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Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Series

1984

Articles 1 - 9 of 9

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Comparison Of F1'S And Inbreds As Female Parents For Sorghum-Sudangrass Seed Production, Herman J. Gorz, J. J. Toy, Francis A. Haskins, W. M. Ross Nov 1984

Comparison Of F1'S And Inbreds As Female Parents For Sorghum-Sudangrass Seed Production, Herman J. Gorz, J. J. Toy, Francis A. Haskins, W. M. Ross

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Two field studies involving different groups of germplasm were conducted to compare sorghum-sudangrass, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench X S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf, hybrid seed production of male-sterile F1's with their component A-lines. The F1's yielded 45 and 82% more grain than their A-line counterparts in Study 1 and 2, respectively, with the increase attributable to more seeds per panicle and a greater threshing percentage. Mean values of nine traits measured on nine groups of eight F1's in Study 1 and seven groups of six F1's in Study 2 were compared with their …

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Influence Of Sample Treatment On Apparent Hydrocyanic Acid Potential Of Sorghum Leaf Tissue, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, R. M. Hill, J. Brakke Youngquist Nov 1984

Influence Of Sample Treatment On Apparent Hydrocyanic Acid Potential Of Sorghum Leaf Tissue, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, R. M. Hill, J. Brakke Youngquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

When dhurrin [p-hydroxy-(S)-mandelonitrile-β-D-glucoside], the cyanogenic glucoside of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], is hydrolyzed by autoclaving, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-HB) is released. The spectrophotometric determination of p-HB concentration in autoclaved sorghum leaf extracts provides a measure of the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of leaf tissue. Extracts of field-grown sorghum leaves contained substances that interfered with this procedure, but ether extraction effectively separated p-HB from these interfering materials. We observed that when flag leaf tissue from field-grown sorghum was dried at 75°C and then autoclaved, HCN-p values were about three times as high …

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Atrazine Tolerance In Warm-Season Grass Seedlings, C. C. Bahler, Kenneth P. Vogel, Lowell E. Moser Nov 1984

Atrazine Tolerance In Warm-Season Grass Seedlings, C. C. Bahler, Kenneth P. Vogel, Lowell E. Moser

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] effectively controls many annual weeds in established warm-season range grasses but can damage some of these grasses in the early seedling stage. This study determined the relative atrazine tolerance of seedlings of selected warm-season grasses and evaluated the effectiveness of a greenhouse bioassay for seedling atrazine tolerance in range gasses. Seed of 'Pathfinder' switchgrass [Panicum virgatum L.], 'Nebraska 54' indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], 'Butte' side-oats grama [Bouteloua curtipedula (Michx.) Torr.], an experimental blue grama 'PMK 1483' [B. gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag ex Steud], 'Plains' bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum var ischaemum (L.) Keng), 'Caucasian' bluestem …

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Effect Of Freezing On The Hydrocyanic Acid Potential Of Field-Grown Sorghum Tillers, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, R. M. Hill, J. Brakke Youngquist Nov 1984

Effect Of Freezing On The Hydrocyanic Acid Potential Of Field-Grown Sorghum Tillers, Francis A. Haskins, Herman J. Gorz, R. M. Hill, J. Brakke Youngquist

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Tissue disruption caused by freezing and thawing may contribute to rapid enzymatic breakdown of dhurrin [p-hydroxy-(S)mandelonitrile-β-D-glucoside], the cyanogenic glucoside of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], but published reports are not in agreement as to the effects of freezing on the hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) of field-grown sorghum leaves. These effects were investigated in a series of experiments in the fan of 1983, a period during which weather conditions at Lincoln, NE, permitted repeated sampling of frozen and non-frozen leaves of field-grown sorghum tillers. Assays of these samples, both spectrophotometrically and with the cyanide electrode, indicated …

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In Vitro And In Vivo Analyses Of Hays Of Switchgrass Strains Selected For High And Low In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility, K. P. Vogel, R. Britton, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins Sep 1984

In Vitro And In Vivo Analyses Of Hays Of Switchgrass Strains Selected For High And Low In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility, K. P. Vogel, R. Britton, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In a previous report the progress made in altering the in vitro dry matter digestibility (lVDMD) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in one cycle of divergent selection was described. In this study, the detergent system of analyses was used in an attempt to determine what plant constituents had been altered by the selection for IVDMD. Hays from five switchgrass strains differing in IVDMD harvested over a 3-year period were analyzed for protein content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ash, and lignin. Although there were differences (p ≤ 0.05) among strains for IVDMD as determined by …

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Registrationo F Np22 Sudangrass Germplasm, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, S. D. Kindler, A. Sotomayor-Rios Mar 1984

Registrationo F Np22 Sudangrass Germplasm, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, S. D. Kindler, A. Sotomayor-Rios

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

'NP22' Sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] [formerly S. sudanense (Piper) Staph] (Reg. No. GPI38), a random-mating population carrying the mS3 gene and selected primarily for low dhurrin content, is generally similar in appearance to 'Piper' sudangrass with mostly dry stalks (white midrib) and purple plant color. Seed color is heterogeneous and includes straw, sienna, mahogany, and black glumes. NP22 was developed cooperatively by USDA-ARS and the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station and released in May 1982.

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Notes: Differences Among Nematode Populations In Tall Fescue Pastures In North, Central, And South Alabama, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. Rodriguez-Kabana Jan 1984

Notes: Differences Among Nematode Populations In Tall Fescue Pastures In North, Central, And South Alabama, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, R. Rodriguez-Kabana

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Surveys of nematode populations in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) pastures in north, central, and south Alabama in 1982 and 1983 showed significant differences in frequency of occurrence of many nematode species by geographical region. Although nematode damage has been implicated in the poor adaptation of tall fescue to the sandy soils of the extreme Southeast, many plant parasitic nematode species occurred in low frequency in south Alabama pastures. There were significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of Paratrichodorus christiei (Allen) Siddiqi by region. This nematode occurred with relatively high frequency in south Alabama in both years. There were …

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Leakage Of Dhurrin And P-Hydroxybenzaldehyde From Young Sorghum Shoots Immersed In Various Solvents, Francis Haskins, H. J. Gorz Jan 1984

Leakage Of Dhurrin And P-Hydroxybenzaldehyde From Young Sorghum Shoots Immersed In Various Solvents, Francis Haskins, H. J. Gorz

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Spectral scanning was used to provide estimates of the leakage of the cyanogenic glucoside, dhurrin (p-hydroxy-[S]-mandelonitrle-β-D-glucoside) and its metabolite, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (p-HB), from young light-grown shoots of Atlas sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) when these shoots were immersed in water, toluene, chloroform or mixtures of water and toluene or water and chloroform. Minimal leakage of dhurrin and virtually no leakage of p-HB occurred with water as the solvent. The 0.5% concentration (v/v) of both toluene and chloroform was more effective than either the 1.0 or 2.0% concentrations in effecting leakage of the two solutes. With either 0.5% toluene or 0.5% …

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Identification Of Chromosomes With Secondary Constrictions In Melilotus Species, S. E. Schlarbaum, L. B. Johnson, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins Jan 1984

Identification Of Chromosomes With Secondary Constrictions In Melilotus Species, S. E. Schlarbaum, L. B. Johnson, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Secondary constrictions were determined in one chromosome pair in the complements of M. infesta, M. macrocarpa, M. italica (subgenus Micromeliotus), and M. alba and M. officinalis (subgenus Meliotus). The karyotypes of M. infesta and M. macrocarpa were found to be similar. Chromosomes of M. italica were larger than the chromosomes of the other four Melilotus species. The chromosome size in M. italica suggests the presence of large chromosomes in an ancestral or pro-Melilotus prototype. The chromosomes with satellites of M. infesta and M. macrocarpa appear to differ in morphology from the satellite chromosomes of M. …

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