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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

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1982

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Fed Cattle Market Is Guardedly Optimistic, Says K-State's Sands, M. Sands Jan 1982

Fed Cattle Market Is Guardedly Optimistic, Says K-State's Sands, M. Sands

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Returns to cattle feeders should move back into the profit column during most of 1982. but feeding margins will remain narrow, says Mike Sands, extension economist specializing in livestock marketing at K-State. "Most of the improvement in profitability compared with last year will result from lower feed and feeder prices, rather than a dramatic rise in fed cattle prices." he points out. With Choice steer prices expected to average in the $64-66 cwt. range during January-June. feeding returns should average on the positive side, in sharp contrast to the average $95-per-head losses suffered during the first half of 1981. Sands …

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Yield And Water Use Of Alfalfa (1982), Loyd R. Stone, Mary B. Kirkham, D.E. Johnson, E. T. Kanemasu Jan 1982

Yield And Water Use Of Alfalfa (1982), Loyd R. Stone, Mary B. Kirkham, D.E. Johnson, E. T. Kanemasu

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of Flavomycin In On-Farm Trials (1982), D S. Pollmann, D Simms, E Francis, T Orwig, F Brazle Jan 1982

Evaluation Of Flavomycin In On-Farm Trials (1982), D S. Pollmann, D Simms, E Francis, T Orwig, F Brazle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve on-farm trials with a total of 1572 pigs were conducted to evaluate the effect of Flavomycin in growing-finishing swine diets. In three of the twelve trials, average daily gain was increased (P<.06) and in seven of the trials, feed efficiency was improved numerically with Flavomycin over nonmedicated control and other feed additives (Aureomycin, Tylan, Stafac, Pen-Strep, and Lincomix). The percent improvement varied greatly by location of the trial.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Effects Of Limit-Feeding Finishing Swine On Performance And Carcass Measurements (1982), W Zook, G L. Allee Jan 1982

Effects Of Limit-Feeding Finishing Swine On Performance And Carcass Measurements (1982), W Zook, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two feeding trials with 138 crossbred pigs with an average initial weight of 129 pounds were conducted to determine the effects of limit feeding on average daily gain, feed efficiency and carcass measurements. Pigs were fed either ad libitum, restricted to 80 or 85% of ad Iibitum intake, or restricted to 2, 4 or 8 hours access to self-feeders. Average daily gain was decreased (P<.05) by reducing feed intake to 80 or 85% of ad Iibitum, and restricting pigs to 2, or 4 hours access to feed. Pigs allowed 8 hours access to feed gained at the same rate, with similar feed intake as pigs fed ad Iibitum. Feed efficiency was not different for any of the restricted fed treatments. However, pigs restricted to 80% of ad Iibitum had the best feed efficiency. Barrows and gilts responded similarly to restricted feeding.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Stunning Method And Time Interval From Stunning To Bleeding Effects On Blood Splashing In Pork (1982), D E. Burson, Melvin C. Hunt, D E. Schafer, D Beckwith, J R. Garrison Jan 1982

Stunning Method And Time Interval From Stunning To Bleeding Effects On Blood Splashing In Pork (1982), D E. Burson, Melvin C. Hunt, D E. Schafer, D Beckwith, J R. Garrison

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two studies were designed to test the effects of stunning method and time interval between stunning and bleeding on blood splashing in pork muscle. In study I, 82 market weight barrows and gilts were randomly assigned to one of two treatments using captive bolt stunning with either a short (18.5 sec) or a delayed (144.7 sec) time interval to bleeding. More (P.05) for the captive bolt-short, electric-short and electric-delayed time groups.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Effect Of Test Weight Of Hard Winter Wheat On Performance Of Finishing Swine (1982), D S. Pollmann, Robert H. Hines Jan 1982

Effect Of Test Weight Of Hard Winter Wheat On Performance Of Finishing Swine (1982), D S. Pollmann, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ninety crossbred pigs averaging 135 lbs. were used to evaluate the effect of reduced bushel weight of wheat on performance. Wheat (59 lb) fed to finishing pigs resulted in growth and feed efficiency similar to a milo base diet. Wheat of reduced bushel weight (51 lb and 45 lb) caused a linear effect upon feed efficiency because the pigs consumed more feed per day with equal average daily gain. The blending of equal parts of milo and 45 lb wheat resulted in similar growth rate and a slightly improved feed:gain ratio as compared to the pigs fed the 45 lb …

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Effect Of Scabby Wheat In Starter Pig Diets (1982), D S. Pollmann, B A. Koch Jan 1982

Effect Of Scabby Wheat In Starter Pig Diets (1982), D S. Pollmann, B A. Koch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two studies using a total of 64 starter pigs (averaging 16-18 lbs initial weight) to evaluate the influence of varying levels of vornitoxin-contaminated wheat on performance was conducted. In both trials it appears that when vomitoxin levels exceed 1 ppm, a reduction in performance was evident. Feed refusal was evident particularly the first week on the vomitoxin-contaminated wheat. No symptoms of sickness, nor an influence on tissue size and function, were observed. The pigs were unable to compensate for depression in gains after withdrawal of vomitoxin-contaminated wheat.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Influence Of Nonviable Lactobacillus Fermentation Product In Artificially Reared Pigs Challenged With E. Coli (1982), D S. Pollmann, G A. Kennedy, B A. Koch, G L. Allee Jan 1982

Influence Of Nonviable Lactobacillus Fermentation Product In Artificially Reared Pigs Challenged With E. Coli (1982), D S. Pollmann, G A. Kennedy, B A. Koch, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to determine the influence of non viable lactobacillus fermentation product (LFP) in artificially reared pigs removed from sows at 24 to 36 hours postpartum. The pigs were fed a non-medicated milk replacer for 21 days in individual cages in an environmentally controlled room. In Trial I, 5 levels (0, .25, .5, 1.0, and 2.0 ml per pig per day) of LFP were used to determine the dosage rate on growth, feed efficiency, mortality rate, white blood cell count, and hematocrit (8 pigs per treatment). No detectable dosage rate was obvserved in Trial I. In Trial II, …

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Lysine And Dried Whey Additions In Starter Pig Diets (1982), D S. Pollmann, G A. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1982

Lysine And Dried Whey Additions In Starter Pig Diets (1982), D S. Pollmann, G A. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 943 newly weaned (18 to 30 days of age) pigs were used in five trials to evaluate the addition of lysine and dried whey in starter diets. The results of these studies show that the lysine requirement is 1.2 to 1.3% during the nursery phase (up to approximately 50 lbs). When lysine levels are greater than 1.3% with added L-Iysine monohydrochloride, a reduction in performance will be evident (P<.05). Rolled dried whey appears to be inferior (P<.10) to spray dried whey in starter pig diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Effects Of Whey Products On Performance Of Weaned Pigs (1982), S Pope, G L. Allee Jan 1982

Effects Of Whey Products On Performance Of Weaned Pigs (1982), S Pope, G L. Allee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three trials were conducted utilizing 458 pigs with an average age of 21 days to study the effects of adding whole whey, or partially delactosed whey from two sources in the diet of weaned pigs on growth, feed intake, and feed efficiency. Additionally, the optimum length of time to feed whole whey and the relationship of age at weaning and addition of whey to the diet were studied. The addition of whey to the diets increased performance of the pigs by 2 to 3 pounds at 8 weeks of age. Pigs fed 20% whole whey diets for 2 weeks performed …

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Cell-Mediated Immunity In Weaned Pigs (1982), Frank Blecha, D S. Pollmann, David A. Nichols Jan 1982

Cell-Mediated Immunity In Weaned Pigs (1982), Frank Blecha, D S. Pollmann, David A. Nichols

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The stress of weaning lowers cellular immune reactivity in 2-, 3- and 4-week-old pigs. However, pigs weaned at 5 weeks of age do not exhibit altered cell-mediated immune reactivity. Those changes could alter disease susceptibility in young pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Computerized Heat Loss Evaluation Of Farrowing Houses (1982), H C. George, C K. Spillman, Robert H. Hines Jan 1982

Computerized Heat Loss Evaluation Of Farrowing Houses (1982), H C. George, C K. Spillman, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Accurate and concise heat loss analysis is available through a computer program to help producers. The economic benefit of insulating a new structure or increasing the insulation level of each of the building parts (ceiling, walls, windows, etc.) is calculated by the program. Ventilation is evaluated to assist the swine producer in understanding proper ventilation rates.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Birth Sequence And Its Effects On Litter Size (1982), J D. Wheat, M S. Suba, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines Jan 1982

Birth Sequence And Its Effects On Litter Size (1982), J D. Wheat, M S. Suba, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Average farrowing interval and duration were 15.8 and 143.8 minutes for 1766 pigs born in 169 litters. Pigs born later in the litter were larger (r=.43) at birth. The correlation was -.14 between farrowing interval, average time between the birth of pigs within the litter, and litter 21-day weight. Sixteen pigs were classified as mummies and their birth sequences ranged from 1 to 15 with an average of 6.5. In 53.5 percent of the litters, the first pig born was a gilt and in 18.4 percent of the litters the first pig born was the largest in the litter. However, …

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Value Of Sprinklers To Reduce Heat Stress Of Lactating Sows (1982), David A. Nichols, James P. Murphy, D S. Pollmann, D R. Ames Jan 1982

Value Of Sprinklers To Reduce Heat Stress Of Lactating Sows (1982), David A. Nichols, James P. Murphy, D S. Pollmann, D R. Ames

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twenty-eight sows and gilts were used to evaluate the value of drip sprinkling to reduce heat stress during lactation. Sprinkled sows had significantly lower respiration rates (P<.05) and consumed significantly more feed during the 21-day lactation. Number of pigs born live, dead, and weaned were not affected by sprinkling. Sprinkled sows tended to wean heavier pigs and lose less weight during lactation but these differences were not significant. These results indicate that a drip cooling for lactating sows is a low cost, effective method to reduce heat stress.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Influence Of Supplemental Light On Sow Performance During And After Lactation (1982), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, D S. Pollmann, Duane L. Davis, James P. Murphy Jan 1982

Influence Of Supplemental Light On Sow Performance During And After Lactation (1982), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, D S. Pollmann, Duane L. Davis, James P. Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study involving 327 crossbred sows was conducted to determine whether providing supplemental light in farrowing rooms would influence litter weight, number of pigs weaned, piglet survival rate, and subsequent rebreeding performance of sows exposed to 16 hr supplemental light/day during lactation. Litter weight was increased 7.7 lbs or .85 lb per pig weaned. More sows exposed to 16 hr light (83%) were mated by 5 days after weaning than were control sows (68%).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Comparison Of Gleptosil With Iron Dextran For Anemia Prevention In Young Pigs (1982), D S. Pollmann, J E. Smith, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, D A. Schoneweis, Robert H. Hines Jan 1982

Comparison Of Gleptosil With Iron Dextran For Anemia Prevention In Young Pigs (1982), D S. Pollmann, J E. Smith, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, D A. Schoneweis, Robert H. Hines

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Gleptosil, a commercial iron product, was compared with iron dextran for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in young pigs. Using 26 litters, pigs (within each litter) were randomly allotted to one of the three treatments: 1) control (no iron), 2) iron dextran (200 mg) and 3) Gleptosil (2OO mg). Blood was collected at 0, 10, 21 and 50 days post-treatment for red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration, serum iron concentration and serum iron-binding capacity (IBC). At 21 days, 30 pigs (one pig/treatment from each of 10 litters) were killed to determine mg non-heme iron (NHFe) …

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Effect Of Particle Size And Physical Form On Digestibility Of Sun-Cured Alfalfa For Pregnant Sows (1982), L J. Nuzback, D S. Pollmann, Keith C. Behnke Jan 1982

Effect Of Particle Size And Physical Form On Digestibility Of Sun-Cured Alfalfa For Pregnant Sows (1982), L J. Nuzback, D S. Pollmann, Keith C. Behnke

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixteen pregnant crossbred sows (second parity) were employed in a digestion trial to evaluate the effect of particle size and physical form of sun-cured alfalfa. The treatment consisted of 1/4 inch meal, 1/4 inch pelleted, 1/2 inch meal, and ½ inch meal pelleted. Utilization of dry matter (DM), digestible energy (DE) and fiber components increased (P<.05) with the 1/4 inch particle size compared to 1/2 inch. Nitrogen utilization was not affected by the two particle sizes. Cellulose digestibility increased (P<.05) when pelleted but other digestion coefficients were not affected. During the third trimester, digestibility of DM, energy and fiber components increased (P<.05) compared to the first trimester. Apparent nitrogen digestibility increased (P<.05) in the third trimester but nitrogen balance and nitrogen retention decreased. The results of this study indicate that alfalfa is equally digested as meal or pellets and increased utilization by gestating sows can be expected with decreased particle size.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Eleven-Year Summary Of Ksu On-Farm Swine Testing Program (1982), David A. Nichols, D S. Pollmann, W G. Olson Jan 1982

Eleven-Year Summary Of Ksu On-Farm Swine Testing Program (1982), David A. Nichols, D S. Pollmann, W G. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Records of approximately 11,000 boars and 6,000 gilts enrolled in the KSU on-farm swine test program were summarized. Both boars and gilts reached 220 lbs 5 days sooner in 1980 than 1970. Of the traits evaluated, the largest improvement was a reduction in backfat thickness of 25% from 1970 to 1980. Loin-eye area increased from 1970 to 1975 but declined from 1975 to 1980.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Fertility With Artificial Insemination: Gilts That Lock On The Insemination Spirette Vs. Those That Don't (1982), W E. Schmidt, Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1982

Fertility With Artificial Insemination: Gilts That Lock On The Insemination Spirette Vs. Those That Don't (1982), W E. Schmidt, Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

KSU breeding records show a higher farrowing rate for gilts that "lock" on the insemination spirette at both inseminations as opposed to gilts that "lock" at one insemination or at neither insemination. Continued research is focusing on factors affecting female response to insemination and fertility.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Pregnant Sow Behavior When Housed In Groups And Singly (1982), J V. Craig Jan 1982

Pregnant Sow Behavior When Housed In Groups And Singly (1982), J V. Craig

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pregnant sow housing varies considerably from area to area in Australia. Thus, group housing amounts to less than 10% in Queensland, but probably exceeds 50% in Victoria. Confinement of pregnant sows in individual stalls is the most common alternative to group housing, but sows on some farms are separated from each other by tethers. When group housing is replaced by individual stalls or tethers, piggery managers often cite "bullying" of subordinate sows by dominant ones, especially during feeding, as a major problem leading to the change. Nevertheless, animal welfare proponents object to physical isolation of pregnant sows. McBride proposes that …

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Boar Rearing: The Influence Of Group Vs Individual Penning From Weaning To 27 Weeks Of Age (1982), S T. Tonn, J V. Craig, Duane L. Davis Jan 1982

Boar Rearing: The Influence Of Group Vs Individual Penning From Weaning To 27 Weeks Of Age (1982), S T. Tonn, J V. Craig, Duane L. Davis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We compared mating performance and soundness of feet and legs of boars which were reared in group vs individual pens. Individually penned boars consumed more feed from 6 to 12 weeks of age and were heavier at 12 weeks of age. However, individually penned boars also were more unsound and tended to score lower in mating tests.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Does Combiotic Administration At Artificial Insemination Improve Fertility? (1982), Duane L. Davis, W E. Scmidt, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1982

Does Combiotic Administration At Artificial Insemination Improve Fertility? (1982), Duane L. Davis, W E. Scmidt, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Injecting gilts with 10 cc's combiotic at artificial insemination did not improve farrowing rate or litter size.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982

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Economics, Veterinary Service And Herd Health Programs (1982), Steven C. Henry Jan 1982

Economics, Veterinary Service And Herd Health Programs (1982), Steven C. Henry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Among the many changes in the swine industry during the past two decades, the concept of "Herd Health Programs" came to be. Still a buzz word with poorly defined activities, "Herd Health Programs" are part of our industry. Just listen in the halls during producer or veterinary meetings -- we discuss getting one, already having one, offering one, getting into the business of delivering several of them -- and none of us is quite sure what "one" is and, most of all, what it's worth. There should be no surprise that neither of us, producer or veterinarian, really has the …

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Alfalfa Silages And Hay And Corn Supplementation For Yearling Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Hinds, J. Hoover Jan 1982

Alfalfa Silages And Hay And Corn Supplementation For Yearling Steers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Hinds, J. Hoover

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four alfalfa forages were evaluated: 1) hay; 2) low-dry matter (DM) silage; 3) medium-DM silage; and 4) high-DM silage. All forages were full-fed along with 2 lb of supplement or supplement plus 2 or 4 lb of cracked corn. Calves fed hay or medium-DM silage had the fastest and most efficient gains. Hay had the highest intake; low-DM silage, the lowest. Adding corn to the ration improved calf performance slightly, but feed costs per lb of gain were similar for all three levels of corn supplementation. Low- and medium-DM silages were better preserved than high-DM silage, which contained considerable spoilage …

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Forage Sorghum Silage And Summer Annual Silage And Hays For Growing Steers And Heifers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Nuwanyakpa, Gerry L. Posler Jan 1982

Forage Sorghum Silage And Summer Annual Silage And Hays For Growing Steers And Heifers, K. Bolsen, H. Ilg, M. Nuwanyakpa, Gerry L. Posler

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sorghum-Sudan hay and silage and sudangrass hay were compared with forage sorghum silage in an 80-day growing trial involving 60 calves. Calves fed forage sorghum gained 14% faster than those fed sudangrass hay (P<.05). Calves fed either of the two silages consumed less feed (P<.05) but were more efficient (P<.05) than those fed either of the two hays. This and two previous trials indicate that early-harvested summer annual silages and hays produce similar rates of gain but that silages are used 10 to 20% more efficiently by growing cattle. These forages have 75 to 90% of the relative feeding value of average-quality forage sorghum silage. With crude protein content of 12 to 15%, our summer annuals required little, if any, supplemental protein.

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Effects Of Ralgro Implants On Growth, Sexual Development, Carcass Characteristics, And Eating Quality Of Bulls Implanted From Birth To Slaughter, J. R. Greathouse, M. C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman, L. R. Corah, Curtis Kastner, R. J. Pruitt Jan 1982

Effects Of Ralgro Implants On Growth, Sexual Development, Carcass Characteristics, And Eating Quality Of Bulls Implanted From Birth To Slaughter, J. R. Greathouse, M. C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman, L. R. Corah, Curtis Kastner, R. J. Pruitt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growth, performance, sexual development, carcass characteristics, and eating quality were evaluated on 40 fall-born Angus bulls. Twenty of the bulls were implanted five times with Ralgro at an average interval of 106 days, beginning near birth. The other 20 bulls served as nonimplanted controls. Bull calves remained with their dams on native southeast Kansas pasture for an average of 320 days; they were then allotted to drylot pens (feedlot beginning) and placed on a 75% concentrate ration. Bulls from each treatment were fed to target weights of 1000 and 1100 pounds, and then slaughtered.

Ralgro implanting increased average daily gain …

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1982 Report Of Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, R. E. Lamond, J. L. Moyer, K. W. Kelley, L. W. Lomas Jan 1982

1982 Report Of Agricultural Research, Southeast Kansas Branch Station, R. E. Lamond, J. L. Moyer, K. W. Kelley, L. W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Through annual research reports the Southeast Kansas Branch Experiment Station attempts to keep the area's consumers and producers of agricultural products informed on the Station's research accomplishments. In serving the area, we conduct research at fields located at Parsons, site of the headquarters; at Mound Valley, the original location of the Branch Station; and at Columbus, which has been in the Kansas State University research system for nearly 60 years. This report for 1981 covers four areas of research emphasis: Soil and Water Management, Forages, Crops, and Beef Cattle. We sincerely hope that it will be useful to area producers …

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Sila-Bac And Molasses Additives For High Moisture Sorghum Grain, J.I. Heidker, H. Ilg, Keith C. Behnke, K. Bolsen Jan 1982

Sila-Bac And Molasses Additives For High Moisture Sorghum Grain, J.I. Heidker, H. Ilg, Keith C. Behnke, K. Bolsen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sila-bac, molasses, or both combined were evaluated as additives for ensiled high moisture sorghum grain. Control grain had the greatest increase in temperature during ensiling. Grain treated with Sila-bac had the highest lactobacilli count but control grain had the fastest drop in pH. Sila-bac grain was the most stable in air and remained stable for 30 days. Control grain was stable for 21 days; grain treated with molasses or molasses plus Sila-bac was stable until day 5. Group-fed steers receiving Sila-bac grain gained faster and were more efficient than steers fed control or molasses-treated grain. Individually fed steers gained fastest …

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Effect Of Bovatec® And Synovex-S® Implants On Finishing Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas Jan 1982

Effect Of Bovatec® And Synovex-S® Implants On Finishing Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cattle fed Bovatec consumed 18.3% less feed and were 19.4% more efficient in feed conversion than controls, with no effect on gain. Synovex-S implants improved gain by 8.2% with no effect on feed intake and feed efficiency. The effects of Bovatec and Synovex-S were additive.

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Stocking Rate And Supplementation For Steers Grazing Intensively On Early-Stocked Bluestem Pasture, R. Held, E.F. Smith, Jack G. Riley, Clenton E. Owensby Jan 1982

Stocking Rate And Supplementation For Steers Grazing Intensively On Early-Stocked Bluestem Pasture, R. Held, E.F. Smith, Jack G. Riley, Clenton E. Owensby

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Native bluestem pastures were grazed by 520-lb steers from April 30 to July 14 at stocking rates of 1.7, 1.3 and 1.1 acres per steer. Daily gain of the steers was about the same for the two heavier stocking rates, but was slightly lower for the lightest rate (1.7 acres/steer). The gain per acre increased with each increase in stocking rate. Half of the steers were self-fed a salt-limited sorghum grain-rumensin mixture. Each steer consuming approximately 1.5 pounds per day of this mixture gained about a half a pound more per day (P<.05) than did each steer not fed the supplement (1.77 vs 1.27 lbs.). Gain per acre was increased by 33 lbs. with the supplementation.

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