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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Microsatellites And Their Association With Break Induced Replication, French J. Damewood Iv
Microsatellites And Their Association With Break Induced Replication, French J. Damewood Iv
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To study microsatellites instability and their repair pathways a dual fluorescent (DF2) and selectable (ganciclovir sensitive/ thymidine kinase (TK) expressing) cell system was assayed using replication fork stalling agents hydroxyurea and telomestatin. These cell lines carried ectopically integrated microsatellites derived from the Dystrophia Myotonica Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene ((CTG)102 microsatellite), or an 88 bp polypurine/ polypyrimidine (Pu/Py) repeat from the PKD-1 locus, inserted into a FLP recombinase target site. These microsatellites form non-B DNA structures in -vivo and in-vitro causing replication fork stalling and double strand breaks. DF2 myc (CTG)102 -TK cells treated with hydroxyurea were assayed for mutagenesis of …
Analyses Of Coyote (Canis Latrans) Consumption Of Anthropogenic Material And Dietary Composition In Urban And Non-Urban Habitats, Audrey A. Hayes
Analyses Of Coyote (Canis Latrans) Consumption Of Anthropogenic Material And Dietary Composition In Urban And Non-Urban Habitats, Audrey A. Hayes
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Coyotes are a generalist species that have adapted to nearly every terrestrial habitat in the United States. The species’ success is heavily attributed to their omnivorous diets and tolerance for environments that are regularly disturbed. Because the larger predator species that typically act as apex predators are sensitive to highly fragmented landscapes, the coyote is the functioning apex predator in many ecosystems where large predators, such as wolves, have been extirpated. The coyotes’ ecological role in urban ecosystems has received much attention in the last few decades as the species’ presence in cities and suburbs has increased, along with human-coyote …
Effects Of Fluoxetine/Simvastatin/Ascorbic Acid Combination Treatment On Neurogenesis And Functional Recovery In A Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, Olivia Cameron Webb
Effects Of Fluoxetine/Simvastatin/Ascorbic Acid Combination Treatment On Neurogenesis And Functional Recovery In A Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, Olivia Cameron Webb
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Whereas immune modulation has proven beneficial in multiple sclerosis (MS), we hypothesized that targeting down-stream modulators of neurogenesis and subsequent remyelination may offer an additional, if not superior, point of intervention in an attempt to repair damage and recover lost function. As such, the present study assessed the effectiveness of 30-day administration of the drug combination fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), simvastatin (1 mg/kg), and ascorbic acid (50 mg/kg) (FSA) on an early marker of neurogenesis, doublecortin (DCX), and functional recovery using the Montoya Staircase following lysolecithin-induced focal demyelination of the corpus callosum in middle-aged (10-11 month) male and female rats. Lysolecithin …
Enzymatic Post-Translational Halogenation For Adding Functionality To Biomaterials, Alexander L. Compean
Enzymatic Post-Translational Halogenation For Adding Functionality To Biomaterials, Alexander L. Compean
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Silk fibroin from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a unique biomaterial that has been extensively studied for a variety of applications due to its promising properties such as controllable self-assembly, robust mechanical properties, and biological compatibility. Previously, there have been numerous methods describing the chemical modification of silk fibroin that utilize synthetic or enzymatic means that do not use halogens as a means of functionalization. Herein, a halogenation strategy is presented to modify silk fibroin with the aim of developing a novel functional material through the carbon-halogen (C-X) bond. Modification with NaX (X = Cl, Br, and I) salts, hydrogen …
The Effect Of Circadian Clock Modulation On Cisplatin Cytotoxicity, Nadeen Nibal Ahmad Anabtawi
The Effect Of Circadian Clock Modulation On Cisplatin Cytotoxicity, Nadeen Nibal Ahmad Anabtawi
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Cisplatin is a DNA damage-based chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat various types of cancers; however, the treatment's toxicity restricts its efficiency. Studies have shown that the circadian rhythm controls the DNA damage response and affects the repair pathways of cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Circadian clock modulation, therefore, has been proposed to be a potential mechanism for enhancing cisplatin tolerability. Here we used clock-enhancing molecules to evaluate the effect of pharmacological clock modulation on cisplatin cytotoxicity. Using cultured human cell lines, cisplatin cytotoxicity was found to be attenuated following treatment with circadian-enhancing molecules KS15 and SR8278. Moreover, the protein and mRNA …
Investigating Streptococcus Pneumoniae And Adenovirus Co-Infections Of Lung Epithelial Cells, Mark Nicholas Calabro
Investigating Streptococcus Pneumoniae And Adenovirus Co-Infections Of Lung Epithelial Cells, Mark Nicholas Calabro
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Co-infection is common among viruses and bacteria in the human respiratory system. Adenovirus (AdV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are clinically relevant respiratory pathogens that cause morbidity and mortality in a variety of patient populations with the highest morbidity occurring among immunocompromised individuals, but also prevalent in infants and the elderly. Acute respiratory distress syndrome may become severe in healthy individuals when co-infection with S. pneumoniae and AdV occurs due to synergistic effects of the pathogens on the host. I hypothesized that S. pneumoniae infection decreases AdV transduction of airway epithelia. To test this hypothesis, we utilized the polarized immortalized airway epithelial …
A Novel Method For Analysis Of Proprioceptor Sensory Neuron Subtypes In The Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia, Delaney C. Grant
A Novel Method For Analysis Of Proprioceptor Sensory Neuron Subtypes In The Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia, Delaney C. Grant
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Proprioceptive sensory neurons encode critical mechanosensory information that helps determine how the body interacts with the outside world and monitors the proper execution of motor movements. Housed in skeletal muscles lie specialized mechanoreceptors that are critical to this feedback loop: muscle spindles supplied by group Ia & group II afferents, and Golgi tendon organs supplied by group Ib afferents relay information regarding changes in muscle force, length, and tension. All three afferent subtypes originate in the muscle and travel to the dorsal root ganglia, relaying information to the central nervous system. GTO and MS proprioceptive afferent subtypes have been identified, …
Stress-Induced Senescence In Human Dermal Fibroblasts : Effects Of Creatine And Nicotinamide Post Stress Treatment, Venkata Sravya Arikatla
Stress-Induced Senescence In Human Dermal Fibroblasts : Effects Of Creatine And Nicotinamide Post Stress Treatment, Venkata Sravya Arikatla
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In skin connective tissue, dermal fibroblasts appear to be the most prevalent cell type. They are in charge of making the extracellular matrix that makes up the skin's connective tissue, and also involved in wound healing. Moreover, they produce Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) which helps in activation of Insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). This receptor helps to control cell proliferation and responses to DNA-damaging substances such as UVB radiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and therapeutic drugs. According to our findings, lack of IGF-1 expression in the dermis of elderly patients due to fibroblast senescence (senescence is characterized by which cells …
Il-10 And Tgf-Beta Increase Connexin-43 Expression And Membrane Potential Of Hl-1 Cardiomyocytes Coupled With Raw 264.7 Macrophages, Cora B. Cox
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Cardiomyocytes and macrophages have been found to interact via connexin-43 hemichannels. The role of connexin-43, however, is not fully understood. This study shows that these interactions aid in increasing the membrane potential of cardiomyocytes allowing contraction of the cells. HL-1 cardiomyocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages in coculture increased expression of connexin-43 compared to cardiomyocytes alone. Co-cultures also increased the fluorescence of Di-8-ANEPPS potentiometric dye indicating an increase in cardiomyocyte membrane potential. Treatment with IL-10 and TGF-beta further increased connexin-43 expression and membrane potential. Treatment with SOCS3 inhibited the effects of TGF-beta and IL-10 while having no effect on its own. …
Potential Involvement Of Micro Vesicle Particles In The Synergistic Effects Of Ultraviolet-B Radiation And Platelet -Activating Factor Receptor Agonists On Cytokine Production, Shweta Bhadri
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Cytokines play a pivotal role in regulating inflammation, which is a condition that makes the tissue vulnerable to different pathological and physiological conditions. Thus, how cytokines are regulated is an important area of study. Skin that receives ultraviolet B radiation (UVB), a major pro-oxidative stressor, results in the release of multiple cytokines and chemokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8. Previous studies from our group and others have demonstrated synergistic release of TNF-alpha when UVB is combined with IL-1 or the lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor (PAF). Of interest, subcellular microvesicle particles (MVP) have been proposed to play an …
The F-Box Protein Fbw7 Negatively Regulates The Stability Of Erk3 Protein, Nicole Walters
The F-Box Protein Fbw7 Negatively Regulates The Stability Of Erk3 Protein, Nicole Walters
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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 3 (ERK3) is a member of the atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) subfamily, whose members have been shown to play important roles in a number of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. While signals regulating ERK3 kinase activity remain unclear, ERK3 is known to be an unstable protein with function tightly regulated via ubiquitination and proteasomal turnover. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP20 has been shown to regulate ERK3 by stabilizing the kinase, but presently, no destabilizing ubiquitin ligases have been identified. The SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein (SCF) E3 ligases are a subfamily of ubiquitin E3 ligases composed of …
The Protective Effects Of Mir-210 Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells Released Exosomes In Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injured Neurons, Sri Meghana Yerrapragada
The Protective Effects Of Mir-210 Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells Released Exosomes In Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injured Neurons, Sri Meghana Yerrapragada
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Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to provide beneficial effects on oxidative stress. Exosomes (EXs) released from these stem cells could be one of the major contributors, as they are known to convey the benefit of one cell to another cell via microRNAs (miRNA). At first, we determined that EPCs release more EXs when they are serum-starved for 48 hours., and by determining the microRNA-210 (miR-210) levels in the EXs, we found that miRNA is being transferred from cells to EXs. Meanwhile, miR-210 is gaining popularity in reducing elevated oxidative stress levels. In this study, we investigated the role …
Quantitated Effects Of Nutritional Supplementation On Exercise Induced Sweat, Andrew Blake Austin Browder
Quantitated Effects Of Nutritional Supplementation On Exercise Induced Sweat, Andrew Blake Austin Browder
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Discovery studies have identified many metabolites contained in human sweat. However, quantitative analysis of the sweat metabolome content remains mostly unknown. Furthermore several attributes, including rate, have been defined to affect sweat metabolite content, while other effectors, like diet, remain unknown. This study works to quantitatively define the metabolite impact caused by nutritional supplementation. To better understand the effect diet plays, a LC-MS method was developed focusing on improving resolution and peak width. While the literature provided examples of how diet affected sweat metabolite concentrations, the long-term effects of diet have not been explored. The experiment described here attempts to …
Functions Of Atr Kinase In Terminally Differentiated Human Epidermal Keratinocyles And In Human Ex-Vivo Skin After Exposure To Ultraviolet B Radiation, Vivek Shashank Nag Gogusetti
Functions Of Atr Kinase In Terminally Differentiated Human Epidermal Keratinocyles And In Human Ex-Vivo Skin After Exposure To Ultraviolet B Radiation, Vivek Shashank Nag Gogusetti
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The functions of Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad-3 related protein (ATR) is very much important in a cell, as it is a DNA damage response protein, which plays an important role in cell division, DNA repair and apoptosis. This protein helps in proliferation in the actively DNA dividing normal cells and in cancer cells. The functions of ATR in a proliferating cell are well studied and known to involve regulation of replication fork and cell cycle progression after DNA damage. Whereas, in a non-replicating cell, the functions of ATR are not so well known. In the human body, most of the …
Microsatellites And Their Association With Break Induced Replication, French J. Damewood Iv
Microsatellites And Their Association With Break Induced Replication, French J. Damewood Iv
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
To study microsatellites instability and their repair pathways a dual fluorescent (DF2) and selectable (ganciclovir sensitive/ thymidine kinase (TK) expressing) cell system was assayed using replication fork stalling agents hydroxyurea and telomestatin. These cell lines carried ectopically integrated microsatellites derived from the Dystrophia Myotonica Protein Kinase (DMPK) gene ((CTG)102 microsatellite), or an 88 bp polypurine/ polypyrimidine (Pu/Py) repeat from the PKD-1 locus, inserted into a FLP recombinase target site. These microsatellites form non-B DNA structures in -vivo and in-vitro causing replication fork stalling and double strand breaks. DF2 myc (CTG)102 -TK cells treated with hydroxyurea were assayed for mutagenesis of …
Xeroderma Pigmentosum A Deficiency Results In Increased Generation Of Microvesicle Particles In Response To Ultraviolet B Radiation, Christian Lea Rajeshkumar
Xeroderma Pigmentosum A Deficiency Results In Increased Generation Of Microvesicle Particles In Response To Ultraviolet B Radiation, Christian Lea Rajeshkumar
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Xeroderma Pigmentosum is a genetic disorder in which ability to repair DNA damage such as from UV radiation is decreased. Nucleotide excision repair is known for repairing DNA damage caused by UV radiation and XPA plays a major role in recognizing and eliminating abnormal section of DNA. Therefore, XPA deficiency decreases repair efficiency of DNA. Of note, XPA deficiency is linked with photosensitivity. Microvesicle particles are membrane-bound particles which are released into the extracellular environment in response to multiple stimuli including the lipid Platelet activating factor (PAF). Previous studies have shown that XPA deficiency can induce increase production of reactive …
Interleukin-2 Receptor Alpha Nuclear Localization Impacts Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function And Phenotype, Kristie Nhi Dinh
Interleukin-2 Receptor Alpha Nuclear Localization Impacts Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function And Phenotype, Kristie Nhi Dinh
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Atherosclerosis is responsible for 50% of all deaths in western society and is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases (Pahwa et al. 2020). Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) play a vital role in the development of atherosclerotic plaques; this is due to their ability to proliferate and migrate in response to inflammation and damage to arteries’ inner linings. To further understand what causes these cells to proliferate and migrate, our lab has previously found that VSMC express all three subunits of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). Out of these three subunits, IL-2Rα appeared to change the most depending on the phenotype …
Extracellular Vesicles From Uvb Irradiated Keratinocytes Contain Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers, Meghana Reddy Ginugu
Extracellular Vesicles From Uvb Irradiated Keratinocytes Contain Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers, Meghana Reddy Ginugu
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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in genomic DNA, which are normally removed by nucleotide excision repair. However, the fate of these adducts remain largely unexplored. Detection of these photoproducts in body fluids could act as a predictor of UV exposure and enable a better understanding of the pathogenesis of photosensitive skin diseases, such as lupus. Using cultured human keratinocytes exposed to UVB radiation in vitro, ultracentrifugation of cell culture supernatants, and immunodot blot analysis of isolated DNA, we have found that a small fraction of CPDs is released from cells in a dose- and …
Investigating Streptococcus Pneumoniae And Adenovirus Co-Infections Of Lung Epithelial Cells, Mark Nicholas Calabro
Investigating Streptococcus Pneumoniae And Adenovirus Co-Infections Of Lung Epithelial Cells, Mark Nicholas Calabro
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Co-infection is common among viruses and bacteria in the human respiratory system. Adenovirus (AdV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae are clinically relevant respiratory pathogens that cause morbidity and mortality in a variety of patient populations with the highest morbidity occurring among immunocompromised individuals, but also prevalent in infants and the elderly. Acute respiratory distress syndrome may become severe in healthy individuals when co-infection with S. pneumoniae and AdV occurs due to synergistic effects of the pathogens on the host. I hypothesized that S. pneumoniae infection decreases AdV transduction of airway epithelia. To test this hypothesis, we utilized the polarized immortalized airway epithelial …
Functional Characterization Of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus Matrix Protein In Host Cellular Responses, Jeffery Ringiesn
Functional Characterization Of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus Matrix Protein In Host Cellular Responses, Jeffery Ringiesn
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Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a deadly fish pathogen that poses a global threat to aquatic ecosystems and the aquaculture industry. For decades, research has focused on developing vaccine therapeutics utilizing a variety of techniques and strategies. While these studies have met with some success in identifying potential vaccine targets that provided protective immunity, a commercially viable IHNV vaccine is currently unavailable. Here we explore the relationship between the structure and function of the IHNV matrix (M) protein through the introduction of mutations that reduce anti-host effects, with the goal of developing a novel recombinant IHNV with reduced pathogenicity …
Potential Drug Treatment For Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Which Could Be Through Upregulation Of Lipin1, Rajsi Y. Thaker
Potential Drug Treatment For Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Which Could Be Through Upregulation Of Lipin1, Rajsi Y. Thaker
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder leading to progressive muscle degeneration and weakness due to mutation in dystrophin gene, which is very important for maintaining muscle membrane integrity. Dystrophin is the largest gene in the human genome therefore more prone to mutation. There is currently no cure for DMD. Our lab recently found that Lipin1 deficient myofibers showed upregulation of necroptosis correlated with the loss of muscle membrane integrity. Our primary approach for ameliorating dystrophic phenotype in DMD is through reduction of necroptosis using drugs which can potentially upregulate Lipin1 expression. In this study, we identified two drugs …
Characterizing The Effects Of 14-3-3 Isoforms On Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity In A Yeast Model, Angela Marie Braunschweiger
Characterizing The Effects Of 14-3-3 Isoforms On Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity In A Yeast Model, Angela Marie Braunschweiger
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The presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein encoded by SNCA is the primary component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites which are the histopathological hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease. While the etiology of Parkinson’s remains unclear, SNCA mutations and copy number variations are one of several genes linked to Parkinson’s. The family of highly conserved chaperone proteins 14-3-3 have been shown to co-aggregate and share regions of 40% homology with alpha-synuclein. Mitochondrial dysfunction also plays a role in Parkinson’s disease with abnormalities in mitochondrial respiration due to interference of complex I in the electron transport chain being found in Parkinson’s patients. Alpha-synuclein increases fragmentation …