Life Sciences Commons^™

Urologist Burnout: Frequency, Causes, And Potential Solutions To An Unspoken Entity, Julie Franc-Guimond, Brian Mcneil, Steven M. Schlossberg, Amanda C. North, Alp Sener

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Physician burnout has been linked to decreased job performance, increased medical errors, interpersonal conflicts, and depression. Recent multispecialty studies suggest that urologists have higher rates (up to 63.6%) of burnout compared to physicians in other specialties; however, these reports were limited by low sample sizes.1 We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of urologist burnout, verify risk factors, and recommend preventative measures and solutions for colleagues at risk or suffering from burnout. Urologist burnout is a true entity that transcends level of training and nationality. Its roots appear to be deep-seated in our tireless efforts to strive for excellence in care …

The Anatomy Of The Infrarenal Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves In Human Cadavers: Implications For Retroperitoneal Nerve-Sparing Surgery, Tyler Beveridge, Dale Fournier, Adam M.R. Groh, Marjorie Johnson, Nicolas E. Power, Brian L. Allman

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Injury to the nerves of the aortic- and superior hypogastric plexuses during retroperitoneal surgery often results in significant post-operative complications, including retrograde ejaculation and/or loss of seminal emission in males. Although previous characterizations of these plexuses have done well to provide a basis for understanding the typical anatomy, additional research into the common variations of these plexuses could further optimize nerve-sparing techniques for retroperitoneal surgery. To achieve this, the present study aimed to document the prevalence and positional variability of the infrarenal lumbar splanchnic nerves (LSNs) through gross dissection of 26 human cadavers. In almost all cases, two LSNs were …

Multiparametric Mri Changes Persist Beyond Recovery In Concussed Adolescent Hockey Players, Kathryn Y. Manning Msc, Amy Achranz Bmsc, Robert Bartha Phd, Gregory A. Dekaban Phd, Christy Barreira Bsc, Arthur Brown Phd, Lisa Fischer Md, Kevin Asem Md, Timothy J. Doherty, Douglas D. Fraser Md Phd, Jeff Holmes Phd, Ravi S. Menon

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Objective: To determine whether multiparametric MRI data can provide insight into the acute and long-lasting neuronal sequelae after a concussion in adolescent athletes.

Methods: Players were recruited from Bantam hockey leagues in which body checking is first introduced (male, age 11–14 years). Clinical measures, diffusion metrics, resting-state network and region-to-region functional connectivity patterns, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy absolute metabolite concentrations were analyzed from an independent, age-matched control group of hockey players (n 5 26) and longitudinally in concussed athletes within 24 to 72 hours (n 5 17) and 3 months (n 5 14) after a diagnosed concussion.

Results: …

Disruption Of Hippocampal Multisynaptic Networks By General Anesthetics., Min-Ching Kuo, L Stan Leung

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that synaptic transmission is affected by general anesthetics, but an anesthetic dose response in freely moving animals has not been done. The hippocampus provides a neural network for the evaluation of isoflurane and pentobarbital on multisynaptic transmission that is relevant to memory function.

METHODS: Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with multichannel and single electrodes in the hippocampus. Spontaneous local field potentials and evoked field potentials were recorded in freely behaving rats before (baseline) and after various doses of isoflurane (0.25 to 1.5%) and sodium pentobarbital (10 mg/kg intraperitoneal).

RESULTS: Monosynaptic population excitatory postsynaptic potentials at the …

Differential Functional Roles Of Aldh1a1 And Aldh1a3 In Mediating Metastatic Behavior And Therapy Resistance Of Human Breast Cancer Cells, Alysha K. Croker, Mauricio Rodriguez-Torres, Ying Xia, Hon Sing Leong, Siddika Pardhan, John D. Lewis, Alison L. Allan

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Previous studies indicate that breast cancer cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and CD44 expression (ALDHhiCD44+ ) contribute to metastasis and therapy resistance, and that ALDH1 correlates with poor outcome in breast cancer patients. The current study hypothesized that ALDH1 functionally contributes to breast cancer metastatic behavior and therapy resistance. Expression of ALDH1A1 or ALDH1A3 was knocked down in MDA-MB-468 and SUM159 human breast cancer cells using siRNA. Resulting impacts on ALDH activity (Aldefluor® assay); metastatic behavior and therapy response in vitro (proliferation/adhesion/migration/colony formation/chemotherapy and radiation) and extravasation/metastasis in vivo (chick choroiallantoic membrane assay) was assessed. Knockdown of ALDH1A3 …

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry By Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification (Adci) And Dose Estimation, Peter Rogan, Ben Shirley, Yanxin Li, Joan Knoll

Biochemistry Publications

Biological radiation dose can be estimated from dicentric chromosome frequencies in metaphase cells. Performing these cytogenetic dicentric chromosome assays is traditionally a manual, labor-intensive process not well suited to handle the volume of samples which may require examination in the wake of a mass casualty event. Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identifier and Dose Estimator (ADCI) software automates this process by examining sets of metaphase images using machine learning-based image processing techniques. The software selects appropriate images for analysis by removing unsuitable images, classifies each object as either a centromere-containing chromosome or non-chromosome, further distinguishes chromosomes as monocentric chromosomes (MCs) or dicentric …

Spatial And Temporal Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cell Heterogeneity Impacts Maraba Virus Oncolytic Potential, Jessica G. Tong, Yudith Ramos Valdes, Milani Sivapragasam, John W. Barrett, John C. Bell, David Stojdl, Gabriel E. Dimattia, Trevor G. Shepherd

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer exhibits extensive interpatient and intratumoral heterogeneity, which can hinder successful treatment strategies. Herein, we investigated the efficacy of an emerging oncolytic, Maraba virus (MRBV), in an in vitro model of ovarian tumour heterogeneity. Methods: Four ovarian high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) cell lines were isolated and established from a single patient at four points during disease progression. Limiting-dilution subcloning generated seven additional subclone lines to assess intratumoral heterogeneity. MRBV entry and oncolytic efficacy were assessed among all 11 cell lines. Low-density receptor (LDLR) expression, conditioned media treatments and co-cultures were performed to determine factors impacting MRBV oncolysis. …

Nitrogen And Carbon Isotopic Dynamics Of Subarctic Soils And Plants In Southern Yukon Territory And Its Implications For Paleoecological And Paleodietary Studies, Farnoush Tahmesabi, Fred J. Longstaffe, Grant Zazula, Bruce Bennett

Earth Sciences Publications

We examine here the carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of bulk soils (8 topsoil and 7 subsoils, including two soil profiles) and five different plant parts of 79 C₃ plants from two main functional groups: herbs and shrubs/subshrubs, from 18 different locations in grasslands of southern Yukon Territory, Canada (eastern shoreline of Kluane Lake and Whitehorse area). The Kluane Lake region in particular has been identified previously as an analogue for Late Pleistocene eastern Beringia. All topsoils have higher average total nitrogen δ¹⁵N and organic carbon δ¹³C than plants from the same sites with a …

Accurate Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Through Automated Dicentric Chromosome Curation And Metaphase Cell Selection, Jin Liu, Yanxin Li, Ruth Wilkins, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Joan H. Knoll, Peter Rogan

Biochemistry Publications

Accurate digital image analysis of abnormal microscopic structures relies on high quality images and on minimizing the rates of false positive (FP) and negative objects in images. Cytogenetic biodosimetry detects dicentric chromosomes (DCs) that arise from exposure to ionizing radiation, and determines radiation dose received based on DC frequency. Improvements in automated DC recognition increase the accuracy of dose estimates by reclassifying FP DCs as monocentric chromosomes or chromosome fragments. We also present image segmentation methods to rank high quality digital metaphase images and eliminate suboptimal metaphase cells. A set of chromosome morphology segmentation methods selectively filtered out FP DCs …

Evolution Of Delayed Dispersal And Subsequent Emergence Of Helping, With Implications For Cooperative Breeding., Geoff Wild, Judith Korb

Applied Mathematics Publications

Cooperative breeding occurs when individuals help raise the offspring of others. It is widely accepted that help displayed by cooperative breeders emerged only after individuals' tendency to delay dispersal had become established. We use this idea as a basis for two inclusive-fitness models: one for the evolution of delayed dispersal, and a second for the subsequent emergence of helpful behavior exhibited by non-breeding individuals. We focus on a territorial species in a saturated environment, and allow territories to be inherited by non-breeding individuals who have delayed dispersal. Our first model predicts that increased survivorship and increased fecundity both provide an …

Rxtx And Micromedex, Shawn Hendrikx, Kelly Hatch

Western Libraries Publications

No abstract provided.

Too Important To Tamper With: Predation Risk Affects Body Mass And Escape Behaviour But Not Escape Ability, Benjamin T. Walters, Tin Nok Natalie Cheng, Justin Doyle, Chistopher G. Guglielmo, Michael Clinchy, Liana Y. Zanette

Biology Publications

Escaping from a predator is a matter of life or death, and prey are expected to adaptively alter their physiology under chronic predation risk in ways that may affect escape. Theoretical models assume that escape performance is mass dependent, whereby scared prey strategically maintain an optimal body mass to enhance escape. Experiments testing the mass-dependent predation risk hypothesis have demonstrated that prior experience of predation risk can affect body mass, and the behavioural decisions about evasive actions to take. Other studies on natural changes in body mass indicate that mass can affect escape. No single experiment has tested if all …

Milder Alzheimer's Disease Pathology In Heart Failure And Atrial Fibrillation, Luciano A. Sposato, Estefania Ruiz Vargas, Patricia M. Riccio, Jon B. Toledo, John Q. Trojanowski, Walter A. Kukull, Lauren E. Cipriano, Antonia Nucera, Shawn N. Whitehead, Vladimir Hachinski

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Introduction:Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) have been associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Whether HF and AF are related to AD by enhancing AD neuropathological changes is unknown.

Methods:We applied network analyses and multiple logistic regression models to assess the association between HF and AF with severity of AD neuropathology in patients from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database with primary neuropathological diagnosis of AD.

Results:We included 1593 patients, of whom 129 had HF and 250 had AF. HF and AF patients were older and had milder AD pathology. In the network …

Protocol-Dependence Of Middle Cerebral Artery Dilation To Modest Hypercapnia., Baraa K Al-Khazraji, Sagar Buch, Mason Kadem, Brad J Matushewski, Kambiz Norozi, Ravi S Menon, J Kevin Shoemaker

Kinesiology Publications

There is a need for improved understanding of how different cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) protocols affect vascular cross-sectional area (CSA) to reduce error in CVR calculations when measures of vascular CSA are not feasible. In human participants, we delivered ∼±4 mm Hg end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (PETCO2) relative to baseline through controlled delivery, and measured changes in middle cerebral artery (MCA) CSA (7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), blood velocity (transcranial Doppler and Phase contrast MRI), and calculated CVR based on a 3-minute steady-state (+4 mm Hg PETCO2) and a ramp (-3 to +4 mm Hg of PETCO2). We observed …

Spontaneous Low Frequency Bold Signal Variations From Resting-State Fmri Are Decreased In Alzheimer Disease, Samaneh Kazemifar, Kathryn Y. Manning, Nagalingam Rajakumar, Francisco A. Gomez, Michael J. Borrie, Ravi S. Menon, Robert Bartha, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Previous studies have demonstrated altered brain activity in Alzheimer's disease using task based functional MRI (fMRI), network based resting-state fMRI, and glucose metabolism from 18 F fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (FDG-PET). Our goal was to define a novel indicator of neuronal activity based on a first-order textural feature of the resting state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) signal. Furthermore, we examined the association between this neuronal activity metric and glucose metabolism from F-18 FDG-PET. We studied 15 normal elderly controls (NEC) and 15 probable Alzheimer disease (AD) subjects from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative. An independent component analysis was applied to the RS-fMRI, followed by template …

Insect Immunity Varies Idiosyncratically During Overwintering., Laura V Ferguson, Brent J Sinclair

Biology Publications

Overwintering insects face multiple stressors, including pathogen and parasite pressures that shift with seasons. However, we know little of how the insect immune system fluctuates with season, particularly in the overwintering period. To understand how immune activity changes across autumn, winter, and spring, we tracked immune activity of three temperate insects that overwinter as larvae: a weevil (Curculio sp., Coleoptera), gallfly (Eurosta solidaginis, Diptera), and larvae of the lepidopteran Pyrrharctia isabella. We measured baseline circulating hemocyte numbers, phenoloxidase activity, and humoral antimicrobial activity, as well as survival of fungal infection and melanization response at 12°C and 25°C to capture any …

Predicting Outcomes Of Hormone And Chemotherapy In The Molecular Taxonomy Of Breast Cancer International Consortium (Metabric) Study By Biochemically-Inspired Machine Learning, Peter Rogan, Eliseos J. Mucaki, Katherina Baranova, Huy Q. Pham, Iman Rezaeian, Dimo Angelov, Alioune Ngom, Luis Rueda

Biochemistry Publications

Genomic aberrations and gene expression-defined subtypes in the large METABRIC patient cohort have been used to stratify and predict survival. The present study used normalized gene expression signatures of paclitaxel drug response to predict outcome for different survival times in METABRIC patients receiving hormone (HT) and, in some cases, chemotherapy (CT) agents. This machine learning method, which distinguishes sensitivity vs. resistance in breast cancer cell lines and validates predictions in patients; was also used to derive gene signatures of other HT (tamoxifen) and CT agents (methotrexate, epirubicin, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil) used in METABRIC. Paclitaxel gene signatures exhibited the best performance, …

Soluble Bone-Derived Osteopontin Promotes Migration And Stem-Like Behavior Of Breast Cancer Cells, Graciella M. Pio, Ying Xia, Matthew M. Piaseczny, Jenny E. Chu, Alison L. Allan

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women, with the majority of these deaths caused by metastasis to distant organs. The most common site of breast cancer metastasis is the bone, which has been shown to provide a rich microenvironment that supports the migration and growth of breast cancer cells. Additionally, growing evidence suggests that breast cancer cells that do successfully metastasize have a stem-like phenotype including high activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and/or a CD44(+)CD24(-)phenotype. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that these ALDH (hi) CD44 (+) CD24(-)breast cancer cells interact with factors in …

Therapeutic Strategies And Drug Development For Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Eric E. Smith, Alicja Cieslak, Philip Barber, Jerry Chen, Yu-Wei Chen, Ida Donnini, Jodi D. Edwards, Richard Frayne, Thalia S. Field, Janka Hegedus, Victoria Hanganu, Zahinoor Ismail, Jamila Kanji, Makoto Nakajima, Raza Noor, Stefano Peca, Demetrios Sahlas, Mukul Sharma, Luciano A. Sposato, Richard H. Swartz, Charlotte Zerna, Sandra E. Black, Vladimir Hachinski

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

No abstract provided.

Soluble Bone-Derived Osteopontin Promotes Migration And Stem-Like Behavior Of Breast Cancer Cells, Graciella Pio, Ying Xia, Matt M. Piaseczny, Jenny E. Chu, Alison Allan

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women, with the majority of these deaths caused by metastasis to distant organs. The most common site of breast cancer metastasis is the bone, which has been shown to provide a rich microenvironment that supports the migration and growth of breast cancer cells. Additionally, growing evidence suggests that breast cancer cells that do successfully metastasize have a stem-like phenotype including high activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and/or a CD44(+)CD24(-)phenotype. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that these ALDH (hi) CD44 (+) CD24(-)breast cancer cells interact with factors in …

Birc6 Mediates Imatinib Resistance Independently Of Mcl-1, Denis O. Okumu, Michael P. East, Merlin Levine, Laura E. Herring, Raymond Zhang, Thomas S.K. Gilbert, David Litchfield, Yanping Zhang, Lee M. Graves

Biochemistry Publications

© 2017 Okumu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6 (BIRC6) is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), a family of functionally and structurally related proteins that inhibit apoptosis. BIRC6 has been implicated in drug resistance in several different human cancers, however mechanisms regulating BIRC6 have not been extensively explored. Our phosphoproteomic analysis of an imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line (MYL-R) …

Bk Channels Mediate Synaptic Plasticity Underlying Habituation In Rats, Tariq Zaman, Cleusa De Oliveira, Mahabba Smoka, Chakravarthi Narla, Michael O. Poulter, Susanne Schmid

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Habituation is a basic form of implicit learning and represents a sensory filter that is disrupted in autism, schizophrenia, and several other mental disorders. Despite extensive research in the past decades on habituation of startle and other escape responses, the underlying neural mechanisms are still not fully understood. There is evidence from previous studies indicating that BK channels might play a critical role in habituation. We here used a wide array of approaches to test this hypothesis. We show that BK channel activation and subsequent phosphorylation of these channels are essential for synaptic depression presumably underlying startle habituation in rats, …

Thermal Preference And Performance In A Sub-Antarctic Caterpillar: A Test Of The Coadaptation Hypothesis And Its Alternatives., Tanya M Haupt, Brent J Sinclair, Steven L Chown

Biology Publications

Physiological ecologists have long assumed that thermoregulatory behaviour will evolve to optimise physiological performance. The coadaptation hypothesis predicts that an animal's preferred body temperature will correspond to the temperature at which its performance is optimal. Here we use a strong inference approach to examine the relationship between thermal preference and locomotor performance in the caterpillars of a wingless sub-Antarctic moth, Pringleophaga marioni Viette (Tineidae). The coadaptation hypothesis and its alternatives (suboptimal is optimal, thermodynamic effect, trait variation) are tested. Compared to the optimal movement temperature (22.5°C for field-fresh caterpillars and 25, 20, 22.5, 25 and 20°C following seven day acclimations …

Can Time-Resolved Nirs Provide The Sensitivity To Detect Brain Activity During Motor Imagery Consistently?, Androu Abdalmalak, Daniel Milej, Mamadou Diop, Mahsa Shokouhi, Lorina Naci, Adrian M. Owen, Keith St. Lawrence

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that a subgroup of patients diagnosed as being in a vegetative state are aware and able to communicate by performing a motor imagery task in response to commands. Due to the fMRI's cost and accessibility, there is a need for exploring different imaging modalities that can be used at the bedside. A promising technique is functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) that has been successfully applied to measure brain oxygenation in humans. Due to the limited depth sensitivity of continuous-wave NIRS, time-resolved (TR) detection has been proposed as a way of enhancing …

Dynamics Of Motor System Excitability During Auditory Anticipation, Justine Czajka

Undergraduate Honors Posters

The ability to anticipate complex sounds, like words in speech or the beat in music, is an important aspect of human perception. However, the changes of excitability in the motor system during auditory anticipation have not been characterized. Here, we applied single-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to the primary motor cortex to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the first dorsal interosseous muscle, the amplitude of which indexes motor system excitability. Healthy right-handed participants (N = 20) underwent TMS stimulation during listening to regular (periodic) tone sequences at three rates (200ms, 550ms, and 900ms) and irregular tone sequences. We assessed …

Ang1 Treatment Reduces Muscle Pathology And Prevents A Decline In Perfusion In Dmd Mice, Kelly M. Gutpell, Nikola Tasevski, Boaz Wong, William Thomas Hrinivich, Feng Su, Lise Desjardins, Ting-Yim Lee, Lisa Marie Hoffman

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other pro-angiogenic growth factors have been investigated to enhance muscle tissue perfusion and repair in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Current understanding is limited by a lack of functional data following in vivo delivery of these growth factors. We previously used dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography to monitor disease progression in murine models of DMD, but no study to date has utilized this imaging technique to assess vascular therapy in a preclinical model of DMD. In the current study, we locally delivered VEGF and ANG1 alone or in combination to dystrophic hind limb skeletal muscle. Using …

Discovery And Validation Of Information Theory-Based Transcription Factor And Cofactor Binding Site Motifs., Ruipeng Lu, Eliseos J Mucaki, Peter K Rogan

Biochemistry Publications

Data from ChIP-seq experiments can derive the genome-wide binding specificities of transcription factors (TFs) and other regulatory proteins. We analyzed 765 ENCODE ChIP-seq peak datasets of 207 human TFs with a novel motif discovery pipeline based on recursive, thresholded entropy minimization. This approach, while obviating the need to compensate for skewed nucleotide composition, distinguishes true binding motifs from noise, quantifies the strengths of individual binding sites based on computed affinity and detects adjacent cofactor binding sites that coordinate with the targets of primary, immunoprecipitated TFs. We obtained contiguous and bipartite information theory-based position weight matrices (iPWMs) for 93 sequence-specific TFs, …

Cost-Effectiveness Of Cerebrospinal Biomarkers For The Diagnosis Of Alzheimer's Disease, Spencer A. W. Lee, Luciano A. Sposato, Vladimir Hachinski, Lauren E. Cipriano

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Background: Accurate and timely diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is important for prompt initiation of treatment in patients with AD and to avoid inappropriate treatment of patients with false-positive diagnoses. Methods: Using a Markov model, we estimated the lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analysis in a cohort of patients referred to a neurologist or memory clinic with suspected AD who remained without a definitive diagnosis of AD or another condition after neuroimaging. Parametric values were estimated from previous health economic models and the medical literature. Extensive deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate …

A Method For Independent Component Graph Analysis Of Resting-State Fmri, Demetrius Ribeiro De Paula, Erik Ziegler, Pubuditha M. Abeyasinghe, Tushar K. Das

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Introduction: Independent component analysis (ICA) has been extensively used for reducing task-free BOLD fMRI recordings into spatial maps and their associated time-courses. The spatially identified independent components can be considered as intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) of non-contiguous regions. To date, the spatial patterns of the networks have been analyzed with techniques developed for volumetric data. Objective: Here, we detail a graph building technique that allows these ICNs to be analyzed with graph theory. Methods: First, ICA was performed at the single-subject level in 15 healthy volunteers using a 3T MRI scanner. The identification of nine networks was performed by a …

Eligibility For Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Examination Of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Using Computed Tomography, Kate E. M. Dillon, Marjorie Johnson, Bob Kiaii

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Objective: A variable that necessitates conversion to a conventional full-sternotomy coronary artery bypass procedure from a robotic-assisted endoscopic single-vessel small thoracotomy is the inability to visualize the left anterior descending coronary artery within the surrounding epicardial adipose tissue using the endoscopic camera. The purpose of this study was to determine whether anatomical properties of the epicardial adipose tissue examined using preoperative computed tomography (CT) images are able to predict and thus reduce the need for intraoperative conversion based on effective preoperative exclusion criteria. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patient preoperative CT angiography scans from both converted (n = 17) and successful …