Life Sciences Commons^™

Discriminating Between Copers And Those With Chronic Ankle Instability With Clinical Outcomes, Erik A. Wikstrom, Jessica Plante

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common consequence of lateral ankle sprains and a leading cause of post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis. Despite a history of a lateral ankle sprain, there are some individuals (copers) who appear to have a mechanism that allows them to avoid recurrent lateral ankle sprains and giving way episodes. To date, research has identified differences in perceptual (e.g. self-assessed disability), mechanical (e.g. ligament laxity), and sensorimotor (e.g. balance) outcomes between copers and those with CAI. However, the vast majority of these outcomes are considered research and/or laboratory based and thus impractical for most clinicians to use …

Genetic Regulation Of Myofiber Hypertrophy?, Anna Thalacker-Mercer, Xiangqin Cui, Michael Stec, Edward Merritt, Marcas Bamman

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction. Progressive, resistance exercise training (RT) induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy, increases strength, power, and quality of muscle, and is potentially the most promising method to regenerate and re-grow muscle in populations suffering from involuntary atrophy. However, we have previously shown that there is a large degree of intersubject variability for myofiber hypertrophy in response to RT with adults having no response [-16μm2 (mean myofiber growth), Non], a modest response (1111μm2, Mod), or an extreme hypertrophic response (2475μm2, Xtr). Underlying mechanisms for this differential growth response are largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in …

Effect Of Treadmill Versus Elliptical Exercise On Calcaneal Stiffness Index Among College Age Females, Kelly Maloney, Sandie Walker, Stephanie M. Otto Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Osteoporosis is a disease that affects many older individuals, resulting in a decrease in bone density. Involvement in impact loading sports has been associated with greater stiffness index (SI) of the calcaneus when compared to non-impact sports and abstinence from sports. However, comparisons between the effectiveness of impact and non-impact exercise equipment on calcaneal SI is less clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of treadmill versus elliptical exercise on calcaneal SI.

Daily Physical Activity And Bone Health Among High School Students, Stephanie M. Otto Ph.D., Don Morgan Ph.D., Richard S. Farley Ph.D., Jwa K. Kim Ph.D., Dana K. Fuller Ph.D., Jennifer L. Caputo Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

With advancements in healthcare and public education, life expectancy is increasing and the prevalence of age related health conditions such as osteoporosis are rising. It is well known that children and adolescents who engage in healthy behaviors are more likely to carry those behaviors into adulthood. More specifically, children and adolescents who engage in weight bearing physical activity have higher bone density and are less likely to develop osteoporosis later in life. Furthermore, technology that measures daily physical activity is improving and individuals are interested in the amount of activity they and their children should participate in to remain healthy. …

Building Kayak Excellence: From The Adolescent To The Elite Athlete., Marco Vescovi M.D., Daniele Bronzini, Flavia Bruttini M.D., Antonio Mortara, Ioanna Nakou M.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Building an athlete in order to reach his maximum possible performance is a long process which starts from infancy. The history of our interdisciplinary group ( medical doctors-trainers) is equally long. It started in the 80s with the cooperation of a medical doctor and a trainer. Over the years, the group has grown involving new trainers, former athletes, athletes and young doctors who share their own specific knowledge in order to individualize and promote the maximal performance of each single athlete, trying to keep them in optimal health and prevent typical injuries caused by overload.

Harvest Of The Ipsilateral Hamstrings Does Not Result In Tibial Internal Rotation Strength And Endurance Insufficiencies For Patients 12 To 36 Months Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Giampietro L. Vairo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ipsilateral hamstrings tendons harvest as a primary autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has become increasingly prevalent among orthopaedic surgeons. Though, limited evidence exists detailing ensuing knee joint performance capacity. Previous authors have reported that ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis (STG) harvest results in significant tibial internal rotation strength deficiencies for related patients (1,2). However, prior data in regards to this measure have been reported as absolute as opposed to relative indices of strength and have not produced endurance results. Therefore, our objective was to profile relative tibial internal rotation strength and endurance responses to STG harvest in ACL reconstructed …

Keynote And Symposia Titles

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Keynote and Symposia titles for the 2nd International eConference on Kinesiology and Integrated Physiology. Meeting was held between October 3-14, 2011 and can be found at: http://kinesiology.econferenceintl.com

The Effect Of Exercise Mode And Intensity Of Submaximal Physical Activities On Salivary Testosterone To Cortisol Ratio And Α-Amylase In Young Active Males, Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani, Hoseyn Fatolahi, Mohammad Javad Rasaee, Maghsod Peeri, Roholah Babaei

International Journal of Exercise Science

We examined the effect of exercise intensity and mode on the acute responses of free testosterone to cortisol ratio and salivary α-amylase. We also evaluated the relationship between cortisol and salivary α-amylase. Ten healthy young active males participated voluntarily in this study in six single sessions. They exercised on a cycle ergo meter, treadmill, and elliptical instrument at intensities of 70% and 85% maximum heart rate for 25 minutes. Saliva samples were collected 5 minutes before and 5 minutes after each exercise session. No significant changes were observed for cortisol. Free testosterone to cortisol ratio increased during each exercise session …

Do Exergames Allow Children To Achieve Physical Activity Intensity Commensurate With National Guidelines?, Rachel Perron, Courtney Graham, Jamie Feldman, Rebecca Moffett, Eric E. Hall

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to determine if two popular exergames, Wii Fit™ and EA Sports Active™, both games for the Nintendo Wii™ console, help children achieve intensity consistent with recommended physical activity guidelines. Thirty children (19 males and 11 females, Mean age = 9.4 ± 1.8 years) participated in this study by playing each game during one research session. During the session participants wore a heart rate monitor and accelerometer to measure exercise intensity. Perceived exertion (RPE) was measured with the children’s run/walk OMNI scale. All three measures of exercise intensity (heart rate, accelerometer counts, and RPE) found …

Oxidative Stress Response To Short Duration Bout Of Submaximal Aerobic Exercise In Healthy Young Adults, Keith M. Diaz, Deborah L. Feairheller Phd, Kathleen M. Sturgeon, Sheara T. Williamson, Michael D. Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress response to a short duration bout of submaximal exercise in a cohort of healthy young adults. 15 apparently healthy college age males and females completed a modified Bruce-protocol treadmill test to 75-80% of their heart rate reserve. Blood samples collected immediately before (pre-exercise), immediately after, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post-exercise were assayed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide disumutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyls (PC). SOD activity was significantly increased from pre-exercise levels at 30 minutes (77%), 60 minutes (33%), and 120 minutes (37%) post-exercise. …

The Relationship Between Stride Rates, Lengths And Body Size And Their Affect On Elite Triathletes’ Running Performance During Competition, Grant J. Landers, Brian A. Blanksby, Timothy R. Ackland

International Journal of Exercise Science

Previous research has suggested that a degree of predictability exists in the relationship between self-selected running stride rates (SR) and stride lengths (SL) with measures of body size such as mass, height and limb lengths. Significant correlations have also been revealed between these body size measures and performance and between SL and performance. However, there is also evidence to suggest that triathlon performance may be related to maintaining a longer SL during the final run. Hence, the aim of this investigation was to examine whether there was any relationship between SR and SL, with body masses and heights of senior …

Repeated Sprint Performance In Male And Female College Athletes Matched For Vo2max Relative To Fat Free Mass, Amanda L. Mageean, Ryan P. Alexander, Constance M. Mier

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in repeated sprint exercise (RSE) performance among male and female athletes matched for VO2max relative to FFM (VO2max FFM). Thirty nine male and female college athletes performed a graded exercise test for VO2max and hydrostatic weighing to determine FFM. From the results, 11 pairs of males and females matched for VO2max FFM (mean ± SD; 58.3 ± 4.3 and 58.9 ± 4.6 ml.kg FFM-1.min-1; men and women, respectively) were identified. On a separate day, matched participants performed a RSE protocol that consisted of five 6-sec cycle sprints with 30-sec recovery …

Case Study On The Development Of The International Journal Of Exercise Science, Scott Lyons

International Journal of Exercise Science

The International Journal of Exercise Science is a quarterly, online, open access publication dedicated to the dissemination of research in the areas of Exercise Science, Exercise Physiology, Human Performance, Kinesiology, and related disciplines. Dr. James W. Navalta and Dr. T. Scott Lyons (the author), both Associate Professors of Exercise Science at Western Kentucky University, are the founders of the International Journal of Exercise Science (IJES). IJES is a student-focused journal, in that the editors are specifically seeking research that is led by graduate or undergraduate students. Manuscripts submitted by professionals (defined as those holding a terminal degree) are also gladly …

Programming

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Programming for the II International Meeting in Exercise Physiology

Presence Of Observers Increases One Repetition Maximum In College-Age Males And Females, Steven C. Baker, Alan P. Jung, John K. Petrella

International Journal of Exercise Science

Purpose: To determine if the presence of observers affects muscular strength performance in college-age males and females. Methods: Twenty-five women and 24 men participated in the study. Two counter-balanced trials were performed in which participants completed 1-RM tests in bench press and leg press. During one trial, two members of the opposite gender observed the 1-RM tests. During the other trial there were no observers, other than the tester. Results: 1-RM for females increased 3.4±0.8 lbs on bench press (p<.001) and increased 9.2±3.8 lbs on leg press (p=.025) when observers were present. 1-RM for males increased 4.2±1.1 lbs on bench press (p=.001) and increased 18.8±5.2 lbs on leg press (p=.002) with observers present. There was no difference in the percent increase in 1-RM between males and females for either leg press (p=.71) or bench press (p=.08). Conclusion: College-age males and females lifted more weight during a 1-RM test when observers were present.

Intermittent Vs Continuous Graded Exercise Test For Vo2max In College Soccer Athletes, Constance M. Mier, Ryan P. Alexander

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to determine if a 1-min active recovery between stages during a graded exercise test (GXT) would result in a higher stage intensity and maximum oxygen uptake in college soccer athletes. Eleven athletes completed two GXT protocols on separate days. Each GXT consisted of 2-min stages performed at a constant running speed and incremental increases of 2.5% grade. One GXT was performed continuously and the other was intermittent with 1-min active recovery between each stage. Tests were performed to volitional fatigue. Following the each GXT and a 10-min active recovery period, participants performed a verification …

Physical Activity And Screen Time Sedentary Behaviors In College Students, Charles J. Fountaine, Gary A. Liguori, Arupendra Mozumdar, John M. Schuna Jr.

International Journal of Exercise Science

It is well established that Americans are not meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines and college students are no exception. Given the lack of regular PA, many health promotion professionals seek to discover what barriers to PA may exist. A common explanation is screen time (ST), which is comprised primarily of television viewing, computer use, and the playing of video games. The purpose of this study was to present descriptive data on college students’ PA and sedentary behavior and to assess if any evidence exists to suggest displacement between sedentary behaviors and PA in college students. Students completed an online health …

Ankle Spatting Compared To Bracing Or Taping During Maximal-Effort Sprint Drills, Grant D. Reuter, Angela R. Dahl, David S. Senchina

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to compare the influences of 4 ankle conditions (no support, bracing, taping, taping + spatting; all in football cleats) during 2 maximal-effort field drills (40-yd dash and 34-yd cutting drill) on perceptions of comfort and stability and performance outcomes. Fourteen young adult males participated. Subjects’ perceptions of comfort and stability were assessed by visual analogue scales after each drill for each ankle condition. Time-to-completion and post-completion heart rate were recorded. For both drills, significant differences in comfort perception were found such that subjects perceived no support as equivocal to bracing but more comfortable than …

Cadence, Stride Rate And Stride Length During Triathlon Competition, Grant J. Landers, Brian A. Blanksby, Timothy R. Ackland

International Journal of Exercise Science

Triathlon research shows cycling alters the physiological response of subsequent running but, at present, biomechanical changes are unresolved. This study examined cycling cadence and running stride rate (SR) and length (SL) used by senior elite triathletes during competition. These variables were then compared to running and triathlon performance.

Data from 51 elite male World Championships triathletes were analysed via video recordings and Video Expert II Coach. Triathletes revealed consistent cadences throughout the majority of the cycle (96.8 +2.7 rpm) and run (90.9 +2.4 rpm) disciplines. However, a cadence increase (99.6 +5.7 rpm) was recorded at the completion of the cycle …

Call Accuracy And Distance From The Play: A Study With Brazilian Soccer Referees, Mario Cesar Oliveira, Rogério Orbetelli, Turíbio L. Barros Neto

International Journal of Exercise Science

Refereeing decisions in soccer has always been a controversial issue. In order to better understand this subject, foul calls made by Brazilian soccer referees were evaluated to determine the potential relationship between the distance from the referee to a foul play and the accuracy of the call. Soccer matches supervised by the São Paulo State Football Federation were recorded and 321 foul calls were analyzed. No significant association was found between the referee’s distance from a foul play and accuracy of the call (p = 0.561). However, there was a significant increase in the number of correct calls in the …

The Effects Of Ellipical Cross Training On Vo2 Max In Recently Trained Runners, Dustin Joubert, Gary Oden, Brent Estes

International Journal of Exercise Science

This study examined the effects of elliptical cross training on VO2max in recently-trained runners. 12 female and 8 male participants (mean  SD; age = 23.70  6.33 years, body mass index = 24.85  5.89 kg/m2) completed an initial four-week run training program, exercising four days/week, 30 minutes/day, at 80% maximal heart rate. VO2max was predicted based on the duration of a Bruce graded-maximal treadmill test (GXT) prior to and after the run training. After initial training phase and post-test, subjects volunteered for the detrain group (n = 6) or were assigned to the run (n = 7) or …

The International Journal Of Exercise Science: 2010 Year In Review, Brian K. Mcfarlin, Thomas S. Lyons, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

The International Journal of Exercise Science: 2010 Year in Review

Neuromuscular Responses Of The Vastus Lateralis To Slow Walking With Vascular Restriction., Robert Cardenas, Charity Cavazos, Jose A. Leal Jr., Yoshiaki Sato, Michael G. Bemben, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Motor unit recruitment of individual muscles could substantially differ with changes in speed and load. However, the recruitment patterns associated with low intensity walk training with vascular restriction at sustained loads and constant speed could be different than normal walking. Vascular restricted (VR) walk training is an effective method for increasing muscular strength; however the changes in motor unit recruitment and firing frequency have not been investigated to understand the mechanisms underlying the neuromuscular adaptations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in electrical activity of the vastus lateralis during VR and non vascular restricted (non-VR) walking …

Agreement Of Health Status Classification And Body Composition Differences In Asian Indian Students Upon Residence In The United States, Hina Garg, G. Richard Grimes, Nestor W. Sherman, Christopher M. Hearon, William W. Edwards

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity is one of the major health problems in the United States (U.S.). As Asian Indian students immigrate to the U.S., the effect of acculturation to the U.S. lifestyle is an area of concern. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) examine the health-risk status of Asian Indians with respect to agreement in classifications of percent body fat (PF) and body mass index (BMI), and 2) examine the effects of U.S. residence duration on body composition of Asian Indian college students. METHODS: Forty-two Asian Indian males and females were divided into two groups according to length of residence. …

The Effect Of Concurrent And Terminal Feedback On Vo2max, Mir Alikhan, Rachel M. Brown, Casey Carver, Cecilia Chavez, Kourtney Jones, Emily Krizmanic, T. Scott Marzilli, Amanda Pike, Mark Saroni, Janay Stradley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Concurrent feedback is the continuous provision of information regarding task performance given during the performance, while terminal feedback is the provision of this information only at the conclusion of the task. The following study examined performance on VO2max tests (VO2max, time to exhaustion, HR and RER) using these two types of feedback. Participants consisted of 14 males and 10 females with a mean age of 21.7 ± 2 years. Stratified random sampling was used to assign participants to either concurrent or terminal feedback. The two groups (n=12) were treated to a split-halves-transfer design upon completion of the first test. There …

Profiles Of Coronary Artery Disease Risk In Cardiac Patients: Actual Versus Perceived, Julie A. Borsack, Steve Martin, Kathy L. Hill, Thomas Meade, Becky Braden, Ivan Pereira, Stephen F. Crouse, John S. Green

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To describe interrelations and differences between actual vs. perceived cardiac risk in a cohort of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS: 33 females (HT: 164 cm, WT: 80kg) and 67 males (HT: 179 cm, WT: 93kg) with documented CAD completed a questionnaire designed to assess CAD risk perception. They also underwent assessments for all ACSM risk factors. Five-point Likert scale responses to the question “Compared to other persons of your own age and sex, how would you rate your risk of ever having a heart attack?” were used to quantify CAD risk perception. To quantify actual risk, the number …

Effect Of The Power Balance® Band On Static Balance, Hamstring Flexibility, And Arm Strength In Adults, Princessjoy Verdan, Geanina Barna, Anntionette Roquemore, Brad Fenter, T. Scott Marzilli

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Power Balance® bands on strength, flexibility, and balance. Strength and flexibility were measured using the MicroFit system. Strength was measured via a bicep curl and flexibility via a sit-and-reach. Balance was measured by the BIODEX System SD. There were four different conditions for the balance test: eyes open on a firm surface (EOFS), eyes closed on a firm surface (ECFS), eyes open on a foam surface (EOFoS), and eyes closed on a foam surface (ECFoS). There were 24 subjects used (10 males and 14 females). A counterbalance, double-blind, placebo, …

Comparison Of Two Types Of Mouse Running Wheels., Greeshma S. Prabhu, David Ferguson, Dr.Timothy Lightfoot

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Voluntary wheel running of mice has been used as a measure of physical activity in a multitude of studies. The aim of this study was to validate low profile wireless running wheels (Med Associates Inc.) against solid-surface, traditionally-mounted vertical running wheels. All animal procedures were approved by the Texas A &M IACUC. Eleven week old female C57BL/6J mice (Jackson Labs, Bar Harbor, ME) were randomly assigned to either vertical running wheels (n=5) or low profile running wheels (n=5). Daily distance run was monitored for 12 days following initial wheel orientation exposure. Average daily distance run by the mice was not …

Changes In Power Output In Ncaa Football Linemen During Competitive Season, Quentin C. Posey, Joe W. Priest

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Changes in Power Output in NCAA Football Linemen During Competitive Season.

Posey, Q., R. Cole, and J. Priest, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX 76402

Introduction

Measuring power is a practice currently being developed by researchers. An available tool is the TENDO Weightlifting Analyzer (TWA). Although the TWA is a common research tool, there is little published research. The purpose of this study is to analyze OL and DL power output during in-season football.

Methods

Experimental Approach

Seventeen NCAA division II football players in the Lone Start Conference were monitored during organized in-season weight training workouts. TWA measured and recorded their …

A Comparison Of Hypertrophy Potential Between The Vastus Lateralis And Rectus Femoris During Level Walking In Combination With Vascular Restriction., Jose A. Leal Jr., Charity Cavazos, Robert Cardenas, Yoshiaki Sato, Bemben G. Michael, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recent research has found that by compressing blood flow to working muscle during lower body exercise involving short bouts of walk training results in an increased muscle volume and improved quadriceps strength. However, the effects of vascular restriction (VR) during walking on neuromuscular adaptations as assessed by electromyography (EMG) activity may provide insight on how low intensity training with vascular restriction can be applied to various modes of exercise. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore and compare muscle activation changes of the quadriceps muscles during walking using EMG with and without blood flow restriction. METHODS: EMG electrodes …