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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Translational Fidelity And Its Role In Neuronal Homeostasis, Markus Terrey
Translational Fidelity And Its Role In Neuronal Homeostasis, Markus Terrey
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The process of translation, which refers to decoding genetic information from mRNA to protein, is vital for all cellular function. Translational fidelity starts at the level of aminoacylation of transfer RNAs (tRNA). This reaction is catalyzed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases where each amino acid is transferred to its corresponding cognate tRNA. Because tRNAs harbor the anticodon sequence to decodes a particular mRNA codon, the specific aminoacylation of the tRNA with a cognate amino acid establishes the rules of decoding genetic code into proteins. Aminoacylated tRNAs are then delivered to ribosomes, where ribosomes in a highly organized manner need to accurately …
The Role Of Vps54 In Drosophila Melanogaster Neuronal Development And Age Progressive Neurodegeneration, Emily Wilkinson
The Role Of Vps54 In Drosophila Melanogaster Neuronal Development And Age Progressive Neurodegeneration, Emily Wilkinson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vps54 is a subunit of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex, which is involved in tethering endosome-derived vesicles to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The “wobbler” mouse is the phenotypic result of a destabilizing point mutation in Vps54. This mutation causes neurodegeneration and is subsequently used as a model for human motor neuron disease. Presently, it is unclear how disruption of GARP complex function leads to motor neuron degeneration. To better understand the role of Vps54 in motor neuron development, function, and age-related neurodegeneration, we disrupted expression of the Vps54 ortholog in Drosophila and examined the impact on larval neuromuscular junction …
Beyond The Brain: A Study Of Α-Synuclein's Role In Bone And Adipose Tissue, Carolina A. Figueroa
Beyond The Brain: A Study Of Α-Synuclein's Role In Bone And Adipose Tissue, Carolina A. Figueroa
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
α-Synuclein is a polypeptide encoded by the Snca gene, highly expressed in neurons, but it is also found in bones and adipose tissue. Co-expression analysis showed that Snca regulates skeletal homeostasis, and its deletion reduced estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss and weight gain. It is a major component of Lewy bodies (LB) in Parkinson’s disease (PD), leading to progressive immobilization and a range of nonmotor symptoms, including osteopenia, body composition alterations and insulin resistance. This thesis aimed to determine α-Synuclein’s intrinsic role in bone and adipose homeostasis. We discussed the PD pathophysiology emphasizing aspects of bone health and metabolism. By using …
Neuroprotection Comparison Of Different Nutraceutical Compounds Against Mechanistically Distinct Cell Death Inducing Agents, Faten I. Taram
Neuroprotection Comparison Of Different Nutraceutical Compounds Against Mechanistically Distinct Cell Death Inducing Agents, Faten I. Taram
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), include the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons leading to neuronal death. All of these diseases are fatal, as there is no cure for them. The causes of these diseases are unknown; however, there are many proposed mechanisms that lead to neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress is the leading cause of cell death in neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to other mechanisms including endoplasmic reticulum stress, proteasome inhibition, nitrosative stress, inflammation and excitotoxicity. More understanding of the death mechanisms at work in neurodegeneration is necessary to …
The Neuroprotective And Therapeutic Effects Of Anthocyanins And Their Metabolites In Vitro And In A Mouse Model Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Aimee Nicole Winter
The Neuroprotective And Therapeutic Effects Of Anthocyanins And Their Metabolites In Vitro And In A Mouse Model Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Aimee Nicole Winter
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Anthocyanins, a unique class of flavonoid compounds, have recently come to the forefront of investigative research aimed at evaluating the potential applications of natural products to human health. Evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of anthocyanin consumption has been reported for a myriad of conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and lately, neurodegenerative disease. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are characterized by the death of specific neuronal populations within the brain and spinal cord, leading to cognitive and/or motor impairment. While the etiology of many of these diseases is largely unknown, several factors have …
A Comprehensive Study Of The Effects Of Neurotoxins On Noradrenergic Phenotypes, Neuronal Responses And Potential Intervention By Antidepressants In Noradrenergic Cells, Yan Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
It has been reported that locus coeruleus (LC) degeneration precedes the degeneration of other neurons in the brain in some neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the precise mechanisms of neurodegeneration remain to be elucidated. N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4) has been widely used as a noradrenergic neurotoxin in the development of AD and PD animal models for specific LC degeneration. However, the precise mechanism of action of DSP4 remains unclear. An increased systemic DNA damage caused by neurotoxin or oxidative stress has been found to be related to the pathogenic development of neurodegeneration. The process of neurodegeneration …