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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors On Meat Quality And Muscle Biology Of Livestock, Yongjie Wang
Effects Of Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors On Meat Quality And Muscle Biology Of Livestock, Yongjie Wang
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In order to improve the meat quality of livestock, intrinsic and extrinsic factors that impact meat quality have been studied for a long time to optimize production quality. Nutrition, breed, and environment are the three most common factors to improve meat quality and muscle growth. The objective of this thesis is to perform a horizontal comparison of the effects of crude protein levels, breeds, and topsoil on the growth performance, muscle development, and meat quality of livestock, and also a longitudinal analysis using RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, and Western-blot to investigate the changes in genes and proteins related to muscle growth, and …
Investigating The Potential Of Plant-Derived Antimicrobials For Controlling Campylobacter Jejuni In Poultry And Poultry Products, Basanta Raj Wagle
Investigating The Potential Of Plant-Derived Antimicrobials For Controlling Campylobacter Jejuni In Poultry And Poultry Products, Basanta Raj Wagle
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Campylobacter jejuni infection in humans is strongly associated with the handling and consumption of contaminated poultry products. Interventions reducing C. jejuni contamination in poultry would reduce the risk of subsequent human infections. In the first study, the efficacy of a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) compound, eugenol (EG; derived from cloves), as an antimicrobial dip treatment to reduce C. jejuni in postharvest poultry was evaluated. The antimicrobial efficacy of EG was studied in suspension, emulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems. EG suspension reduced C. jejuni counts with the greatest reduction of >2.0 Log CFU/sample for the 2% dose of EG (P<0.05). Eugenol emulsions or nanoemulsions did not provide any additional Campylobacter reduction when compared with suspension alone. In the second study, the efficacy of pectin or chitosan coatings fortified with eugenol to reduce C. jejuni on chicken wingettes was investigated. Inoculated wingettes were randomly assigned to controls, eugenol (0.5, 1 or 2%), pectin (3%), chitosan (2%) or their combinations. Following 1 min of coating, wingettes were air dried (1 h) and sampled on d 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7. The incorporation of 0.5, 1 or 2% eugenol in the pectin improved coating efficacy against C. jejuni whereas the efficacy of chitosan coating was improved by 2% eugenol treatment (P<0.05). Exposure of C. jejuni to eugenol, chitosan or combination significantly modulated select genes encoding for motility, quorum sensing and stress response. In the third study, the efficacy of eugenol, trans-cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol in inhibiting C. jejuni biofilm formation and inactivating mature biofilm was evaluated. For the inhibition study, C. jejuni was grown either in the presence or absence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of phytochemicals and biofilm formation was quantified at 24 h intervals by enumeration. For the inactivation study, mature C. jejuni biofilms were exposed to the phytochemicals (0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1%) for 1, 5, or 10 min, and surviving C. jejuni in the biofilms were enumerated. All phytochemicals reduced C. jejuni biofilm formation as well as inactivated mature biofilm at both temperatures (P<0.05). Moreover, scanning electron microscopy revealed disruption of biofilm architecture and loss of extracellular polymeric substances after treatment.
Characterization Of Neuronal Groups Regulating Sexual And Agonistic Behavior In Male Chicken (Gallus Gallus), Jingjing Xie
Characterization Of Neuronal Groups Regulating Sexual And Agonistic Behavior In Male Chicken (Gallus Gallus), Jingjing Xie
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The study aimed to understand the neuronal regulation of male sexual and agonistic behavior in broiler breeders. First, brain structures associated with sexual and agonistic behavior were identified by mapping Fos expression. The ventromedial subnucleus of medial portion of bed nucleus of the stria teriminalis (BSTM2) was specifically activated by male courtship behavior. The medial preoptic nucleus (POM) and lateral septum (SL) were associated with both sexual and agonistic behaviors. The bed nucleus of the pallial commissure (NCPa) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were closely related to stress. Second, Fos-ir neurons were phenotyped by double labeling Fos with aromatase (ARO) …