Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 7 of 7
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Insect Immune Response To Bacterial Infection Is Mediated By Eicosanoids, David W. Stanley-Samuelson, Ellen Jensen, Kenneth Nickerson, Kristina C. Tiebel, Clyde Ogg, Ralph W. Howard
Insect Immune Response To Bacterial Infection Is Mediated By Eicosanoids, David W. Stanley-Samuelson, Ellen Jensen, Kenneth Nickerson, Kristina C. Tiebel, Clyde Ogg, Ralph W. Howard
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Inhibition of eicosanoid formation in larvae of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, using specific inhibitors of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase, severely weakened the ability of larvae to clear the bacterium Serratia marcescens from their hemolymph. The reduced capability to remove bacteria is associated with increased mortality due to these bacteria. There is a dose-dependent relationship between the phospholipase A2 inhibitor dexamethasone and both the reduced bacterial clearance and increased larval mortality. The dexamethasone effects on larval survival were reversed by treatment with arachidonic acid. Maleic acid, a nonspecific antioxidant, did not interfere with the insects' …
The Fatty Acid Compositions Of Phospholipids And Triacylglycerols From Two Chinch Bug Species Blissus Leucopterus Leucopterus And B. Iowensis (Insecta: Hemiptera; Lygaeidae) Are Similar To The Characteristic Dipteran Pattern, Barbara P. Spike, Robert J. Wright, Stephen D. Danielson, David W. Stanley-Samuelson
The Fatty Acid Compositions Of Phospholipids And Triacylglycerols From Two Chinch Bug Species Blissus Leucopterus Leucopterus And B. Iowensis (Insecta: Hemiptera; Lygaeidae) Are Similar To The Characteristic Dipteran Pattern, Barbara P. Spike, Robert J. Wright, Stephen D. Danielson, David W. Stanley-Samuelson
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
1. The fatty acid compositions of phospholipids and triacylglycerols prepared from whole chinch bugs Blissus leucopterus leucopterus and B. iowensis were analyzed.
2. The fatty acid profiles from these insects are different from those from all other insect groups so analyzed, except most Diptera.
3. The major components include 16:0 and 18:0, high proportions of 16:1 and 18:1 and low proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
4. The fatty acid profiles were similar for several categories from both species of chinch bugs, including adult males and females, prediapausing and diapausing adults, and nymphs.
Gelled Diet For Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Mass Production, David B. Taylor, Jimmy C. Bruce, Rene Garcia
Gelled Diet For Screwworm (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Mass Production, David B. Taylor, Jimmy C. Bruce, Rene Garcia
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
A rearing system based on a diet gelled with Water-Lock G400, a synthetic superabsorbent (poly(2-propenamide-co-2-propenoic acid, sodium salt))( WL), was compared with the standard rearing system (liquid diet suspended in acetate fibers) for the mass production of screwworms, Cochlomyia hominivorax (Coquerel). The WL rearing system yielded 2% heavier pupae, 32% higher egg to pupa survival, and required 54% less diet and 88% less labor than the standard rearing system. Other advantages of the WL system include reduced susceptibility to suboptimal environmental conditions and labor practices, and characteristics conducive to centralization and mechanization of rearing procedures.
Mechanisms Of Hybrid Sunflower Resistance To The Sunflower Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Marc D. Anderson, Gary J. Brewer
Mechanisms Of Hybrid Sunflower Resistance To The Sunflower Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Marc D. Anderson, Gary J. Brewer
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
A study was conducted to identify mechanisms of resistance in sunflower to the sunflower midge, Contarinia schulzi Gagné. Infestation ratings, larval counts, and damage ratings were used to quantify midge resistance in seven sunflower hybrids grown at three locations. Six of the seven hybrids possessed midge resistance. Each hybrid was further categorized with respect to infestation resistance, antibiosis, and tolerance. Two bud characteristics, percent open and size, were examined for their contribution to infestation resistance. The percentage of time that buds of each hybrid were open was negatively correlated with infestation (indicating a preference for the open characteristic). Infestations were …
Oviposition And Larval Bionomics Of Two Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) On Sunflower, Gary J. Brewer
Oviposition And Larval Bionomics Of Two Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) On Sunflower, Gary J. Brewer
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Use of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annum L.) as a host by two species of seed weevils, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, the red sunflower seed weevil, and S. sordidus LeConte, the gray sunflower seed weevil, was compared using dissection of achenes from naturally and artificially infested plants. The gray seed weevil oviposits on the tips of unopened sunflower florets before anthesis. Larvae migrate through the corolla tube, penetrate the developing achene, and begin extensive feeding at the achene base. Achenes infested by the gray sunflower seed weevil are enlarged, lack an embryo, and appear to be a type of gall. The …
Effect Of Starch-Based Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Baits On Selected Nontarget Insect Species: Influence Of Semiochemical Composition, Thomas J. Weissling, Lance J. Meinke, Kandy A. Lytle
Effect Of Starch-Based Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Baits On Selected Nontarget Insect Species: Influence Of Semiochemical Composition, Thomas J. Weissling, Lance J. Meinke, Kandy A. Lytle
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Various starch-encapsulated semiochemical-insecticide formulations, developed for potential use in adult corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) management programs, were evaluated in the laboratory and field for effectiveness on corn rootworm beetles: a carabid, Harpalus pennsylvanicus DeGeer; and a coccinellid, Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake. Carbaryl was formulated in pregelatinized starch matrices along with Diabroticaspecific semiochemicals. The specific combination of feeding-gustatory stimulants encapsulated within or coating the outside of starch granules significantly influenced effectiveness. Allstarch formulations containing feeding-gustatory stimulants effectively killed Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte adults in laboratory and field bioassays. However, H. pennsylvanicus and C. m. lengi mortality was greatly reduced when …
Potential Of Starch Encapsulated Semiochemical-Insecticide Formulations For Adult Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Control, Thomas J. Weissling, Lance J. Meinke
Potential Of Starch Encapsulated Semiochemical-Insecticide Formulations For Adult Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Control, Thomas J. Weissling, Lance J. Meinke
Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted from 1987 through 1989 to determine if plant-derived semiochemicals and carbamate insecticides, encapsulated in starch-borate (SBM) and pregelatinized-starch (PGM) matrices, could be used to attract and kill corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp.) beetles. D. virgifera virgifera LeConte adults were concentrated in plots within a corn (Zea mays L.) field, following application of SBM granules formulated with semiochemicals and carbaryl. However, resulting mortality was low even though beetles were observed feeding on the granules. Low mortality levels appear to have been caused by a loss of carbaryl during the formulation process. Laboratory assay results indicated …