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Five New Species Of Acanthobothrium Van Beneden, 1849 (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) In Stingrays From The Gulf Of Nicoya, Costa Rica, Fernando Marques, Daniel R. Brooks, William Scott Monks
Five New Species Of Acanthobothrium Van Beneden, 1849 (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) In Stingrays From The Gulf Of Nicoya, Costa Rica, Fernando Marques, Daniel R. Brooks, William Scott Monks
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Five new species of Acanthobothrium are described in stingrays from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. Acanthobothrium costarricense n. sp. in Dasyatis longus, most similar to Acanthobothrium lilium, Acanthobothrium lineatum, and Acanthobothrium himanturi, has bothridial hooks averaging 125 μm (lateral) and 145 μm (medial) long, an average of 47 testes per proglottis, cirrus sacs averaging 187 μm long, and asymmetrical ovarian lobes with poral lobes reaching the posterior margin of the cirrus sac, and aporal lobes reaching the middle of the cirrus sac. Acanthobothrium cimari n. sp. in D. longus, most similar to A. lilium …
Systematics, Ecology, And Behavior: Integrating Phylogenetic Patterns And Evolutionary Mechanisms, Daniel R. Brooks, Deborah A. Mclennan, James M. Carpenter, Stephen G. Weller, Jonathan A. Coddington
Systematics, Ecology, And Behavior: Integrating Phylogenetic Patterns And Evolutionary Mechanisms, Daniel R. Brooks, Deborah A. Mclennan, James M. Carpenter, Stephen G. Weller, Jonathan A. Coddington
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Explores the use of systematic biology techniques to explain human social systems.
Obituary: Francis Hollis Fay, 1927-1994, Robert L. Rausch
Obituary: Francis Hollis Fay, 1927-1994, Robert L. Rausch
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
An obituary of mammalogist Francis Hollis Fay, 1927-1994.
Serendipidae Evenhuis, 1994 (Insecta: Diptera) And Serendipidae Brooks And Barriga, 1995 (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda): Proposed Removal Of Homonymy, Daniel R. Brooks, Neal L. Evenhuis
Serendipidae Evenhuis, 1994 (Insecta: Diptera) And Serendipidae Brooks And Barriga, 1995 (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda): Proposed Removal Of Homonymy, Daniel R. Brooks, Neal L. Evenhuis
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Homonymy between names in the family group may result from similarity, but not identity of the names of their type genera. Such a case involves Serendipa Evenhuis, 1994 and Serendip Brooks and Barriga, 1995. Evenhuis (1994) proposed Serendipa to replace Paratendipes Hong and Wang, 1990 and the Paratendipedidae Hong and Wang, 1990, which had been proposed for P. laiyangensis, a fossil dipteran from Upper Jurassic deposits in China. Evenhuis (1994) reported that Paratendipes Hong and Wang, 1990 was preoccupied by Paratendipes Kieffer, 1911, necessitating the change. Consequently, Paratendipedidae Hong and Wang, 1990 became Serendipidae Evenhuis, 1994.
Proteocephalus Chamelensis N. Sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) From The "Guavina" Gobiomorus Maculatus (Osteichthyes: Eleotrididae) In Chamela Bay, Jalisco, México, Gerardo Pérez Ponce De León, Daniel R. Brooks, Reva Berman
Proteocephalus Chamelensis N. Sp. (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) From The "Guavina" Gobiomorus Maculatus (Osteichthyes: Eleotrididae) In Chamela Bay, Jalisco, México, Gerardo Pérez Ponce De León, Daniel R. Brooks, Reva Berman
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
A new species of Proteocephalus inhabiting the eleotridid estuarine fish Gobiomorus maculatus is described from Chamela Bay, Jalisco State, Mexico. The new species and P. pugetensis are nearly identical in strobila length, presence of a vestigial apical organ, having vaginae only anterior to the cirrus sac, an average of 4-7 uterine diverticula per proglottis, and a ratio of cirrus sac length to proglottis width averaging approximately 1:4. Proteocephalus pugetensis differs from the new species by having an average of 35 rather than 68 testes per proglottis, vitelline follicles terminating posteriorly at the level of the anterior margin of the ovary …
The Enterobiinae Subfam. Nov. (Nematoda, Oxyurida) Pinworm Parasites Of Primates And Rodents, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Scott Lyell Gardner, Serge Morand
The Enterobiinae Subfam. Nov. (Nematoda, Oxyurida) Pinworm Parasites Of Primates And Rodents, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Scott Lyell Gardner, Serge Morand
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Hugot J. P., Gardner S. L. & Morand S. 1996. The Enterobiinae subfam. nov. (Nematoda, Oxyurida) pinworm parasites of primates and rodents. International Journal for Parasitology26: 147-159. Recent redescriptions of most members of the Oxyuridae Cobbold, 1864 parasitic in primates revealed that they share following derived characters: sexual dimorphism of lateral alae (single-crested in the males, doublecrested in the females); in males a second pair of genital papillae always surrounded by strongly cuticularized rings; in females, uterine tube divided into 2 parts by a cellular wall forming a diaphragm. These characters are interpreted as synapomorphies, providing evidence that these …
Characterization Of Two Steinernema Scapterisci Populations (Nemata: Steinernematidae) Using Morphology And Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna Markers, S. P. Stock, Scott Lyell Gardner, F. F. Wu, H K. Kaya
Characterization Of Two Steinernema Scapterisci Populations (Nemata: Steinernematidae) Using Morphology And Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna Markers, S. P. Stock, Scott Lyell Gardner, F. F. Wu, H K. Kaya
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
The entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema scapterisci (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), was originally isolated from the mole cricket Scapteriscus vicinus (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Uruguay. Subsequently, a population of S. scapterisci was isolated from the mole cricket S. borellii in Colon, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Because of the distance between the nematode isolates from Uruguay and Argentina and the different Scapteriscus species from which they were isolated, a study to examine the possible heterogeneity of S. scapterisci populations over space was conducted. Morphological variation was correlated with random amplified polymorphic DNA markers.
Three New Eimerians In Capybara (Hydrochaeris Hydrochaeris) Populations From Eastern Bolivia And Southern Venezuela, M. C. Casas, Donald W. Duszynski, L. M. Zalles
Three New Eimerians In Capybara (Hydrochaeris Hydrochaeris) Populations From Eastern Bolivia And Southern Venezuela, M. C. Casas, Donald W. Duszynski, L. M. Zalles
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
From June to August 1993, fecal samples were collected from the intestinal tract of 13 juvenile, 4 pre-adult, and 25 adult capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L.) from 10 localities in eastern Bolivia; additionally, 19 fresh fecal samples were collected in 1994 from capybara herds at 2 localities in south central Venezuela. Oocysts of 3 eimerians were recovered from the capybara populations in both countries and, after study, are described here as new species. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria trinidadensis n. sp. are subspheroidal, 20.9 x 18.1 (18-23 x 16.5-21) μm with sporocysts ovoidal, 9.8 x 6.1 (8-12 x 5-8) μm. Micropyle …
Acanthobothrium Nicoyaense N. Sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) In Aetobatus Narinari (Euphrasen) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) From The Gulf Of Nicoya, Costa Rica, Daniel R. Brooks, Sharon Mccorquodale
Acanthobothrium Nicoyaense N. Sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Onchobothriidae) In Aetobatus Narinari (Euphrasen) (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) From The Gulf Of Nicoya, Costa Rica, Daniel R. Brooks, Sharon Mccorquodale
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
A new species of Acanthobothrium in Aetobatus narinari from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, most closely resembles Acanthobothrium colombianum in the same host and A. urotrygoni in Urotrygon venezuelae from Cartagena, Colombia, by having relatively few proglottides per strobila, spinose cephalic peduncles, bothridial margins free at their posterior ends, and irregularly shaped rather than spherical or elongate cirrus sacs. Acanthobothrium colombianum differs from the new species by being as much as 35 mm rather than no more than 4.7 mm long and by having 31-48 rather than 13-19 proglottides, an average of 46 rather than 15 testes per proglottis, …
Phylogenetic Relationships Of The Genera Of The Pronocephalidae Looss, 1902 (Digenea: Paramphistomiformes), Gerardo Pérez Ponce De León, Daniel R. Brooks
Phylogenetic Relationships Of The Genera Of The Pronocephalidae Looss, 1902 (Digenea: Paramphistomiformes), Gerardo Pérez Ponce De León, Daniel R. Brooks
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Quantitative phylogenetic analysis of 20 nominal genera of the Pronocephalidae based on 47 morphological transformation series produced 6 equally parsimonious trees, each with a consistency index of 77.8%. All trees agree that Adenogaster is the sister group to the rest of the pronocephalids, and a new subfamily is proposed for it. The Pronocephalinae comprises Pronocephalus, Ruicephalus, Neopronocephalus, Macravestibulum, Choanophorus, Cetiosaccus, and Metacetabulum. The Charaxicephalinae comprises Charaxicephalus, Desmogonius, Diaschistorchis, Pleurogonius, Iguanacola, Renigonius, Parapleurogonius, Himasomum, Pyelosomum, Cricocephalus, Barisomum, and Pseudobarisomum. An amended diagnosis …
Phylogenetic Relationships Among The Species Of Pyelosomum Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Pronocephalidae), Gerardo Perez-Ponce De Leon, Daniel R. Brooks
Phylogenetic Relationships Among The Species Of Pyelosomum Looss, 1899 (Digenea: Pronocephalidae), Gerardo Perez-Ponce De Leon, Daniel R. Brooks
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Comparative morphological study of 10 nominal species of pronocephalids forming a clade diagnosed by plump rounded bodies, sinuous ceca, and short esophagi supports the recognition of 7 species, with Pyelosomum longicaecum a junior synonym of P. renicapite, and P. solum and Myosaccus chelonei species incertae sedis. Phylogenetic analysis of the 7 recognized species, based on 18 morphological transformation series, produced a single tree with a consistency index of 86%. That tree suggests that Pyelosomum is paraphyletic unless Astrorchis, Epibathra, and Myosaccus are included in it. Accordingly, all are considered junior synonyms of Pyelosomum. Epibathra stenobursata is …
Morphology And Morphometrics Of Three Oxyurids Parasitic In Primates With A Description Of Lemuricola Microcebi N. Sp., Jean-Pierre Hugot, Serge Morand, Scott Lyell Gardner
Morphology And Morphometrics Of Three Oxyurids Parasitic In Primates With A Description Of Lemuricola Microcebi N. Sp., Jean-Pierre Hugot, Serge Morand, Scott Lyell Gardner
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Morphology and morphometrics of three oxyurids parasitic in primates with a description of Lemuricola microcebi n. sp. Classical and morphometric analyses were conducted on several samples of oxyurid nematodes parasitic in strepsirrhine primates: Cheirogaleus major, Galago senegalensis, and Microcebus murinus. A diagnosis of Lemuricola contagiosus Chabaud & Petter, 1959 from C. major is given using syntypes, from which a lectotype is selected. The rest of the specimens were compared to L. contagiosus. From measurements taken from each sex, an initial Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on log-transformed data and a second PCA was performed on …
Serendip Deborahae N. Gen. And N. Sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Serendipidae N. Fam.) In Rhinoptera Steindachneri Evermann And Jenkins, 1891 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) From Southeastern Ecuador, Daniel R. Brooks, Ramiro Barriga
Serendip Deborahae N. Gen. And N. Sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Serendipidae N. Fam.) In Rhinoptera Steindachneri Evermann And Jenkins, 1891 (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) From Southeastern Ecuador, Daniel R. Brooks, Ramiro Barriga
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Cestodes collected in spiral valves of Rhinoptera steindachneri from the southern coast of Ecuador represent an undescribed species of Tetraphyllidea. The new species has bothridia possessing septa but lacking apical suckers. It is diagnosably distinct from all other tetraphyllidean genera by possessing a scolex comprising 4 triangular bothridia that are fused together forming a platelike structure, each of which is subdivided by 2 simple and 1 bifurcating septa radiating from its base and ringed by marginal loculi; therefore, a new genus is proposed for it. By exhibiting some degree of bothridial fusion, testes arranged in 2 layers in the proglottis …
A New Pinworm, Didelphoxyuris Thylamisis N. Gen., N. Sp. (Nematoda: Oxyurida) From Thylamys Elegans (Waterhouse, 1839) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) In Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Jean-Pierre Hugot
A New Pinworm, Didelphoxyuris Thylamisis N. Gen., N. Sp. (Nematoda: Oxyurida) From Thylamys Elegans (Waterhouse, 1839) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) In Bolivia, Scott Lyell Gardner, Jean-Pierre Hugot
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Didelphoxyuris thylamisis n. gen., n. sp. is described from the caecum of Thylamys elegans (Waterhouse, 1839) (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) collected in the eastern region of the Andes of Bolivia. Didelphoxyuris thylamisis n. sp. differs from the only pinworm described from marsupials in the Neotropics (Neohilgertia venusti Navone, Suriano et Pujol, 1990) in having only three oesophageal teeth, non-operculated eggs, females that are didelphic, and males that possess no preanal papillae. Several other species of pinworms have been described from marsupials in Australia, but all are characterized by possessing a buccal capsule that is strongly cuticularized with inter-radial lamellae. These structures …
Microevolution And The Genetic Structure Of Parasite Populations, Steven A. Nadler
Microevolution And The Genetic Structure Of Parasite Populations, Steven A. Nadler
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
The development of polymerase chain reaction-based methods for assessing the genotypes of small individual organisms will promote groundbreaking investigations of the genetic architecture of parasite populations. Both quantitative genetic models and general knowledge of parasite natural history are useful for making general predictions about the distribution of genetic variation over geographic space. However, designing experimental studies to assess relationships between specific life history variables and patterns of genetic structure in natural populations will be challenging. Traditional biochemical-genetic methods have already been used to study a limited number of parasite populations, and inferred patterns of genetic structure are distinctly different between …
Critical Comments: Parasitology Year 2000, Albert O. Bush, Janine N. Caira, Dennis J. Minchella, Steven A. Nadler, John R. Seed
Critical Comments: Parasitology Year 2000, Albert O. Bush, Janine N. Caira, Dennis J. Minchella, Steven A. Nadler, John R. Seed
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
We predict that in order for parasitology to thrive by the year 2000 the various subdisciplines of evolution, ecology, biosystematics, and genetics must develop holistic approaches and use parasite models to answer basic biological questions. The students of tomorrow must work as part of a multidisciplinary team; and their questions and answers must be conceptually integrated into the broader biological framework of evolution and ecology.
Caryospora Simplex (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From A Captive Kaznakov's Viper (Vipera Kaznakovi), Patricia G. Wilber, John A. Hnida, Michael J. Richard, Donald W. Duszynski
Caryospora Simplex (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) From A Captive Kaznakov's Viper (Vipera Kaznakovi), Patricia G. Wilber, John A. Hnida, Michael J. Richard, Donald W. Duszynski
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Caryospora simplex is reported for the first time from the feces of a captive female Kaznakov’s viper (Vipera kaznakovi) in Albuquerque, New Mexico (USA). Coccidian meronts and gamonts were observed in the intestinal epithelial cells of another female Kaznakov’s viper that died in October 1993.
Anophryocephalus Inuitorum Sp. Nov. And A. Arcticensis Sp. Nov. (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae) In Ringed Seals (Phoca Hispida Hispida) And Harp Seals (Phoca Groenlandica) From High-Latitude Seas Of Eastern Canada And The Arctic Basin, Eric P. Hoberg, Lena N. Measures
Anophryocephalus Inuitorum Sp. Nov. And A. Arcticensis Sp. Nov. (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae) In Ringed Seals (Phoca Hispida Hispida) And Harp Seals (Phoca Groenlandica) From High-Latitude Seas Of Eastern Canada And The Arctic Basin, Eric P. Hoberg, Lena N. Measures
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Anophryocephalus inuitorum sp. nov. and A. arcticensis sp. nov. are described from ringed seals (Phoca hispida hispida) in the eastern Canadian Arctic; the latter species is also reported from harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Anophryocephalus inuitorum is most similar to A. skrjabini, but can be distinguished by fewer testes (14-27) and smaller dimensions of the strobila, neck (3.0-5.9 mm long), and cirrus sac (31-70 μm long), diameter of the genital atrium (44 -68 pm), and length of the male canal (23-42 μm long). Anophyrocephulus arcticensis resembles A. nunivakensis in the …
Caridean Shrimps Associated With The Slimy Sea Plume (Pseudopterogorigia Americana) In Midsummer At Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, West Indies, Stephen Spotte, Patricia M. Bubucis, Robin M. Overstreet
Caridean Shrimps Associated With The Slimy Sea Plume (Pseudopterogorigia Americana) In Midsummer At Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, West Indies, Stephen Spotte, Patricia M. Bubucis, Robin M. Overstreet
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Fifty-one slimy sea plumes (Pseudopterogorgia americana Gmelin, 1791) were sampled for caridean shrimps at Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, during one week in July 1992. Sam- pling depth ranged from 3-22 m. Nine species were collected: Hippolyte nicholsoni Chace, 1972; Latreutes sp.; Neopontonides chacei Heard, 1986; Perclimenes cf. patae Heard and Spotte, 1991; Periclimenes cf. pauper Holthuis, 1951; Periclimenes sp.; Pseudocoutierea antillensis Chace, 1972; Tozeuma cf. cornutum Milne Edwards, 1881; and Trachycaris rugosa (Bate, 1888). A total of 1,418 specimens (including fragments) was obtained. The number of shrimp species per gorgonian ranged from 1-5; one gorgonian harbored 156 shrimps. …
Genetic Structure Of Midwestern Ascaris Suum Populations: A Comparison Of Isoenzyme And Rapd Markers, Steven A. Nadler, Rachel L. Lindquist, Thomas J. Near
Genetic Structure Of Midwestern Ascaris Suum Populations: A Comparison Of Isoenzyme And Rapd Markers, Steven A. Nadler, Rachel L. Lindquist, Thomas J. Near
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Isoenzyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to characterize the genetics of geographic variation among population samples of Ascaris suum from midwestern localities. Independent estimates of fixation indices (FST) based on isoenzyme and RAPD markers showed the same general patterns of differentiation and substantial statistical correlation (r=0.70). Of the total estimated gene diversity, 9.4% (isoenzyme) and 9.2% (RAPD) was distributed among infrapopulations. Geographic localities accounted for 7.8% (isoenzyme) and 6.2% (RAPD) of the total gene diversity. Only infrapopulations and localities, which indicates significant population subdivision among A. suum from farms within geographic regions. Departures from …
Comparative Morphology Of The Scolices And Microtriches Among Five Species Of Tetrabothrius (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae), Eric P. Hoberg, D. E. Sims, P. H. Odense
Comparative Morphology Of The Scolices And Microtriches Among Five Species Of Tetrabothrius (Eucestoda: Tetrabothriidae), Eric P. Hoberg, D. E. Sims, P. H. Odense
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
The structure of the scolex, neck, and adjacent strobila of 5 species of Tetrabothrius was evaluated using low to high magnification scanning electron miscroscopy. Species-specific patterns and morphotypes (spiniform, papilliform, and filiform) of microtriches were found on scolices and strobilar tegument of Tetrabothrius (Oriana) affinis, Tetrabothrius (Oriana) filiformis, and Tetrabothrius (Tetrabothrius) sp. The presence, distribution, and form of microtriches may not be correlated with the subgeneric divisions of Tetrabothrius or the host taxon. Unique patterns do not appear to be shared with other groups of Cestodes, particularly other tetraphyllideans. We suggest that the spiniform, filiform, and papilliform types of microtriches …
Libyostrongylus Dentatus N. Sp. (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) From Ostriches In North America, With Comments On The Genera Libyostrongylus And Paralibyostrongylus, Eric P. Hoberg, S. Lloyd, H. Omar
Libyostrongylus Dentatus N. Sp. (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) From Ostriches In North America, With Comments On The Genera Libyostrongylus And Paralibyostrongylus, Eric P. Hoberg, S. Lloyd, H. Omar
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Libyostrongylus dentatus sp. n. is described from ostriches on farms from North Carolina and Texas. Nematodes were recovered from the posterior proventriculus and under the koilon lining of the gizzard; the parasites occurred in mixed infections with Libyostrongylus douglassii. The species is distinguished from congeners by the presence of a prominent, dorsal, esophageal tooth; in males by the structure of the dorsal ray and spicules; and in females by small eggs (52-62 gm in length), a sublateral vulva situated at 93% of the body length from the anterior, and a strongly curled, digitate, tail with cuticular inflations at the …
Silver Staining For Elucidation Of The Synlophe In Trichostrongyle Nematodes, Alexander V. Khrustalev, Eric P. Hoberg
Silver Staining For Elucidation Of The Synlophe In Trichostrongyle Nematodes, Alexander V. Khrustalev, Eric P. Hoberg
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Staining techniques are relatively rare in the study of parasitic nematodes. A novel silver-staining method is described for elucidation of the synlophe (a system of longitudinal cuticular ridges), a character of great systematic importance among the trichostrongyloid nematodes. Ridges are stained optically black and appear in great contrast to the body of the nematode. This method augments current use of interference contrast for examination of the synlophe. Detailed studies of the configuration of the synlophe in entire specimens are possible with standard light microscopy for the first time.
Historical Biogeography And Modes Of Speciation Across High-Latitude Seas Of The Holarctic: Concepts For Host-Parasite Coevolution Among The Phocini (Phocidae) And Tetrabothriidae (Eucestoda), Eric P. Hoberg
Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Species of Anophryocephalus are host-specific parasites of pinnipeds in the Holarctic. Phylogenetic analysis of 7 species postulates A. anophrys as the basal taxon and A. inuitorum as basal to A. skrjabini; A. arcticensis is basal to A. nunivakensis and A. eumetopii + A. ochotensis (single tree; consistency index = 74.4%; homoplasy slope ratio = 36.45%). Evaluation of host and geographic distributions postulates ringed seals of the Atlantic-Arctic as ancestral hosts, and the Arctic basin as a paraphyletic area with respect to the North Pacific. Cospeciation within this assemblage was dependent on intense isolation of small effective populations of definitive hosts …