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- 3 Gorges Dam; Changjiang Estuary; River Estuary; Turbidity Maximum; China; Transport; Discharge; Sea; Dynamics; Shelf (1)
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- EAST PACIFIC RISE; HYDROTHERMAL VENTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; 9-DEGREES-50'N; ERUPTION; COLONIZATION; HABITATS; PATTERNS; LARVAE (1)
- Eelgrass; Zostera marina; Restoration; Seagrass; Coastal bays; Ecosystem services (1)
- Effective Population-Size; Multilocus Genotype Data; Postglacial Colonization; Microsatellite Data; Maximum-Likelihood; Allele Frequencies; Provide Evidence; Glacial Refugia; Mitochondrial; Software (1)
- Estuarine ecology (1)
- Exotic species; Ontogenetic habitat shift; Predation; Prey size refuge; Novel ecosystem; Emerging ecosystem; Macroalgae; Seagrass (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Increased Feeding And Nutrient Excretion Of Adult Antarctic Krill, Euphausia Superba, Exposed To Enhanced Carbon Dioxide (Co2), Gk Saba, O Schofield, Jj Torres, Eh Ombres, Deborah K. Steinberg
Increased Feeding And Nutrient Excretion Of Adult Antarctic Krill, Euphausia Superba, Exposed To Enhanced Carbon Dioxide (Co2), Gk Saba, O Schofield, Jj Torres, Eh Ombres, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Ocean acidification has a wide-ranging potential for impacting the physiology and metabolism of zooplankton. Sufficiently elevated CO2 concentrations can alter internal acid-base balance, compromising homeostatic regulation and disrupting internal systems ranging from oxygen transport to ion balance. We assessed feeding and nutrient excretion rates in natural populations of the keystone species Euphausia superba (Antarctic krill) by conducting a CO2 perturbation experiment at ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 levels in January 2011 along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Under elevated CO2 conditions (similar to 672 ppm), ingestion rates of krill averaged 78 mu g C individual(-1) d(-1) and were 3.5 times …
Circle Hooks In Commercial, Recreational, And Artisanal Fisheries: Research Status And Needs For Improved Conservation And Management, Je Serafy, Sj Cooke, Ga Diaz, John Graves, Et Al
Circle Hooks In Commercial, Recreational, And Artisanal Fisheries: Research Status And Needs For Improved Conservation And Management, Je Serafy, Sj Cooke, Ga Diaz, John Graves, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The intent of convening the International Symposium on Circle Hooks in Research, Management, and Conservation was to yield a contemporary, science-based assessment of the management and conservation utility of circle hooks in commercial, recreational, and artisanal fisheries around the globe. The symposium objective was to provide a forum for individuals, organizations, and agencies to share relevant research results and perspectives. Based on the presentations, an examination of the literature, and the collective experience and knowledge of the authors, we provide a brief overview of the current status of circle hook research along with a list of research needs, with a …
Incorporating Circle Hooks Into Atlantic Pelagic Fisheries: Case Studies From The Commercial Tuna/Swordfish Longline And Recreational Billfish Fisheries, John Graves, Az Horodysky, Dw Kerstetter
Incorporating Circle Hooks Into Atlantic Pelagic Fisheries: Case Studies From The Commercial Tuna/Swordfish Longline And Recreational Billfish Fisheries, John Graves, Az Horodysky, Dw Kerstetter
VIMS Articles
An emerging body of literature has demonstrated the benefits of the use of circle hooks relative to standard J-hooks in commercial and recreational fisheries. In the pelagic longline fishery for tunas (Thunnus spp.) and swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758), the use of circle hooks has resulted in greater catch rates of some target species, lower catch rates of some bycatch species, and a higher percentage of many target and bycatch species alive at the time of haulback (gear retrieval). However, a lack of agreement among results of studies conducted in different fisheries and areas, using different baits and rigging techniques, …
Global Patterns In The Impact Of Marine Herbivores On Benthic Primary Producers, Alistair G.B. Poore, Alexandra H. Campbell, Ross Coleman, Graham J. Edgar, Veijo Jormalainen, Pamela L. Reynolds, Erik E. Sotka, John J. Stachowicz, Richard Taylor, Mathew A. Vanderklift, J. Emmett Duffy
Global Patterns In The Impact Of Marine Herbivores On Benthic Primary Producers, Alistair G.B. Poore, Alexandra H. Campbell, Ross Coleman, Graham J. Edgar, Veijo Jormalainen, Pamela L. Reynolds, Erik E. Sotka, John J. Stachowicz, Richard Taylor, Mathew A. Vanderklift, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
Despite the importance of consumers in structuring communities, and the widespread assumption that consumption is strongest at low latitudes, empirical tests for global scale patterns in the magnitude of consumer impacts are limited. In marine systems, the long tradition of experimentally excluding herbivores in their natural environments allows consumer impacts to be quantified on global scales using consistent methodology. We present a quantitative synthesis of 613 marine herbivore exclusion experiments to test the influence of consumer traits, producer traits and the environment on the strength of herbivore impacts on benthic producers. Across the globe, marine herbivores profoundly reduced producer abundance …
Effects Of Trophic Skewing Of Species Richness Onecosystem Functioning In A Diverse Marine Community, Pamela L. Reynolds, John F. Bruno
Effects Of Trophic Skewing Of Species Richness Onecosystem Functioning In A Diverse Marine Community, Pamela L. Reynolds, John F. Bruno
VIMS Articles
Widespread overharvesting of top consumers of the world's ecosystems has "skewed" food webs, in terms of biomass and species richness, towards a generally greater domination at lower trophic levels. This skewing is exacerbated in locations where exotic species are predominantly low-trophic level consumers such as benthic macrophytes, detritivores, and filter feeders. However, in some systems where numerous exotic predators have been added, sometimes purposefully as in many freshwater systems, food webs are skewed in the opposite direction toward consumer dominance. Little is known about how such modifications to food web topology, e.g., changes in the ratio of predator to prey …
Bioturbation In A Declining Oxygen Environment, In Situ Observations From Wormcam, S. Kersey Sturdivant, Robert J. Diaz, George R. Cutter
Bioturbation In A Declining Oxygen Environment, In Situ Observations From Wormcam, S. Kersey Sturdivant, Robert J. Diaz, George R. Cutter
VIMS Articles
Bioturbation, the displacement and mixing of sediment particles by fauna or flora, facilitates life supporting processes by increasing the quality of marine sediments. In the marine environment bioturbation is primarily mediated by infaunal organisms, which are susceptible to perturbations in their surrounding environment due to their sedentary life history traits. Of particular concern is hypoxia, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations ≤2.8 mg l−1, a prevalent and persistent problem that affects both pelagic and benthic fauna. A benthic observing system (Wormcam) consisting of a buoy, telemetering electronics, sediment profile camera, and water quality datasonde was developed and deployed in the …
Abstracts Of Technical Papers, Presented At The 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, Washington, March 24–29, 2012, National Shellfisheries Association
Abstracts Of Technical Papers, Presented At The 104th Annual Meeting, National Shellfisheries Association, Seattle, Washington, March 24–29, 2012, National Shellfisheries Association
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Multivariable Statistical Regression Models Of The Areal Extent Of Hypoxia Over The Texas-Louisiana Continental Shelf, David R. Forrest, Robert D. Hetland, Steven F. Dimarco
Multivariable Statistical Regression Models Of The Areal Extent Of Hypoxia Over The Texas-Louisiana Continental Shelf, David R. Forrest, Robert D. Hetland, Steven F. Dimarco
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Diseases Of Oysters Crassostrea Ariakensis And C. Virginica Reared In Ambient Waters From The Choptank River, Maryland And The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, Cf Dungan, Ryan Carnegie, Km Hill, Cb Mccollough, Se Laramore, Cj Kelly, Na Stokes, J Scarpa
Diseases Of Oysters Crassostrea Ariakensis And C. Virginica Reared In Ambient Waters From The Choptank River, Maryland And The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, Cf Dungan, Ryan Carnegie, Km Hill, Cb Mccollough, Se Laramore, Cj Kelly, Na Stokes, J Scarpa
VIMS Articles
To assess potential benefits and liabilities from a proposed introduction of Asian Suminoe oysters, susceptibilities of exotic Crassostrea ariakensis and native C. virginica oysters were compared during exposures to pathogens endemic in temperate, mesohaline waters of Chesapeake Bay and sub-tropical, polyhaline Atlantic waters of southern Florida, USA. Cohorts of diploid, sibling oysters of both species were periodically tested for diseases while reared in mesocosms receiving ambient waters from the Choptank River, Maryland (>3 yr) or the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (10 to 11 mo). Haplosporidium sp. infections (e.g. MSX disease) were not detected in oysters from either site. Perkinsus …
Historical Ecology With Real Numbers: Past And Present Extent And Biomass Of An Imperilled Estuarine Habitat, Psez Ermgassen, Md Spalding, B Blake, Ld Coen, B Dumbauld, Mark Luckenbach, Et Al.
Historical Ecology With Real Numbers: Past And Present Extent And Biomass Of An Imperilled Estuarine Habitat, Psez Ermgassen, Md Spalding, B Blake, Ld Coen, B Dumbauld, Mark Luckenbach, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Historic baselines are important in developing our understanding of ecosystems in the face of rapid global change. While a number of studies have sought to determine changes in extent of exploited habitats over historic timescales, few have quantified such changes prior to late twentieth century baselines. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first ever large-scale quantitative assessment of the extent and biomass of marine habitat-forming species over a 100-year time frame. We examined records of wild native oyster abundance in the United States from a historic, yet already exploited, baseline between 1878 and 1935 (predominantly 1885-1915), and a current …
Genetic Structure Of Eurasian Badgers Meles Meles (Carnivora: Mustelidae) And The Colonization History Of Ireland, Db O'Meara, Cj Edwards, Dp Sleeman, Tf Cross, Mj Statham, Jr Mcdowell, Et Al.
Genetic Structure Of Eurasian Badgers Meles Meles (Carnivora: Mustelidae) And The Colonization History Of Ireland, Db O'Meara, Cj Edwards, Dp Sleeman, Tf Cross, Mj Statham, Jr Mcdowell, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
The present study examined the contemporary genetic composition of the Eurasian badger, Meles meles, in Ireland, Britain and Western Europe, using six nuclear microsatellite loci and a 215-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Significant population structure was evident within Europe (global multilocus microsatellite FST = 0.205, P < 0.001; global mitochondrial control region FST = 0.399, P < 0.001). Microsatellite-based cluster analyses detected one population in Ireland, whereas badgers from Britain could be subdivided into several populations. Excluding the island populations of Ireland and Britain, badgers from Western Europe showed further structuring, with evidence of discrete Scandinavian, Central European, and Spanish populations. Mitochondrial DNA cluster analysis grouped the Irish population with Scandinavia and Spain, whereas the majority of British haplotypes grouped with those from Central Europe. The findings of the present study suggest that British and Irish badger populations colonized from different refugial areas, or that there were different waves of colonization from the source population. There are indications for the presence of an Atlantic fringe element, which has been seen in other Irish species. We discuss the results in light of the controversy about natural versus human-mediated introductions. (c) 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, , .
Relative Role Of Wind Forcing And Riverine Nutrient Input On The Extent Of Hypoxia In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Y Feng, Sf Dimarco, Ga Jackson
Relative Role Of Wind Forcing And Riverine Nutrient Input On The Extent Of Hypoxia In The Northern Gulf Of Mexico, Y Feng, Sf Dimarco, Ga Jackson
VIMS Articles
Seasonal hypoxia of the northern Gulf of Mexico has been observed for more than 25 years. It is generally accepted that the variation in the areal extent of hypoxia is determined by changes in nutrient addition from the Mississippi River. In this study, we investigate the statistical relation between the hypoxic area and a new variable, the duration of west wind, using the available measurements for the period 1985-2010. Special consideration was paid to the 1993-2010 period, a time when a large shift in the seasonal hypoxia pattern has been reported. When excluding the years in which hurricanes directly impacted …
On The Accumulation Of Organic Matter On The Southeastern Brazilian Continental Shelf: A Case Study Based On A Sediment Core From The Shelf Off Rio De Janeiro, Renato Da Silva Carreira, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Stephen A. Macko, Mariana B. Lopez, Leticia G. Luz, Luciana N. Jasmim
On The Accumulation Of Organic Matter On The Southeastern Brazilian Continental Shelf: A Case Study Based On A Sediment Core From The Shelf Off Rio De Janeiro, Renato Da Silva Carreira, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Stephen A. Macko, Mariana B. Lopez, Leticia G. Luz, Luciana N. Jasmim
VIMS Articles
Sterol and fatty acid biomarkers and isotopic composition (delta 13C and delta 15N) of bulk organic matter (OM) were quantified in a sediment core to characterize the accumulation of autochthonous OM in an area on the continental shelf adjacent to Rio de Janeiro State. In the sediment surface (0-1 cm) the concentration of total sterols and fatty acids was at least one order of magnitude higher than that measured deeper down in the core and was dominated by labile and planktonic-derived biomarker compounds. These results suggest, as is confirmed by multivariate statistical analysis, the occurrence of an event of enhanced …
Use Of A Natural Isotopic Signature In Otoliths To Evaluate Scale-Based Age Determination For American Shad, Sally A. Upton, Benjamin D. Walther, Simon R. Thorrold, John E. Olney
Use Of A Natural Isotopic Signature In Otoliths To Evaluate Scale-Based Age Determination For American Shad, Sally A. Upton, Benjamin D. Walther, Simon R. Thorrold, John E. Olney
VIMS Articles
We used delta O-18 signatures in otoliths as a natural tag for hatch year to evaluate the scale-based age determination method used for adult American shad Alosa sapidissima in the York River, Virginia. Juveniles of the 2002 year-class exhibited high delta O-18 values in otolith cores that identified adult members of the cohort as they returned to spawn. Recruitment of the 2002 cohort was monitored for three consecutive years, identifying age-4, age-5, and age-6 individuals of the York River stock. The scale-based age determination method was not suitable for aging age-4, age-5, or age-6 American shad in the York River. …
Ciliate Epibionts Associated With Crustacean Zooplankton In German Lakes: Distribution, Motility, And Bacterivory, Samantha L. Bickel, Kam W. Tang, Hans-Peter Grossart
Ciliate Epibionts Associated With Crustacean Zooplankton In German Lakes: Distribution, Motility, And Bacterivory, Samantha L. Bickel, Kam W. Tang, Hans-Peter Grossart
VIMS Articles
Ciliate epibionts associated with crustacean zooplankton are widespread in aquatic systems, but their ecological roles are little known. We studied the occurrence of ciliate epibionts on crustacean zooplankton in nine German lakes with different limnological features during the summer of 2011. We also measured the detachment and re-attachment rates of the ciliates, changes in their motility, and the feeding rates of attached vs. detached ciliate epibionts. Epibionts were found in all lakes sampled except an acidic lake with large humic inputs. Epibiont prevalence was as high as 80.96% on the cladoceran Daphnia cucullata, 67.17% on the cladoceran Diaphanosoma brachyurum, and …
Characterization And Ecological Implication Of Eelgrass Life History Strategies Near The Species' Southern Limit In The Western North Atlantic, Jessie C. Jarvis, Ken Moore, W. Judson Kenworthy
Characterization And Ecological Implication Of Eelgrass Life History Strategies Near The Species' Southern Limit In The Western North Atlantic, Jessie C. Jarvis, Ken Moore, W. Judson Kenworthy
VIMS Articles
Eelgrass Zostera marina L. populations located near the species southern limit in the western North Atlantic were assessed monthly from July 2007 through November 2008. We identified (1) dominant life history strategies and local environmental conditions in southern Z. marina populations, (2) quantified differences in reproductive phenology between populations and different local environmental conditions, and (3) compared reproductive strategies to established annual and perennial life history paradigms. Observed populations expressed both life history strategies with one Z. marina population completely losing aboveground biomass and reestablishing from seeds (annual model) while another population retained aboveground biomass throughout the year (perennial model). …
The "100 Lobsters" Project: A Cooperative Demonstration Project For Health Assessments Of Lobsters From Rhode Island, Jeffrey D. Shields, Kersten N. Wheeler, Ja Moss, B Somers, K Castro
The "100 Lobsters" Project: A Cooperative Demonstration Project For Health Assessments Of Lobsters From Rhode Island, Jeffrey D. Shields, Kersten N. Wheeler, Ja Moss, B Somers, K Castro
VIMS Articles
The emergence of epizootic shell disease in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) has been devastating to the fishing industry in southern New England. In response, research was initiated to understand the roles of the environment, pathogens, and pollutants in the ecology and etiology of the disease. A comprehensive project was initiated in which tissues and hemolymph from 100 lobsters were collected from an endemic area of disease, Narragansett Bay, RI. The project has moved forward with the purpose of compiling, synthesizing, and propagating the findings from the "100 Lobsters" Project. The resulting tissue bank and Web-based data repository and instructional …
Genetic Diversity Of The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Virus, Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1), And The Discovery Of Pav1 In Lobster Postlarvae, Ja Moss, Mj Butler, Dc Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields
Genetic Diversity Of The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Virus, Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1), And The Discovery Of Pav1 In Lobster Postlarvae, Ja Moss, Mj Butler, Dc Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) is an unclassified, pathogenic virus first discovered in Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus from the Florida Keys, USA, and has since been confirmed in lobsters in other parts of the Caribbean. Several studies have examined the prevalence, pathogenicity, and population dynamics of the pathogen in the lobster host, but little is known about the genetic diversity of the virus. We analyzed a fragment of viral DNA from lobsters collected in the Florida Keys, which provided the first insight into the genetic diversity of PaV1. The variation in viral sequences, both within and between individual lobsters, …
Seasonal Distributions And Movements Of Longnose Gar (Lepisosteus Osseus) Within The York River System, Virginia, Patrick E. Mcgrath, Eric J. Hilton, John A. Musick
Seasonal Distributions And Movements Of Longnose Gar (Lepisosteus Osseus) Within The York River System, Virginia, Patrick E. Mcgrath, Eric J. Hilton, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
The seasonal movements of Lepisosteus osseus (Longnose Gar) are largely unknown. The goal of this project was to characterize spawning movements and seasonal distributions by using acoustic tagging methods and examining historical catch records from a trawl survey. This is the first time that movements have been studied for an estuarine population of Longnose Gar. Two individuals moved greater minimum distances (69 and 74 km) than found in the only other report on movement in this species. Spawning-ground residency time, collected from two tagged Longnose Gar, was approximately one month, and tidal periodicity was observed for one of the two …
Changes In Biodiversity And Environmental Stressors Influence Community Structure Of An Experimental Eelgrass Zostera Marina System, Rachael E. Blake, J. Emmett Duffy
Changes In Biodiversity And Environmental Stressors Influence Community Structure Of An Experimental Eelgrass Zostera Marina System, Rachael E. Blake, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
Changes in biodiversity can result in decreased ecosystem functioning and loss of ecosystem services, but altered biodiversity is only one of many stressors impacting ecosystems. In many estuaries, environmental stressors such as warming water temperatures and eutrophication are increasing and negatively impacting biological communities, particularly seagrasses such as the important habitat-forming species Zostera marina (eelgrass). These negative impacts may change the diversity, composition, and functioning of this important ecosystem, but the interactions of stressors with changes in biodiversity are poorly understood. We manipulated eelgrass communities in a factorial experiment to test how changes in crustacean grazer diversity, warmer water temperatures, …
Interannual Variability Of Primary Production And Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Storage In The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Ya-Wei Luo, Hugh W. Ducklow, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Matthew Church, David Karl, Scott C. Doney
Interannual Variability Of Primary Production And Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Storage In The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Ya-Wei Luo, Hugh W. Ducklow, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Matthew Church, David Karl, Scott C. Doney
VIMS Articles
The upper ocean primary production measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT) at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre showed substantial variability over the last two decades. The annual average primary production varied within a limited range over 1991-1998, significantly increased in 1999-2000 and then gradually decreased afterwards. This variability was investigated using a one-dimensional ecosystem model. The long-term HOT observations were used to constrain the model by prescribing physical forcings and lower boundary conditions and optimizing the model parameters against data using data assimilation. The model reproduced the general interannual pattern in the observed primary production, …
Detecting The Influence Of Initial Pioneers On Succession At Deep-Sea Vents, Lauren S. Mullineaux, Nadine Le Bris, Susan W. Mills, Pauline Henri, Skylar R. Bayer, Richard G. Secrist, Nam Siu
Detecting The Influence Of Initial Pioneers On Succession At Deep-Sea Vents, Lauren S. Mullineaux, Nadine Le Bris, Susan W. Mills, Pauline Henri, Skylar R. Bayer, Richard G. Secrist, Nam Siu
VIMS Articles
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are subject to major disturbances that alter the physical and chemical environment and eradicate the resident faunal communities. Vent fields are isolated by uninhabitable deep seafloor, so recolonization via dispersal of planktonic larvae is critical for persistence of populations. We monitored colonization near 9 degrees 50'N on the East Pacific Rise following a catastrophic eruption in order to address questions of the relative contributions of pioneer colonists and environmental change to variation in species composition, and the role of pioneers at the disturbed site in altering community structure elsewhere in the region. Pioneer colonists included two gastropod …
Global Trophic Position Comparison Of Two Dominant Mesopelagic Fish Families (Myctophidae, Stomiidae) Using Amino Acid Nitrogen Isotopic Analyses, C. Anela Choy, Tracey T. Sutton
Global Trophic Position Comparison Of Two Dominant Mesopelagic Fish Families (Myctophidae, Stomiidae) Using Amino Acid Nitrogen Isotopic Analyses, C. Anela Choy, Tracey T. Sutton
VIMS Articles
The delta N-15 values of organisms are commonly used across diverse ecosystems to estimate trophic position and infer trophic connectivity. We undertook a novel cross-basin comparison of trophic position in two ecologically well-characterized and different groups of dominant mid-water fish consumers using amino acid nitrogen isotope compositions. We found that trophic positions estimated from the delta N-15 values of individual amino acids are nearly uniform within both families of these fishes across five global regions despite great variability in bulk tissue delta N-15 values. Regional differences in the delta N-15 values of phenylalanine confirmed that bulk tissue delta N-15 values …
Exotic Macroalga Gracilaria Vermiculophylla Provides Superior Nursery Habitat For Native Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, Cora Ann Johnston, Rom Lipcius
Exotic Macroalga Gracilaria Vermiculophylla Provides Superior Nursery Habitat For Native Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, Cora Ann Johnston, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Exotic species often reduce the abundance or diversity of species in marine ecosystems, but some exotics may benefit native species, such as when habitat is enhanced. In Chesapeake Bay, the exotic macroalga Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Rhodophyta) has flourished and dispersed widely, yet the consequences for native species diversity and abundance are not well known. We experimentally examined the capacity of the structurally complex G. vermiculophylla to provide nursery habitat for the blue crab Callinectes sapidus in Chesapeake Bay, where native eelgrass nursery habitat has dwindled. We also examined ontogenetic shifts in survival across alternative nursery habitats. In field surveys, juvenile density …
Eelgrass Survival In Two Contrasting Systems: Role Of Turbidity And Summer Water Temperatures, Ken Moore, Erin C. Shields, David B. Parrish, R J. Orth
Eelgrass Survival In Two Contrasting Systems: Role Of Turbidity And Summer Water Temperatures, Ken Moore, Erin C. Shields, David B. Parrish, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Eelgrass Zostera marina L. distribution patterns in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA have shown complex changes, with recovery from losses in the 1930s varying between the coastal lagoons and Chesapeake Bay. Restoration efforts in the coastal bays of Virginia introduced Z. marina back to this system, and expansion since 2005 has averaged 66% yr(-1). In contrast, Chesapeake Bay has experienced 2% expansion and has undergone 2 significant die-off events, in 2005 and 2010. We used a temperature-dependent light model to show that from 2005 to 2010 during daylight periods in the summer, coastal bay beds received at least 100% …
The Ross Sea In A Sea Of Change, Walker O. Smith Jr., Pn Sedwick, Kr Arrigo, Dg Ainley, Ah Orsi
The Ross Sea In A Sea Of Change, Walker O. Smith Jr., Pn Sedwick, Kr Arrigo, Dg Ainley, Ah Orsi
VIMS Articles
The Ross Sea, the most productive region in the Antarctic, reaches farther south than any body of water in the world. While its food web is relatively intact, its oceanography, biogeochemistry, and sea ice coverage have been changing dramatically, and likely will continue to do so in the future. Sea ice cover and persistence have been increasing, in contrast to the Amundsen-Bellingshausen sector, which has resulted in reduced open water duration for its biota. Models predict that as the ozone hole recovers, ice cover will begin to diminish. Currents on the continental shelf will likely change in the coming century, …
Assimilatory Nitrate Utilization By Bacteria On The West Florida Shelf As Determined By Stable Isotope Probing And Functional Microarray Analysis, B Wawrik, Wb Boling, Jd Van Nostrand, Jp Xie, Jz Zhou, Da Bronk
Assimilatory Nitrate Utilization By Bacteria On The West Florida Shelf As Determined By Stable Isotope Probing And Functional Microarray Analysis, B Wawrik, Wb Boling, Jd Van Nostrand, Jp Xie, Jz Zhou, Da Bronk
VIMS Articles
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) uptake by marine heterotrophic bacteria has important implications for the global nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) cycles. Bacterial nitrate utilization is more prevalent in the marine environment than traditionally thought, but the taxonomic identity of bacteria that utilize nitrate is difficult to determine using traditional methodologies. 15N-based DNA stable isotope probing was applied to document direct use of nitrate by heterotrophic bacteria on the West Florida Shelf. Seawater was incubated in the presence of 2 mu M 15N ammonium or 15N nitrate. DNA was extracted, fractionated via CsCl ultracentrifugation, and each fraction was analyzed by terminal …
Disease Will Limit Future Food Supply From The Global Crustacean Fishery And Aquaculture Sectors, Gd Stentiford, Dm Neil, Ej Peeler, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small
Disease Will Limit Future Food Supply From The Global Crustacean Fishery And Aquaculture Sectors, Gd Stentiford, Dm Neil, Ej Peeler, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small
VIMS Articles
Seafood is a highly traded food commodity. Farmed and captured crustaceans contribute a significant proportion with annual production exceeding 10 M metric tonnes with first sale value of $40bn. The sector is dominated by farmed tropical marine shrimp, the fastest growing sector of the global aquaculture industry. It is significant in supporting rural livelihoods and alleviating poverty in producing nations within Asia and Latin America while forming an increasing contribution to aquatic food supply in more developed countries. Nations with marine borders often also support important marine fisheries for crustaceans that are regionally traded as live animals and commodity products. …
Two Decades Of Pelagic Ecology Of The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Deborah K. Steinberg, D G. Martinson, D P. Costa
Two Decades Of Pelagic Ecology Of The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Deborah K. Steinberg, D G. Martinson, D P. Costa
VIMS Articles
Significant strides in our understanding of the marine pelagic ecosystem of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region have been made over the past two decades, resulting from research conducted aboard ARSV Laurence M. Gould and RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer. These advances range from an understanding of the physical forcing on biology, to food web ecology (from microbes to top predators), to biogeochemical cycling, often in the larger context of rapid climate warming in the region. The proximity of the WAP to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and WAP continental shelf bathymetry affects the hydrography and helps structure the biological community. Seasonal, …
A Fully Coupled 3d Wave-Current Interaction Model On Unstructured Grids, Aron Roland, Yinglong J. Zhang, Harry V. Wang, Yanqiu Meng, Yi-Cheng Teng, Vladimir Maderich, Igor Brovchenko, Mathieu Dutour-Sikiric, Ulrich Zanke
A Fully Coupled 3d Wave-Current Interaction Model On Unstructured Grids, Aron Roland, Yinglong J. Zhang, Harry V. Wang, Yanqiu Meng, Yi-Cheng Teng, Vladimir Maderich, Igor Brovchenko, Mathieu Dutour-Sikiric, Ulrich Zanke
VIMS Articles
We present a new modeling system for wave-current interaction based on unstructured grids and thus suitable for very large-scale high-resolution multiscale studies. The coupling between the 3D current model (SELFE) and the 3rd generation spectral wave model (WWM-II) is done at the source code level and the two models share same sub-domains in the parallel MPI implementation in order to ensure parallel efficiency and avoid interpolation. We demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, stability and robustness of the coupled SELFE-WWM-II model with a suite of progressively challenging benchmarks with analytical solution, laboratory data, and field data. The coupled model is shown to …