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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Fecundity Of Triploid Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) As A Function Of Tetraploid Lineage, Kate Ritter
Fecundity Of Triploid Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) As A Function Of Tetraploid Lineage, Kate Ritter
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Rapid growth rate and partial sterility have made triploid eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) the most popular crop variety for the Virginia oyster aquaculture industry, typically comprising greater than 90% of larvae and juvenile sales. Triploid advantages, however, sometimes come with the disadvantage of higher mortality in late spring and early summer, dubbed “triploid mortality.” In recent years, farms up and down the East Coast, especially Maryland and south into the Gulf of Mexico have experienced triploid mortality. Some of the reports include observations of elevated triploid fecundity. Triploid oysters are created by crossing tetraploids to diploids, and much of the …
Unexplored Aspects Of The Biotic Filter To Seedling Recruitment In Aquatic Environments, Andrew James Johnson
Unexplored Aspects Of The Biotic Filter To Seedling Recruitment In Aquatic Environments, Andrew James Johnson
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Sexual reproduction provides submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) populations unique opportunities for dispersal, genetic mixing, and resilience in the event of catastrophic population declines. Relative to asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction is a risky resource investment and can have a lower probability of success. A wide variety of abiotic and biotic interactions common in both terrestrial and aquatic environments can lead to significant mortality of seeds and seedlings. The goal of this dissertation is to explore the diversity of biological interactions that influence seed and seedling survival in SAV that drive the population dynamics and restoration success of SAV species. A combination …
Invasive Species Research In Compensatory Wetland Mitigation: Investigating Plant Community Composition And Environmental Correlates With Three Invasive Plants, Dakota Hunter
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Invasive plant species can alter natural communities and degrade ecosystem function, yet the factors influencing species invasion are poorly understood. Understanding how environmental factors affect plant invasion on compensatory wetland mitigation sites would allow wetland managers to approach invasive species management using a proactive approach (prior to invasion), thus minimizing the likelihood of invasive plants colonizing the system and degrading ecosystem function. In Chapter 1, I introduce the concepts and relevant literature used repeatedly in my project. In Chapter 2, I examine which key environmental factors are associated with altered plant community structure and invasive species prevalence on compensatory wetland …
Impacts Of Margalefidinium Polykrikoides And Alexandrium Monilatum On Oysters Cultured In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Clara L. Robison
Impacts Of Margalefidinium Polykrikoides And Alexandrium Monilatum On Oysters Cultured In Lower Chesapeake Bay, Clara L. Robison
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are expanding globally and are anticipated to continue increasing with climate change. Two dinoflagellate species, Margalefidinium polykrikoides and Alexandrium monilatum, form extensive and dense blooms most summers in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Alexandrium monilatum, which produces the toxin goniodomin A, tends to bloom soon after M. polykrikoides, for which a toxin has not yet been identified. Previous laboratory studies and a more limited number of field studies indicate mortality and pathology in multiple shellfish species associated with exposure to M. polykrikoides and A. monilatum. However, the impacts of sequential exposure to both HAB species on marine …
Partitioning Of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants And Microbial Communities On Microplastics, Kelley Ann Uhlig
Partitioning Of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants And Microbial Communities On Microplastics, Kelley Ann Uhlig
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Microplastic contamination of aquatic environments has only recently caught the attention of scientists, regulators and the public. Microplastics are typically more recalcitrant than naturally occurring polymers and so have the potential to cause a range of issues, including increased exposure of marine life to chemical contaminants sorbed to or leached from microplastics, negative impacts due to ingestion of microplastics by biota, and the potential to carry and transport pathogenic and invasive species long distances. Bio-based, bio-degradable polymers have begun to gain market share as an alternative to traditional petrochemical-based plastics, but not much is known about their impacts in marine …
Satellites, Seagrass, And Blue Crabs: Understanding Inter-Annual Fluctuations And Linkages In The York River, Kristen Bachand
Satellites, Seagrass, And Blue Crabs: Understanding Inter-Annual Fluctuations And Linkages In The York River, Kristen Bachand
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
To protect and manage ecosystems over large spatial scales, repeated mapping with remote sensing, such as aerial photography, is valuable, but several potential problems need to be overcome to generate accurate maps. For instance, to monitor submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), such as seagrass, satellite imagery must often capture seasonal and interannual variation as well as disturbances. We used a model system, SAV and the blue crab Callinectes sapidus in the lower Chesapeake Bay, to examine (i) if Planet Lab (PL) satellite imagery can be used to accurately estimate SAV coverage by comparing PL images coincident with those of the VIMS …
Human Dimensions Of A Participatory, Collaborative Modeling Process - Oysterfutures, Taylor Dawn Goelz
Human Dimensions Of A Participatory, Collaborative Modeling Process - Oysterfutures, Taylor Dawn Goelz
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Participatory, collaborative modeling processes represent a unique decision-making technique within natural resources management that allows for the combination of stakeholder involvement with the analytical and predictive power of scientific models. The continued use of participatory modeling within decision-making processes depends in part upon the willingness of stakeholders to participate. Continued participation of stakeholders is key to the persistence and overall success of these processes, and yet limited information exists concerning the impacts of these processes on participants. The consideration of human dimensions advances our understanding of the design and function of participatory modeling processes, including their ability to create consensus …
Modeling The Effects Of Supercomplex Formation And Stress Response On Alzheimer’S Disease Progression, Morgan Griffin Shelton
Modeling The Effects Of Supercomplex Formation And Stress Response On Alzheimer’S Disease Progression, Morgan Griffin Shelton
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Alzheimer’s disease is a specific form of dementia characterized by the aggregation of Amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. New research has found that the formation of these aggregates occurs after dysregulation of respiratory activity and the production of radical oxygen species. Proteomic data shows that these changes are also related to unique gene expression patterns. We investigate the impact of these findings on new therapeutic options via metabolic flux analysis of sirtuin stress response pathways and respiratory supercomplex formation. Our results indicate CRISPR Cas-based gene therapy focused on upregulating stable CIII expression, and protective changes in SIRT1 and AMPK expression …
An Exploration Into The Identification, Etiology, And Distribution Of Idiopathic Blindness In The American Lobster, Homarus Americanus, Addison T. Ochs
An Exploration Into The Identification, Etiology, And Distribution Of Idiopathic Blindness In The American Lobster, Homarus Americanus, Addison T. Ochs
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
Idiopathic blindness is an environmental disease observed in the American lobster, Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837. The only diagnostic assay for idiopathic blindness has been the histological assessment of the eye, which is a time consuming, invasive, and a delicate procedure. I investigated several tools, including the otolaryngoscope and enhanced counterstaining using Bouin’s fixative as alternative, rapid methods for the detection of idiopathic blindness in lobsters. I applied these new diagnostic techniques to toxicology studies to explore a possible lead on the etiology of this condition. Divalent manganese is a well-established neurotoxin released from sediments under hypoxic conditions. Previous …
Animal Waste And Antibiotic Impacts On Microbial Denitrification In Terrestrial And Aquatic Ecosystems, Miguel Albergaria Furtado Semedo
Animal Waste And Antibiotic Impacts On Microbial Denitrification In Terrestrial And Aquatic Ecosystems, Miguel Albergaria Furtado Semedo
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
The global increase in livestock and poultry production observed in the last decades has led to an increase in animal waste generated. The animal waste contains high levels of nitrogen and may carry antibiotics that can disturb important microbial activities such as denitrification in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Disturbances of microbial denitrification can have detrimental consequences to environmental health. In the terrestrial environment, denitrification is an important source and sink of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. In aquatic ecosystems, denitrification is a dominant NO3- removal pathway, contributing to prevent eutrophication. The overall goal of this dissertation is …
Applying The Concept Of Thresholds In Ecotoxicology With Focus On The Joint Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation And Contamination, Marcos Krull
Applying The Concept Of Thresholds In Ecotoxicology With Focus On The Joint Effects Of Habitat Fragmentation And Contamination, Marcos Krull
Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects
A threshold can be defined as the point where small changes in an environmental driver produce an abrupt change within a biological system. These changes can occur at different levels of organization, from organisms to ecosystems. Although thresholds seem to be receiving more attention by ecotoxicologist, not much is known about how contaminants cause or affect thresholds at the landscape level, such as habitat fragmentation thresholds. Habitat fragmentation thresholds can occur due to rapid changes in the landscape structure after a certain amount of habitat is lost, which can cause abrupt effects on the movement of organisms, population abundance and …