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Spawning, Development, And The Duration Of Larval Life In A Deep-Sea Cold-Seep Mussel, Shawn M. Arellano, Craig M. Young
Spawning, Development, And The Duration Of Larval Life In A Deep-Sea Cold-Seep Mussel, Shawn M. Arellano, Craig M. Young
Shannon Point Marine Center Faculty Publications
We describe culturing techniques and development for the cold-seep mussel “Bathymodiolus” childressi, the only deep-sea bivalve for which development has been detailed. Spawning was induced in mature mussels by injection of 2 mmol l−1 serotonin into the anterior adductor muscle. The mean egg diameter is 69.15 ± 2.36 μm (±S.D.; n = 50) and eggs are negatively buoyant. Cleavages are spiral and at 7–8 °C occur at a rate of one per 3–9 h through hatching, with free-swimming blastulae hatching by 40 h and shells beginning to develop by day 12. When temperature was raised to 12–14 °C …
Predation And Thermal Stress Affect Color Change In The Symbiotic Sea Anemone Aiptasia, Samantha L. Hamlin
Predation And Thermal Stress Affect Color Change In The Symbiotic Sea Anemone Aiptasia, Samantha L. Hamlin
WWU Graduate School Collection
Bleaching is the disruption of the symbiotic relationship between anthozoans and zooxanthellae. The term bleaching refers to the host appearing lighter--sometimes becoming completely white--as a result of losing their symbiotic dinoflagellates, their photosynthetic pigments, or both. Research has demonstrated that many abiotic factors, such as temperature, ultraviolet radiation, and salinity, cause bleaching. However, we know little about the role that biotic factors, such as predation, may play in coral bleaching. Additionally, little is known about the combined effects of different stressors, and whether these effects are additive or not. If effects are synergistic and difficult to predict, then much more …