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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
An Approach For The In-Vivo Characterization Of Brain And Heart Inflammation In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Joanne Tang
An Approach For The In-Vivo Characterization Of Brain And Heart Inflammation In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Joanne Tang
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by dystrophin loss—notably within muscles and CNS neurons. DMD presents as cognitive weakness, progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration until pre-mature death from cardiac or respiratory failure. Innovative therapies improved life expectancy, but this is accompanied by increased late-onset heart failure and emergent cognitive degeneration. Thus, there is an increasing need to both better understand and track disease pathophysiology in the dystrophic heart and brain prior to onset of severe degenerative symptoms. Chronic inflammation is strongly associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration, however chronic neuroinflammation’s role is largely unknown in …
Regulation Of Lps-Induced Neuroinflammation By Targeting Microglia In Vivo Using Chemogenetics, William Chett Binning
Regulation Of Lps-Induced Neuroinflammation By Targeting Microglia In Vivo Using Chemogenetics, William Chett Binning
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Peripheral inflammation can profoundly alter motivational processes and generate behavioral symptoms of sickness. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, orchestrate neuroinflammation and have long been thought to be important for sickness behavior. However, their precise roles remain obscure due to their complex bidirectional interactions with neurons in vivo, which regulate how microglia respond to inflammatory signals and interact with neurons. Neuron-microglia interactions can be at least partially mediated by various types of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed by microglia. Here, we generated a microglia specific hM3Gq-DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) mouse line in which hM3Gq …
Detecting A-Series Ganglioside Expression Profile Changes During Microglial Activation, Mona M. Alshaikh
Detecting A-Series Ganglioside Expression Profile Changes During Microglial Activation, Mona M. Alshaikh
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
With aging, our brains become more susceptible to disease and injury. Different regions of the brain have differing levels of vulnerability to stress and injury, and this brain region-dependent variability to vulnerability could be partly explained by the existence of glycosphingolipids within the cell’s plasma membrane called gangliosides. Gangliosides are expressed predominantly within the brain and play various roles within the central nervous system including neural repair, cell survival, and neurodegeneration. Our laboratory has demonstrated that gangliosides can shift their composition from GM1 back to GM2 and GM3 following stroke in mice and rats indicating a role for simple gangliosides …
Co-Morbidity Of Alzheimer’S Disease And Stroke: Cognitive Deficits And Cellular Pathologies In Two Co-Morbid Animal Models, Jennifer L. Au
Co-Morbidity Of Alzheimer’S Disease And Stroke: Cognitive Deficits And Cellular Pathologies In Two Co-Morbid Animal Models, Jennifer L. Au
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Prior to beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein accumulation into plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been shown to contribute to early cognitive decline. These cellular pathologies are coincident in stroke, which is considered a risk factor for AD. This study investigated the co-morbid effects of AD and stroke on behavioural and cellular pathology in two rodent models. Motor function, memory and microglial neuroinflammation were investigated in a stroke and Aβ injection model and mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic model with stroke. Injections of endothelin-1 into the right striatum were used to model stroke and AD was …
Analyzing A-Series Gangliosides In Neurons Following Exposure To Glutamate, Dae Hee Park
Analyzing A-Series Gangliosides In Neurons Following Exposure To Glutamate, Dae Hee Park
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Neurons within different brain regions have varying levels of vulnerability to external stress and therefore respond differently to injury. A potential reason to explain this may lie within a key lipid class of the cell’s plasma membrane called gangliosides. These glycosphingolipid species have been shown to play various roles in the maintenance of neuronal viability. The purpose of this study is to use electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) technique and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the temporal changes in the expression profiles of various ganglioside species during the course of neurodegeneration in rat primary cortical neurons exposed to glutamate toxicity. Primary embryonic …
Mechanisms Of Neural Precursor Cell Apoptosis By Microglia-Derived Cytokines, Jennifer Guadagno
Mechanisms Of Neural Precursor Cell Apoptosis By Microglia-Derived Cytokines, Jennifer Guadagno
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The persistence of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in distinct niches of the adult brain and spinal cord provides an important opportunity for regeneration in the affected nervous system. In the adult brain, neural precursor cells (NPCs) generate new neurons that can be integrated into the CNS circuitry to replace damaged or lost neurons, and contribute to learning and memory processes. Deregulated neurogenesis has been observed under both acute and chronic neurological conditions including stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. The extent to which neurogenesis contributes to brain repair is severely limited by the neuroinflammatory processes associated with these neurodegenerative conditions. …
Investigating The Pathological Response To Beta Amyloid Toxicity In Rats: The Role Of Age And The Antioxidant Catalase-Skl, Hayley J. Nell
Investigating The Pathological Response To Beta Amyloid Toxicity In Rats: The Role Of Age And The Antioxidant Catalase-Skl, Hayley J. Nell
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain is a major contributor to the cellular pathology and cognitive impairment observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In part, Aβ exerts its toxic effects by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neuroinflammation in the brain. Aging, a major risk factor for AD is also associated with increased production of ROS. This study investigated the age-related pathological response to Aβ toxicity and examined whether catalase-SKL(CAT-SKL), a genetically engineered derivative of the peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme catalase, is able to reduce Aβ toxicity. Bilateral intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of the Aβ25-35 peptide was used to model Aβ …
An Investigation Into The Combined Effects Of Β-Amyloid Toxicity And Cerebral Ischemia On The Pathological Expression Of Gangliosides., Jeffrey D. Hepburn
An Investigation Into The Combined Effects Of Β-Amyloid Toxicity And Cerebral Ischemia On The Pathological Expression Of Gangliosides., Jeffrey D. Hepburn
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Identifying mechanisms underlying the synergistic pathological interaction between stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can effectively guide future therapeutic strategies for these highly co-morbid conditions. Aberrant ganglioside expression marked by the pathological accumulation of ganglioside GM3 is common to stroke and AD, yet it is unclear whether GM3 is synergistically enhanced in a comorbid model, or if GM3 is a viable therapeutic target. Adult male Wistar rats received a unilateral ischemic striatal infarct via endothelin-1 (ET-1) injection alone or in combination with bilateral intracerebroventricular injection of the β-Amyloid 25-35 peptide (Aβ) to induce generalized Aβ toxicity (Aβ/ET-1). Animals were sacrificed after …