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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effect Of The Co2 Grinding On Modified Atmosphere And Color Shelf Life Of Ground Beef, Sofiane Ghris
Effect Of The Co2 Grinding On Modified Atmosphere And Color Shelf Life Of Ground Beef, Sofiane Ghris
All Theses
Beef ground under air and carbon dioxide (CO2) conditions were evaluated for their storage stability at 2 ± 1¼C starting after 2 days in the dark to simulate transportation, followed by 7 days in lighted display by measuring color (CIE L*, a*, b*, the hue and chroma), gas headspace, microbiological content, and pigment content. AC (ground in air then packaged in 100% CO2 MAP) and CC (ground in CO2 then packaged in 100% CO2 MAP) treatments showed the highest a* and chroma values from day 3 to 9 compared with AV (ground in air then vacuum packaged) and CV (ground …
Development And Evaluation Of Instruments To , Patricia Michaud
Development And Evaluation Of Instruments To , Patricia Michaud
All Theses
The objectives of this study are to provide evidence for and demonstrate the processes used to develop and test tools to measure the effectiveness of a culinary and nutrition education program. This study initially involved a review of literature related to the environmental conditions for and components of nutrition education interventions featuring hands-on cooking skill activities. Based on this literature examination, the Cooking Attitude, Cooking Behavior, Produce Consumption Self-Efficacy, Cooking Self-Efficacy, Self-Efficacy for Using Basic Cooking Techniques, and Self-Efficacy for Using Fruits, Vegetables and Seasonings scales and the Knowledge of Cooking Terms and Techniques evaluation were developed. The Availability and …
Neochetina Species And Arthropod Communities In Water-Hyacinth Rafts In South Carolina, Benjamin Powell
Neochetina Species And Arthropod Communities In Water-Hyacinth Rafts In South Carolina, Benjamin Powell
All Theses
Arthropod communities inhabiting feral water-hyacinth rafts were surveyed monthly in South Carolina's Coastal Plain from March 2005 through February 2006. Special attention was given to the chevroned waterhyacinth weevil [Neochetina bruchi (Hustache)], the mottled waterhyacinth weevil [N. eichhorniae (Warner)] (both Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and the waterhyacinth moth [Niphograpta albiguttalis (Warren)] (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), which were imported into North America to control water-hyacinth. Communities of arthropods are compared among sites, flow regimes (lentic, lotic, and tidal), and months of the year. The arthropod communities in waterhyacinth rafts in South Carolina are more diverse than previously reported. Rafts in each of …
Analysis Of Hg And Stable Isotope Concentrations In Bald Eagle Feathers From The Great Lakes And Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, Jennifer Thomsen
Analysis Of Hg And Stable Isotope Concentrations In Bald Eagle Feathers From The Great Lakes And Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, Jennifer Thomsen
All Theses
Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) feed on a variety of aquatic and terrestrial wildlife. As top predators in their food chain, they may accumulate harmful concentrations of pollutants such as mercury, which can have detrimental effects on populations of this species. The stable isotope composition of feathers provides useful information about the food resources assimilated by bald eagles. The connection between mercury, (Hg), concentration and stable isotope concentration ( 13C and 15N) of feathers were measured to better understand the potential sources and pathways of Hg uptake by bald eagles living in the Great Lakes region of Michigan and Voyageurs National …
Woody Invasive Plant Species Occurrence And Abundance As, Jyoti Patnaik
Woody Invasive Plant Species Occurrence And Abundance As, Jyoti Patnaik
All Theses
The spread of invasive plants is one of the most challenging ecological problems in the 21st century, causing a $35 billion loss per year to the economy in the United states alone. More than 85% of woody invasive species were introduced originally for ornamental and landscape use. As a result, over the last few decades, perennial woody invaders have appeared in fence rows, rights-of-way, old fields, understories, and the canopies of eastern forests of the United States. Besides the information about the geographical distribution, general biological characteristics, and response to herbicides, very little information is available on the occurrence and …
Comparison Of Compost Tea And Biological Fungicides For Control Of Early Blight In Organic Heirloom Tomato Production, Richard Kouyoumjian
Comparison Of Compost Tea And Biological Fungicides For Control Of Early Blight In Organic Heirloom Tomato Production, Richard Kouyoumjian
All Theses
The efficacy of compost tea was evaluated and compared alone and in combination with two biofungicides Serenade Max and Sonata for control of early blight caused by the fungal pathogen Alternaria tomatophila on tomato Solanum lycopersicum (L), heirloom cultivar `Cherokee Purple'. Results of field experiments over two growing seasons indicated that compost tea provided a low level of protection against early blight. The results were variable; most likely due to dry conditions and the presence of bacterial wilt the first year and tomato spotted wilt virus the second year. In both 2006 and 2007 field trials compost tea was not …
Provisioning And Prey Quality In Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus Occidentalis) In Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, Elena Sachs
Provisioning And Prey Quality In Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus Occidentalis) In Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, Elena Sachs
All Theses
I examined parent and nestling behavior during early chick rearing in Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) nesting at a colony in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina during the 2006 breeding season. There were significant differences in the frequency of feeding, attendance, and chick aggression according to chick age, although the pattern differed among behaviors. The rate of adult feeding, chick feeding and adult attendance all decreased with chick age while chick aggressive behavior peaked when chicks were ca. 21 d post-hatch. I found that nests with at least one juvenile parent had a lower average clutch size, hatch rate, and number of …
Effects Of Season Of Fire On Red-Cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides Borealis) Reproduction And The Breeding Bird Community Of A Longleaf Pine Ecosystem, Sarah Lauerman
All Theses
Fire is the most important management tool in restoring and maintaining the longleaf pine ecosystem but the effects of season of burning on fauna are not fully understood. Of particular concern is the community of birds which breed in the longleaf pine forest, several of which are endangered, threatened or species of concern. This study examined the effects of season of fire on the breeding bird community and a population of red-cockaded woodpeckers (RCW) at Brosnan Forest in Dorchester, South Carolina. Fifty-eight RCW territories received dormant or growing season fire over a five-year period from 2001 to 2005. Prior to …
Predicting The Growth Of Deciduous Tree Species In Response To Water Stress: Fvs-Bgc Model Parameterization, Application And Evaluation, Ying Wang
All Theses
A hybrid model (FVS-BGC) that couples the process-model STAND-BGC to the empirically based forest vegetation simulator (FVS) was parameterized with comprehensive ecophysiological, site, and silvicultural data collected on Acer rubrum L. (A. rubrum), Paulownia elongata (P. elongata), Quercus nuttallii (Q. nuttallii), and Quercus phellos (Q. phellos) in 2006. A series of simulations provided of estimates species-specific carbon gain, growth, and yield under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Simulations on a species-specific basis allowed assessment of drought effects on stand production and the ability of FVS-BGC to predict on a deciduous species basis. Under well watered conditions, FVS-BGC was able to predict …
Maestra2: A Model For Simulating Spatially Explicit Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rates Among Species' Water Stress Response, Robert Reynolds
Maestra2: A Model For Simulating Spatially Explicit Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rates Among Species' Water Stress Response, Robert Reynolds
All Theses
MAESTRA2, a species specific mechanistic model, was parameterized to estimate water use, carbon accumulation and organ specific respiration of five deciduous tree species under both irrigated and water stressed conditions. The model was validated using temporally and spatially explicit ecophysiological data to account for seasonal changes in species physiology. The following tree species: Acer rubrum L. 'Summer Red' (A. rubrum), Betula nigra (B. nigra), Paulownia elongata (P. elongata), Quercus nuttallii (Q. nuttallii), and Quercus phellos (Q. phellos) were intensively measured and organ specific destructively harvested samples were compared to modeled estimates of carbon accumulation. Among species, we observed variability in …
Survival Of Pacific White Shrimp, , In Low-Salinity And Mixed-Ion Environments, Kirk Parmenter
Survival Of Pacific White Shrimp, , In Low-Salinity And Mixed-Ion Environments, Kirk Parmenter
All Theses
This study was conducted to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of two different salt mixtures, MI-2 (NaCl, MgSO4, MgCl2, KCl, CaCl2, and NaHCO3) and MI (NaCl, MgCl2, KCl, and CaCl2) as compared to artificial sea salt (SS) to provide a sufficient environment for the survival of Litopenaeus vannamei and (2) determine if additions of the MI-2 salt mixture to low concentrations of sea salt would result in comparable survival as that seen in pure SS environments.
Tests conducted at 5 g/L of total dissolved solids showed that the pure SS treatment had a significantly higher survival rate than the MI-2 and …
Examination Of The Allee Effect On Postlarval Recruitment And Post Settlement Survival In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Panulirus Argus, Adrianna Zito
Examination Of The Allee Effect On Postlarval Recruitment And Post Settlement Survival In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Panulirus Argus, Adrianna Zito
All Theses
Positive density dependence (the Allee effect) has been reported in a number of species that are attracted to conspecific cues. This effect has been shown to influence the settlement of many species of marine invertebrates. Caribbean spiny lobsters are gregarious den dwellers attracted to conspecific cues. Previous studies have suggested that the benefit of conspecific attraction is a reduced predation risk by decreasing the time to find crevice shelters (the guide effect) or by cooperative group defense once sharing shelters. I tested a third hypothesis that attraction to conspecific cues increases the settlement of lobster postlarvae into the highest quality …
Measuring And Modeling Species Specific, Joseph Bowden
Measuring And Modeling Species Specific, Joseph Bowden
All Theses
Differences in transpiration have been reported in tree species over the last several decades; however, few studies have teased out the environmental component with a common garden. Species specific transpiration was measured via sap flow on twenty trees from five deciduous hardwood species, Prunus x yedoensis Matsum., Acer rubrum L. 'Autumn Flame', Acer buergeranum Miq., Prunus serrulata Lindl. 'Kwanzan,' and Platanus x acerifolia (Ait.) Willd., throughout the 2005 growing season in a plantation. In addition, monthly growth and gas exchange measurements were collected for each species and used to parameterize a three dimensional spatially explicit transpiration model, MAESTRA. The model …
Isolation Of An Anti-Cd20 Single Chain Variable Fragment From A Naive Human Phage-Scfv Library, Amma Bosompem
Isolation Of An Anti-Cd20 Single Chain Variable Fragment From A Naive Human Phage-Scfv Library, Amma Bosompem
All Theses
CD20 is a non-glycosylated transmembrane protein expressed on normal B cells, malignant B cells, and plasma cells, but not their stem cell precursors. It is an ideal target for antibody therapy because it is not significantly shed or internalized, and CD20 expression is generally not lost after antibody binding. Depleted B cells can also be regenerated after antibody therapy. Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20, was the first monoclonal antibody to be approved by the FDA for lymphoma. Results from clinical trials have shown that anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, which can be used unchanged or as carriers for radionuclides or …
Sasajiscymnus Tsugae(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) As A Biological Control For Hemlock Woolly Adelgid , Wess Klunk
Sasajiscymnus Tsugae(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) As A Biological Control For Hemlock Woolly Adelgid , Wess Klunk
All Theses
To better understand the tritrophic interaction involving Sasajiscymnus tsugae Sasaji and McClure, hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand (HWA)), and Tsuga (hemlock) tree hosts, an experiment was designed to determine the fitness of S. tsugae while feeding on HWA infesting either eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) (Carriere)) or Carolina hemlock (T. caroliniana (Engelmann)). The predator in this interaction is S. tsugae, a possible biological control agent for HWA. In the eastern United States, preliminary work on S. tsugae for potential as a biological control agent for HWA was started in 1995. It was determined that S. tsugae was a promising …
Peach Tree Root Demography And Soil Microbial Characteristics In Peach Replant Soils, Shann Tanner
Peach Tree Root Demography And Soil Microbial Characteristics In Peach Replant Soils, Shann Tanner
All Theses
Peach replant disorder (PRD) is a serious problem for peach growers throughout the United States. PRD refers to the pattern of reduced growth and yield observed in young peach trees planted on soil previously cropped with peaches. The conventional treatment for PRD, pre-plant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (a broad-spectrum biocide) adequately controls the disorder. This suggests that PRD results from harmful interaction(s) between the soil biotic community and peach roots. However, the specific causal agents of PRD are still unknown.
Methyl bromide is a known contributor to ozone depletion, and is only available to U.S. growers through Critical Use …
Subcutaneous Fsh Implants, Colette Floyd
Subcutaneous Fsh Implants, Colette Floyd
All Theses
Superovulation is an assisted reproductive technique used to hyperstimulate the ovaries in an attempt to proliferate desirable genetics by increasing the number of dominant follicles and oocytes available per estrous cycle. Unfortunately, the process is inefficient and costly due to FSH injection protocols, labor requirements, and animal stress. A sustained release implant as a novel FSH delivery mechanism could increase the efficiency and utility while reducing cost and animal stress. The objectives of these experiments were: to design and fabricate a sustained FSH release implant and evaluate the amount of FSH released in-vitro and in-vivo.
Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) was …
Controlling Kudzu (Pueraria Montana) In Riparian Zones And High Risk Areas, Casey Newton
Controlling Kudzu (Pueraria Montana) In Riparian Zones And High Risk Areas, Casey Newton
All Theses
The effects of polyethylene sheeting as a thermal covering to eradicate kudzu were investigated on an area within the Clemson University Experimental Forest in Clemson, South Carolina on a Cecil clay loam. In 2005, the highest reduction of live root crowns was observed in the complete season treatment (covered for the entire growing season) with a reduction of 42% of live root crowns compared to control (no covering) plots. The next most effective was the one-week treatment (covered for one week, uncovered for one week, then repeated throughout the growing season) that reduced root crowns by 35%. The least effective …
Using Avifauna For Ecological Assessment In Streamside Management Zones Implemented By Forestry Best Management Practices, Keenan Adams
Using Avifauna For Ecological Assessment In Streamside Management Zones Implemented By Forestry Best Management Practices, Keenan Adams
All Theses
Riparian ecosystems provide many ecological functions critical to both aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates. Anecdotal field observations indicate that upland forest harvesting may affect riparian ecosystem functions, yet the relationship has not been well documented, especially for wildlife. As part of the collaborative Dry Creek watershed study at International Paper's Southlands Forest in Decatur County, Georgia, I evaluated the effects of Best Management Practices (BMP) timber harvesting on avian communities occupying riparian corridors/streamside management zones (SMZs) in headwater streams of the Gulf Coastal Plain of Georgia. Using repeated visits to established line transects, data were collected during the breeding seasons from …
The Antibacterial Properties Of Brookite Phase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Rupal Shah
All Theses
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a major human pathogen, is a common cause of infections worldwide due to its high virulence intensity. By adapting to rapidly changing and uniformly hostile environments, strains of S. aureus acquire resistance to antimicrobial agents shortly after their exposure. For example, within a year of its introduction, S. aureus developed resistance to methicillin which triggered the development of other antimicrobial treatments. In spite of the various antibiotics currently used to treat methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections, antimicrobial resistance is an unavoidable consequence due to the selective pressure of antibiotic exposure. Thus, other prevention modalities are warranted …
Evaluation Of Conservation Management Practices For Northern Bobwhites And Shrub-Scrub Songbirds, William Heaton
Evaluation Of Conservation Management Practices For Northern Bobwhites And Shrub-Scrub Songbirds, William Heaton
All Theses
ABSTRACT We evaluated the effect of early-successional habitat management practices on vegetation structure and composition, shrub-scrub songbird nesting, wintering songbird habitat use, and Northern Bobwhite habitat use in the lower Coastal Plain of South Carolina. The response of vegetation was measured for 18 different disturbance treatments at the end of each growing season from 2000 to 2006. The response of vegetation to disturbance was different among treatments. However, similarities existed between burn and disk treatments with the same season and frequency. We found 76 shrub-scrub songbird nests during the 2005 and 2006 nesting seasons. Painted buntings, indigo buntings, and blue …
The Ecology Of Freshwater Turtle Communities On The Upper-Coastal Plain Of South Carolina, Patrick Cloninger
The Ecology Of Freshwater Turtle Communities On The Upper-Coastal Plain Of South Carolina, Patrick Cloninger
All Theses
A mark-recapture study was used to examine aspects of freshwater turtle ecology, including the size at maturity, sex ratio, growth, sexual size dimorphism and ectoparasite infestation, on the Upper-Coastal Plain of South Carolina at Pee Dee Research and Education Center (PDREC). Turtles were trapped at 8 sites in Dargans' Pond during the summers of 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2006 for a total of 279 trap nights and at 6 sites in the smaller ponds at PDREC for a total of 120 trap nights during the summer of 2006. In Dargans' Pond there were 548 captures of Trachemys scripta, made …
Lipid Microdomains Are Involved In Adhesion Of Entamoeba Histolytica Trophozoites To Host Extracellular Matrix Components, Kriti Mittal
Lipid Microdomains Are Involved In Adhesion Of Entamoeba Histolytica Trophozoites To Host Extracellular Matrix Components, Kriti Mittal
All Theses
Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic human protozoan that infects 500,000,000 people worldwide annually. In the course of the parasite's life cycle, motile trophozoites breach the colonic mucosa, invade through the epithelial layer and extracellular matrix (ECM) and occasionally disseminate through portal blood vessels to distant organs. Membrane rafts are small heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid- enriched domains whose functional significance entails compartmentalization of cellular processes and regulation of cellular signaling. Recent studies reveal the physiological role of membrane rafts in adhesion to host epithelium in E. histolytica. In the current study we examined the role of lipid rafts …
Feeding Performance In Hawaiian Stream Goby Fishes: Morphological And Functional Analysis, Takashi Maie
Feeding Performance In Hawaiian Stream Goby Fishes: Morphological And Functional Analysis, Takashi Maie
All Theses
Distributions of Hawaiian stream fishes are typically interrupted by waterfalls that divide streams into lower and upper segments. Larvae hatched upstream are flushed into the ocean, and must climb these waterfalls to reach adult habitats when returning back to freshwater as part of an amphidromous life cycle. Stream surveys and studies of climbing performance show that Lentipes concolor can reach fast-flowing upper stream segments, but that Awaous guamensis reaches only slower, lower stream segments. Gut content analyses for these two species indicate that diet differs between them only by 10% or less dry weight for most major components (mostly green …
Effects Of White-Tailed Deer Herbivory On Forest Plant Communities, John Thrift
Effects Of White-Tailed Deer Herbivory On Forest Plant Communities, John Thrift
All Theses
ABSTRACT
The impact of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herbivory on forest ecosystems has received more attention as deer populations continue to increase in many areas. We investigated the effects of deer herbivory on plant communities in three different geographic regions to increase the general knowledge of herbivory impacts and also to investigate specific regional effects where research has been lacking.
Twelve exclosures were constructed in clearcut hardwood stands on the Clemson Experimental Forest, SC. Sapling, seedling, and understory species richness (S), Shannon's Diversity Index (H'), and Evenness (J') were compared between exclosures and paired control plots after the first and …
Thrombocyte Response To Lipopolysaccharide In Stress Induced Broiler Chicks, Farzana Ferdous
Thrombocyte Response To Lipopolysaccharide In Stress Induced Broiler Chicks, Farzana Ferdous
All Theses
The role of thrombocytes, nucleated blood leukocytes, on immune responses in chickens fed diets supplemented with vitamin C has not been studied in the past. This study investigates the effects of three types of diets(control, control with corticosterone, and control with corticosterone and vitamin C) in 14-day old broiler chicks on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-12 in thrombocytes. In addition, the effect of LPS, a microbial component to which broiler chicks can be exposed, on the expression of these pro-inflammatory cytokines was investigated. After two weeks of feeding, blood samples from the chicks were collected and …
Determining The Efficacy Of A Commercially Available Post-Thaw Bovine Semen Sexing Kit, Erin Curry
Determining The Efficacy Of A Commercially Available Post-Thaw Bovine Semen Sexing Kit, Erin Curry
All Theses
Swaying the bovine sex ratio is beneficial because dairy heifers are significantly more valuable than bull calves, whereas in the beef industry, bull calves are more desirable than females. Currently, there is no inexpensive, reliable, effective method for commercially separating X- and Y- bearing sperm. The objective of these experiments was to determine the efficacy of a commercially available post-thaw bovine semen sexing kit, HeiferPlusTM, which claims to sway the sex ratio in favor of female calves.
Three trials included the insemination of hyperstimulated cows with Control or HeiferPlusTM treated semen, non-surgical embryo collection on Day 7, and a novel …
A Statewide Biomarker Approach To Estimate Contaminant Effects In The Wadeable Streams Of South Carolina, Molly Keaton
A Statewide Biomarker Approach To Estimate Contaminant Effects In The Wadeable Streams Of South Carolina, Molly Keaton
All Theses
Freshwater species in South Carolina have been declining for many years. However, the threats that these organisms face from point and non-point source pollution are largely unknown. The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) began a five year survey of the wadeable streams of South Carolina in May 2006. One of the purposes of this study was to use molecular biomarkers of contaminant exposure to fully assess the health of fish in South Carolina's freshwater streams. During the first year of the study, sunfish (Lepomis sp.) were sampled from May through September 2006 at randomly selected sites in three …
Almond Skins As A Natural Antioxidant, Heather Johnson
Almond Skins As A Natural Antioxidant, Heather Johnson
All Theses
In this thesis, the potential for almond skins in their native state as a natural antioxidant in foods was explored. A literature review of general information on almonds, research done on almond skins, and general information on antioxidants is presented. The almond skins used in this study required an additional heat treatment step to improve their microbiological quality before further treatments and analysis could be performed. A descriptive analysis sensory panel was utilized to identify potential flavor and aroma descriptors and their intensities. The aroma descriptors identified were toasted, bran, and toasted; nutty. The flavor descriptors identified were toasted, bran, …
Soil Fertility Management In Organic Vegetable Production, Susannah Rauton
Soil Fertility Management In Organic Vegetable Production, Susannah Rauton
All Theses
Organic vegetable production is a rapidly growing sector of agriculture. Due to limitations on synthetic inputs imposed by the USDA National Organic Program (NOP), research is necessary to determine which soil amendments are viable options for organic farmers. Field trials were conducted at the Clemson University Calhoun Fields Laboratory Student Organic Farm. A variety of vegetable crops were grown, including Jericho lettuce in the springs of 2005 and 2006, yellow crookneck squash in the summers of 2005 and 2006, and Early Jersey Wakefield cabbage in the fall of 2005. Soil amendment treatments consisted of combinations of the following: poultry compost, …