T.T. Marston, Michael L. Christian, G.L. Marchin, Joel M. Derouchey

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An experiment was conducted over seven months (January to July 2003) to evaluate fecal bacteria and nutrient concentrations in soil surrounding round bale feeders at winter feeding sites. Six-inch soil samples were taken each month from a total of ten feeding sites, at distances of 10, 40, 70, and 100 feet from each feeder. Soil samples were taken before (January) livestock access to the sites, during (February, March, and April) the feeding period, and after (May, June, and July) cattle had been removed from the sites. Results indicate that fecal bacteria concentrations increased over the duration of feeding period and …

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Near Infrared Spectroscopy As A Potential Method To Detect Bovine Respiratory Disease, J.T. Fox, M.F. Spire Jan 2004

Near Infrared Spectroscopy As A Potential Method To Detect Bovine Respiratory Disease, J.T. Fox, M.F. Spire

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bovine respiratory disease continues to be the leading cause of illness and death loss from weaning through finishing. There is no objective method to evaluate a live animal's severity of sickness or their response to treatment. A pilot study was conducted at a commercial feedyard to evaluate the ability of near infrared spectroscopy to differentiate between cattle identified as healthy and those identified as having undifferentiated Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD). At processing, 215 randomly selected 900 lb heifers were evaluated to determine tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) levels. Mean ranks of the StO2 values were 176.86 ± 5.50. One hundred cattle …

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Update On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Update On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, commonly called "mad cow disease" by members of the media, found its way into the United States and was diagnosed in December, 2003, in a Holstein dairy cow of Canadian origin. A significant disruption to the beef cattle industry immediately followed the announcement of this finding; within a matter of weeks, however, a degree of normalcy began to return to the industry. When consumers and cattle producers alike learned of the extensive firewall system that had been put in place years earlier by the USDA and the FDA to reduce the likelihood of entry of this disease …

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Addition Of Estradiol Cypionate And (Or) Calf Removal To A Modified Mga + Co-Synch Protocol For Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Of Beef Cows, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2004

Addition Of Estradiol Cypionate And (Or) Calf Removal To A Modified Mga + Co-Synch Protocol For Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Of Beef Cows, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted in 735 suckled beef cows to determine if synchronization of ovulation could be improved with estradiol cypionate (ECP) and(or) 48-hour calf removal in a modified MGA + CO-Synch protocol. All cows were fed melengestrol acetate (MGA) (0.5 mg/cow) daily for 14 days (days -32 to - 19 of the experiment) and received an injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on d -7, an injection of prostaglandin F2α(PGF) on day 0, and received a fixed-time artificial insemination (AI) at 72 hours after PGF. Treatments were applied in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Calves either remained with cows …

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In Vitro Evaluation Of Fibrolytic Enzymes To Increase Digestion Of Fibrous Feedstuffs, E.A. Elwakeel, B.J. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2004

In Vitro Evaluation Of Fibrolytic Enzymes To Increase Digestion Of Fibrous Feedstuffs, E.A. Elwakeel, B.J. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fermentations were conducted to identify enzyme activities and amounts that would optimize digestion of high-fiber feed ingredients (soybean hulls, alfalfa, corn silage, and corn gluten feed). In general, adding enzymes increased in vitro dry matter disappearance, but total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not improved by enzyme treatments. The response to enzymes was similar across substrate, suggesting that substrate specificity of the enzymes is not important. The most effective enzyme preparation had greater cellulase activity than the other enzyme preparations, suggesting that cellulase might be the most important enzymatic activity for improving digestion of fibrous feedstuffs.

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Effect Of Corn Endosperm Type And Corn Containing The Cry1f Protein On Performance Of Beef Heifers Fed Finishing Diets Based On Steam-Flaked Corn, J.J. Sindt, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, Sean P. Montgomery, F.N. Owens, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Effect Of Corn Endosperm Type And Corn Containing The Cry1f Protein On Performance Of Beef Heifers Fed Finishing Diets Based On Steam-Flaked Corn, J.J. Sindt, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, Sean P. Montgomery, F.N. Owens, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty beef heifers (initial body weight = 795 ± 18 lb) were individually fed finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn for 118 days. Dietary treatments consisted of corn hybrids containing vitreous (HARD), opaque (SOFT), or intermediate (INT) types of corn endosperm. Within the HARD endosperm type, a transgenic hybrid (HARD-GMO) containing the Herculex I Cry1F protein was compared with its nontransgenic, conventional (HARDCONV) counterpart. Dry matter intake, average daily gain, and gain efficiencies were similar among treatments. Likewise, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, and ribeye area were unaffected by dietary treatment. Heifers fed HARD-CONV were fatter than heifers fed HARD-GMO, …

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