Life Sciences Commons^™

A Leucine-Enriched Diet Enhances Overload-Induced Growth And Markers Of Protein Synthesis In Aged Rat Skeletal Muscle, Rengfei Shi, Hoke Whitworth, William Mixon, Scott E. Gordon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The hypertrophic response to overload in fast-twitch skeletal muscle is impaired in aged humans and rats, and impaired protein synthesis pathway activation is hypothesized to be a contributing factor. Muscle growth occurs when protein synthesis exceeds protein degradation. Dietary supplementation of the essential amino acid leucine has been shown to enhance protein synthesis in both young and aged skeletal muscle. Leucine acts in part by activating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; a key upstream regulator of protein synthesis pathways) as well as by attenuating the activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK; a negative regulator of mTOR and protein synthesis). …

A Leucine-Enriched Diet Enhances Overload-Induced Growth And Suppresses Markers Of Protein Degradation In Aged Rat Skeletal Muscle, Scott E. Gordon, William Mixon, Hoke Whitworth, Rengfei Shi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The hypertrophic response to overload in fast-twitch skeletal muscle is impaired in aged humans and rats, and upregulation of protein degradation pathways are hypothesized to be a contributing factor. Muscle growth occurs when protein synthesis is greater than protein degradation. Dietary supplementation of the essential amino acid leucine has been shown to reduce protein degradation in both young and aged skeletal muscle. Specifically, leucine acts in part by attenuating 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation as well as the translocation of the forkhead box transcription factor 3A (FoxO3, known to promote transcription of mRNAs encoding degradation pathway proteins) to the …

Effects Of Multivitamin Supplementation On Heart Rate Response In Aerobically Untrained College Aged Students, Greg A. Ryan, Charles P. Katica, Stacy H. Bishop, Robert L. Herron, Andy M. Bosak, Mark Sloniger

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Multivitamin use is increasingly prevalent in the US among most every population. Yet, previous research noted no performance benefits among individuals following a supplementation period. This study focused on the potential physiological benefits from a three week multivitamin supplementation period using 24 (20.9 ± 2.6yr) aerobically untrained college aged students. Subjects were divided equally into three groups (placebo = PL, multivitamin = MV, control = CL) and asked to perform separate eight minute bouts of exercise, consisting of six min of moderate (60%VO2max) intensity followed immediately by two min of high (85%VO2max) intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer. Following the …

Body Composition, Physical Activity And Fitness In Children With Moderate-To-Severe Intellectual Disability, Sigurbjorn A. Arngrimsson, Ingi T. Einarsson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been rising in most parts of the world over the past two decades (1, 2). This rise could pose even a greater problem for people with intellectual disability (ID) because they are more likely to be obese than people without ID (3). Furthermore, research has shown that a sedentary lifestyle is more prevalent among people with ID than otherwise healthy people in modern society (4). In the general population, the adverse effects of obesity on health begin early in life and physical inactivity and adiposity are associated with metabolic diseases and cancers …

The Physiological Stress Response To Anaerobic Exercise Is Altered Following Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation, Dan J. Peart, Richard Kirk, Angela Hillman, Bryna Chrismas, Leigh Madden, Jason Siegler, Rebecca Vince

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a nutritional aid that is proposed to enhance performance by reducing the state of exercise induced acidosis, however research is currently equivocal. Despite this, most research still focuses on its effects upon performance, and not whether the reduced acidosis impacts upon any other factors related to exercise. There is some research to suggest that such a reduction in [H+] can attenuate a number of physiological stress pathways such as stress hormones (1, 4), heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and oxidative stress (3), suggesting a potential role in exercise recovery. However there are some limitations with this …

C-Reactive Protein And The Disease Analog Model May Identify Predisposed Pre-Obese African-American Women, James W. Navalta, Scott Lyons, Sharon E. Whitlock, Demetrice D. Kirkwood, Scott W. Arnett, Mark A. Schafer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While the obesity rate in the Unites States has been reported to have hit a plateau, the overall percentage of obese Americans remains alarmingly high (27% self-reported, 33% population estimate). While the subgroup with the highest 2010 obesity rate is Black, non-Hispanic women (41.9%), there remains a disparity in the research with regards to this population group. The implication of an elevated obese population puts a strain on health care, overall quality of life, and is associated with a number of other co-morbidities. Given this background, pilot work to evaluate a disease analog model for obesity would be useful with …

Influence Of Differences In Exercise-Intensity And Kilograms/Set On Energy Expenditure During And After Maximally Explosive Resistance Exercise, Scott A. Mazzetti Ph.D., Christopher Wolff, Brittany Collins, Michael T. Kolankowski, Brittany Wilkerson, Matthew Overstreet, Troy Grube

International Journal of Exercise Science

With resistance exercise, greater intensity typically elicits increased energy expenditure, but heavier loads require that the lifter perform more sets of fewer repetitions, which alters the kilograms lifted per set. Thus, the effect of exercise-intensity on energy expenditure has yielded varying results, especially with explosive resistance exercise. This study was designed to examine the effect of exercise-intensity and kilograms/set on energy expenditure during explosive resistance exercise. Ten resistance-trained men (22±3.6 years; 84±6.4 kg, 180±5.1 cm, and 13±3.8 %fat) performed squat and bench press protocols once/week using different exercise-intensities including 48% (LIGHT-48), 60% (MODERATE-60), and 72% of 1-repetition-maximum (1-RM) (HEAVY-72), plus …

Outcomes Of A Family Based Pediatric Obesity Program - Preliminary Results, Meghan L. Ruebel, Kate A. Heelan, R.Todd Bartee, Nancy Foster

International Journal of Exercise Science

Children that are classified as obese (body mass index (BMI) > 95th percentile for age and sex, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) have an increased risk for metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Family based programs that focus on physical activity (PA) and healthy eating are recommended for treatment of pediatric obesity. The purpose of the current study is to determine the outcomes of Building Healthy Families (BHF), a family-based pediatric weight loss treatment program composed of nutrition, physical activity and behavioral modification strategies. In addition, mediating variables that are associated with weight loss in children, in order to enhance the retention …

Effects Of Xs® Energy Drink On Aerobic Exercise Capacity Of Athletes, Kevin M. Sheehan, Lynn K. Hartzler

International Journal of Exercise Science

A small increase in performance is often the difference between winning and losing for athletes, and energy supplements are marketed to give them a competitive edge. One such supplement is XSAlt 0174 Energy Drink which contains B vitamins, caffeine, taurine, and an herbal adaptogen blend. XSAlt 0174 Energy Drink is primarily designed and marketed as an alertness stimulus; however, it is also marketed to athletes as a performance enhancing supplement. We hypothesized that the consumption of XSAlt 0174 Energy Drink before exercise would increase aerobic capacity (an increase in Vo2max) and time to fatigue, and would decrease time for recovery …

The Effect Of Energy Patches On Substrate Utilization In Collegiate Cross-Country Runners, Ryan E. Fiddler, Doug Smith, Bert Jacobson, Crishel Klein, Aric Warren, Matt O'Brien, Brennan Thompson, Lee Everett

International Journal of Exercise Science

It is well established that an increased capacity of skeletal muscle to oxidize fatty acids can spare glycogen and delay the onset of fatigue in mild- to moderate-intensity exercise. The purpose of the following study was to examine the effect of LifeWave® energy patches on non-protein substrate utilization in Division-1 cross-country runners. To determine the effect of the patches subjects were pretested to establish baselines and randomly assigned to an experimental (EX) or placebo (PL) group. Twenty-two trained male (n = 11; mean ± SD, age = 21.1 ± 2.6years, height = 179.6 ± 4.2cm, body mass = 71.4 ± …

Effects Of Energy Drinks On Metabolism At Rest And During Submaximal Treadmill Exercise In College Age Males., Janae Nienhueser, Gregory A. Brown, Brandon S. Shaw, Ina Shaw

International Journal of Exercise Science

Energy drinks are widely available and popular among athletes and non-athletes. However, the effects of energy drinks on resting and exercise energy expenditure and metabolism remain largely unknown. On four separate occasions, baseline measurements of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) were obtained in ten healthy males (21.4 ± 1.6 y, 77.60± 7.5 kg, 180.0 ± 7.1 cm). Then, in a randomly assigned cross-over design, the subjects consumed 473 ml of one of three commercially available energy drinks or a placebo and then RMR and RER were measured 1 hour later. The subjects then engaged in 15 …

Gender Related Differences In Stress And Health Outcomes In College Age Students, Michael Cedeno, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Purpose: Rates of obesity and metabolic disorders in young adults are becoming more prevalent in today’s society. To date, only a few investigators have compared the effect that stress may have on health and metabolic outcomes in college age adults. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between stress and cholesterol levels in male versus female college age students.

Methods: Thirty-six adults ages 20 to 27 participated in this study. Total blood cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, TC/HDL ratio, and glucose were measured one time using the Cholestech LDX® after either an overnight, or 4-hour fast. …

Dietary Intake In Ncaa Division Ia Football Players During The Off-Season, Kathryn M. Mccammon, Jonathan Oliver, Jonathan Tanguay, David Weir, Stephen Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Off-season football player interaction with athletic personnel is limited and may result in the athletes’ diets not meeting current ACSM guidelines for macronutrient intake or recommendations for key micronutrients, having a negative impact on performance and health. Purpose: To examine the dietary intake of NCAA Division IA football players during the summer off-season to determine if ACSM nutrition guidelines were being met. Methods: Fifty-nine NCAA Division IA football players (20 ± 2 yrs, 186.7 ± 6.4 cm, 102.9 ± 18.5 kg) completed a 24 hour dietary recall administered by a Registered Dietitian. Recalls were obtained during the summer off-season when …

The Effects Of An Obesogenic Diet On Liver Oxysterol Metabolism In C57bl/6j Mice, Joshua S. Wooten, Huaizhu Wu, Joe L. Raya, Amir Mansoori, Xiao-Yuan Dai Perrard, Jerry Perrard, Ron C. Hoogeveen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Oxysterols are key regulators of lipid metabolism and play a role in the etiology of atherosclerosis; however, our current understanding of tissue levels of oxysterols during different disease states such as obesity is limited. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of obesity induced by a high fat-cholesterol (HFC) diet on liver oxysterol metabolism. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard control diet (5.0% w/w fat, 0.03% w/w chol) or a HFC (21.0% w/w fat, 0.15% w/w chol) diet for 24 weeks. Comparisons between dietary groups were made with independent sample t-tests. Total body mass and …

The Effect Of Short And Long Recovery Periods On The Contribution Of Oxidative Processes To Energy Expenditure During Multiple Bouts Of Supramaximal Exercise, Eric C. Olson, Kenneth V. Christensen, Adam Jajtner, Jen Copeland, Matt Unthank, Joel B. Mitchell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Effect of Short and Long Recovery Periods on the Contribution of Oxidative Processes to Energy Expenditure During Multiple Bouts of Supramaximal Exercise

Olson, E. (undergraduate), Christensen, K., Jajtner, A., Copeland, J., Unthank, M., and Mitchell, J. Exercise Physiology Lab, Texas Christian University, Ft. Worth, TX.

The contribution of oxidative energy production to multiple sprint exercises is of interest due to implications for the training needs of people engaging in anaerobic activities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short and long active recovery durations on oxidative and anaerobic contributions to energy output during maximal …

Artificial Sweetener Sensing In The Human Mouth And Effect On Exercise Performance, James Mock

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Many studies have suggested that oral rinsing of a sweet carbohydrate can positively affect exercise performance by stimulating reward centers in the brain. However, few studies have been performed which compared the effects of a sweet carbohydrate with a sweet artificial sweetener. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a sweet carbohydrate rinse, an artificial sweetener rinse, and a water rinse on exercise performance. Eight college students completed a ten-minute trial ride and were able to perform significantly more work when rinsing with the carbohydrate or artificial sweetener rinses (Total work= 116.63 (20.3) kJ p=0.003, 117.04 …

Vitamin D Status Relative To Diet, Lifestyle, Injury, And Illness In College Athletes, Tanya M. Halliday, Nikki J. Peterson, Joi J. Thomas, Kent Kleppinger, Bruce W. Hollis, D. Enette Larson-Meyer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Vitamin D deficiency is endemic in the general population; however, there is much to be learned about the vitamin D status of athletes. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in collegiate athletes and to determine whether 25(OH)D concentrations are related to vitamin D intake, sun exposure, body composition, and risk for illness or athletic injury. Methods: 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations were measured in 41 athletes (18 men/23 women, 12 indoor/29 outdoor athletes) throughout the academic year. Dietary intake and lifestyle habits were assessed via questionnaire, bone density was measured by dual …