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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Mitochondrial Involvement In Neuronal Cell Death, Josie J. Gray
Mitochondrial Involvement In Neuronal Cell Death, Josie J. Gray
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Neuronal cell death via apoptosis or necrosis underlies several devastating neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from oxidative or nitrosative stress often acts as an initiating stimulus for intrinsic apoptosis or necrosis. These events frequently occur in conjunction with imbalances in the mitochondrial fission and fusion equilibrium, although the cause and effect relationships remain elusive. In this thesis, I demonstrate in primary rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) that oxidative or nitrosative stress induces an N-terminal cleavage of optic atrophy-1 (OPA1), a dynamin-like GTPase that regulates mitochondrial fusion and maintenance of cristae architecture. This cleavage event is indistinguishable from …
Rho Gtpases In Neuronal Apoptosis And Neurodegeneration, Trisha Stankiewicz
Rho Gtpases In Neuronal Apoptosis And Neurodegeneration, Trisha Stankiewicz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Several studies have identified Rho family GTPases (i.e. Rho, Rac, Cdc42) as mediators of diverse critical cellular processes, such as actin cytoskeleton remodeling, gene transcription, cell-cell adhesion, and cell cycle progression. However, more recent data highlight an essential role for Rho GTPases as regulators of neuronal morphology and neuronal survival. In particular, Rac GTPase generally induces neurite outgrowth and promotes neuronal survival while Rho GTPase typically provokes neurite retraction and induces neuronal apoptosis. However, the precise signaling pathways that regulate neuronal survival downstream of Rho GTPases and the potential involvement of dysregulated activity of Rho GTPases as a causative factor …
Cellular Coping Mechanisms To Hypoxia In The Longhorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus Octodecemspinosus) Brain, Kelly Heino
Cellular Coping Mechanisms To Hypoxia In The Longhorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus Octodecemspinosus) Brain, Kelly Heino
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The loss of neurological function due to hypoxia remains to be a challenge in many species due to the lack of knowledge and understanding of cellular responses. To investigate cellular responses and survival strategies of the brain during hypoxia and post-hypoxia recovery in a moderate hypoxia-tolerant species, with the hopes of identifying possible therapeutic remedies, thirty Longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus, were challenged with acute hypoxia (40% O2 saturation for 1 h) and twelve additional sculpin were used as controls (~90% O2 saturation). Fish were sampled at each of the following time points: control/normoxic conditions (T=0 h); hypoxic conditions …