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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Factors Influencing Travel Order As Proxy For Leadership And Trade-Offs In Activity Budgets In Lactating And Nonlactating African Savanna Elephants, Malgorzata Wisniewska
Factors Influencing Travel Order As Proxy For Leadership And Trade-Offs In Activity Budgets In Lactating And Nonlactating African Savanna Elephants, Malgorzata Wisniewska
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Nutritional and energetic needs of female mammals depend upon size or reproductive investment and shape individual activity budgets and behavioral patterns. To maximize nutritional and energetic intake females may increase time allocated to foraging or access resources through risk-prone behaviors, represented as aggression or leadership. Conversely, to minimize nutritional and energetic spending females may engage in risk-averse activities such as resting or nonaggressive social interactions. Females with the highest needs should exhibit activities and behaviors that facilitate the greatest nutritional and energetic returns or highest metabolic savings. The propensity for risk-prone behaviors may be greater among older as well as …
A Comparison Of Current Anuran Monitoring Methods With Emphasis On The Accuracy Of Automatic Vocalization Detection Software, Jacob Douglas Eldridge
A Comparison Of Current Anuran Monitoring Methods With Emphasis On The Accuracy Of Automatic Vocalization Detection Software, Jacob Douglas Eldridge
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Currently, a variety of methods are available to monitor anurans, and little standardization of methods exists. New methods to monitor anurans have become available over the past twenty years, including PVC pipe arrays used for tree frog capture and Automated Digital Recording Systems (ADRS) used to remotely monitor calling activity. In addition to ADRS, machine-learning computer software, automated vocalization recognition software (AVRS), has been developed to automatically detect vocalizations within digital sound recordings. The use of a combination of ADRS and AVRS shows the promise to reduce the number of people, time, and resources needed for an effective call survey …
Bacterial Interactions Of Inoculated Price's Potato Bean (Apios Priceana): A Biological Study, Rhonda Walker
Bacterial Interactions Of Inoculated Price's Potato Bean (Apios Priceana): A Biological Study, Rhonda Walker
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Apios priceana is a native endangered species plant found in the Southeast United States. It is characterized as a leguminous species that bears wisteria like clusters with pea like flowers, a large tuberous root and four to six inch long seed pods. It is believed the Native Americans and early European settlers relied on this species as a source of protein and utilized the seeds for cultivation of the tuberous “potato” which formed. Apios priceana contains an average of 13% fiber, 6.9% protein, 71% carbohydrate and 9 of the 11 essential amino acids needed in human diets (Walter et al.,1986). …
The Effects Of Playing Exergames On Energy Expenditure, Demetrice Kirkwood
The Effects Of Playing Exergames On Energy Expenditure, Demetrice Kirkwood
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The purpose of this study was to assess the performance, ratings of perceived exertion, metabolic responses, and energy expenditure as individuals participated in interactive video game play. There were 14 participants that participated in the study, whose age was 20.1 ± 1.64 years of age. Participants completed a maximal aerobic test to exhaustion (VO2max test), and then 30 minute testing session on both the Kinect Adventures (K) and Wii Fit Plus game. Data were analyzed using a dependent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05. Energy expenditure and RPE were significant in both exergames interactive game …
Relationships Among Rubus (Rosaceae) Species Used In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinu Wang
Relationships Among Rubus (Rosaceae) Species Used In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinu Wang
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of using plants therapeutically including multiple species of the genus Rubus (Rosaceae). Fruits and other parts of Rubus plants have had a significant effect on human health and nutrition in both ancient and modern times. The pharmacological effects of Rubus include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-stress, anti-cancer and anti-aging properties. One of the current challenges limiting further development of Rubus resources in traditional Chinese medicine is a poor understanding of phylogenetic relationships among Rubus species in general and especially among Asian species, and also the need for additional studies of phytochemicals. Several confounding factors are …
The Relationship Of Dominance, Reproductive State And Stress In A Non-Cooperative Breeder, The Domestic Horse (Equus Caballus), Carly Anne Sinderbrand
The Relationship Of Dominance, Reproductive State And Stress In A Non-Cooperative Breeder, The Domestic Horse (Equus Caballus), Carly Anne Sinderbrand
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Animals that live in a social group are often organized in a hierarchy with rank determining access to resources. Maintaining a dominant position requires a high rate of energetically expensive aggressive displays and physical exertion. Lab based winnerloser studies, often conducted with individuals from non-social species, have shown that subordinates have higher stress hormone levels than dominant individuals (subordinatestress hypothesis). However, in carnivorous animals that are cooperative breeders, displays of aggression are associated with elevated stress hormone levels (dominancestress hypothesis). The effect of reproductive state on dominance and stress is not addressed within either of these hypotheses. The purpose of …
Spatial Distribution Of Human Elephant Conflict (Hec) And Characterization Of Crop-Raiding Elephants In Kasigau Region, Kenya, Simon Kasaine Kagwa
Spatial Distribution Of Human Elephant Conflict (Hec) And Characterization Of Crop-Raiding Elephants In Kasigau Region, Kenya, Simon Kasaine Kagwa
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Human-elephant conflict (HEC) is complex and a serious elephant conservation concern across Africa and Asia where elephants are found. HEC occurs whenever people and elephants share common interests. For HEC to be ameliorated and elephant conservation to be successful locally and regionally, the distribution and implications of HEC should be understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of HECs and characterize elephant herds in terms of herd size responsible for crop-raiding in Kasigau. The study was generally guided by two working a priori hypotheses: (1) farms near the bush edge or livestock watering points will …
Sound Production In Two Loricariid Catfishes, Amanda Lynn Webb
Sound Production In Two Loricariid Catfishes, Amanda Lynn Webb
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Many families of catfish produce sounds via pectoral spine stridulation and/or swim bladder compression using sonic muscles attached to the swim bladder. The sound production capabilities and characteristics in Loricariidae, the largest catfish family, have not been well examined. Sounds produced by two loricariid catfish species, Macrotocinclus affinis and Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps were recorded. Both species produce broad band calls via pectoral spine stridulation. These species produce sounds by rubbing the ridges of the dorsal process of the pectoral spine base against the groove of the pectoral girdle. Call duration was generally shorter in M. affinis (2-15 ms) as opposed to …
Action Spectrum For Photoentrainment Of The Circadian Clock In Wild-Type Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Jennifer Forbes=Stovall
Action Spectrum For Photoentrainment Of The Circadian Clock In Wild-Type Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Jennifer Forbes=Stovall
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The circadian clock is an endogenous timer that oscillates with a period of approximately 24 hours and is reset upon environmental time cues such as the daily light/ dark or temperature cycles. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an ideal model organism for research on the circadian clock, because it shows several well-characterized behaviors that exhibit a circadian rhythm. Its circadian rhythm of phototaxis (swimming toward light) has been automated. Former action spectrum studies using the circadian phototaxis rhythm as an indicator surprisingly found that pulses of blue light were not effective in resetting the circadian clock of dark-adapted cells. This may have …
Regulation Of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase In Pulmonary Myofibroblasts, Jonathan David Faughn
Regulation Of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase In Pulmonary Myofibroblasts, Jonathan David Faughn
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease leading to decreased lung volume and eventual respiratory failure. At present, the median post-diagnosis lifespan is between three and six years. Myofibroblasts are collagen-secreting cells essential for wound healing, but also implicated in the fibroproliferation and extra cellular matrix deposition commonly seen in IPF. The nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway is implicated in protomyofibroblast to myofibroblast transition and regulation. Previous work has shown that in pulmonary myofibroblasts, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the primary NOS isoform expressed. The current study used cultured rat pulmonary myofibroblasts between passages two and five …
Investigation Of C-Reactive Protein And Leptin As Biomarkers Of Obesity With Potential Clinical Utility, Rachel Ann Friedman
Investigation Of C-Reactive Protein And Leptin As Biomarkers Of Obesity With Potential Clinical Utility, Rachel Ann Friedman
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Obesity and its subsequent disease states are major health problems in the United States. In many ways, obesity can be considered a “disease state” itself due to the changes it causes on the body. High-intensity exercise also places acute stress the body, putting humans in recovery from exercise in a state that may be analogous to a temporary disease state. The purpose of this study was to examine biomarkers associated with obesity (CRP and Leptin) before and after continuous and intermittent bouts of exercise in an obese but otherwise healthy sample vs. a healthy, non-obese sample. This investigation focused on …
The Effects Of Multispecies Grazing On Pasture Management And Utilization, Chelsea Williams
The Effects Of Multispecies Grazing On Pasture Management And Utilization, Chelsea Williams
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Multispecies grazing research was conducted using meat-type goats (Capra hircus L.) and Jersey heifers (Bos taurus L.) to determine the relationships between multiple grazing treatments and pasture utilization. The study was conducted for 60 days on the Western Kentucky University Farm in Bowling Green, KY. Cattle and goats have shown to differ in grazing preferences and to be economically important to the area. Grazing treatments included goats and cattle grazing simultaneously, sequentially, and goats grazing alone. A typical established Kentucky pasture was utilized with no weed management practices employed. Predominant forage species included tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), orchardgrass (Dactylis …
Post-Exercise Hypotension In Brief Exercise, Jeremiah G. Bush
Post-Exercise Hypotension In Brief Exercise, Jeremiah G. Bush
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether a single 10 minute bout of exercise, performed at multiple intervals throughout the day to equal 30 minutes, can effectively elicit post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Secondly, it is important to explore whether a light (40% VO2R) or moderate (70% VO2R) intensity is required to elicit PEH within 10 minutes. Subjects (N=11) completed a VO2max test utilizing the Bruce Treadmill protocol. Each subject returned within 3 – 5 days to complete two separate exercising trials. A counter balanced system was employed so that each subject did not perform the same intensity rotation (Counter …
Generation Of Transgenic Medicago Sativa Overexpressing "Osmotin-Chitinase" Gene Chimera, Jahnavi Reddy Kancharla
Generation Of Transgenic Medicago Sativa Overexpressing "Osmotin-Chitinase" Gene Chimera, Jahnavi Reddy Kancharla
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Medicago is widely used as a forage crop. It is often susceptible to various pathogenic infections and exhibits low growth in drought and extreme climatic conditions. In the current study, a strategy was developed for over-expressing an “Osmotin-Chitinase” gene chimera in transgenic Medicago that could potentially confer resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Seed germination of several cultivars of Medicago (M. sativa ssp. sativa, M. sativa ssp. falcata, M. sativa ssp. caerulea, M. truncatula, and M. Rugosa) was tested to determine the cultivars with good germination rates. Among these, M. sativa ssp. sativa showed an …
Sensory Evaluations Of Usda Select Strip Loin Steaks Enhanced With Sodium And Potassium Phosphates And Usda Choice Strip Loin Steaks For Comparable Palatability Factors, Lindsey Reynolds
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The cyclic nature of the beef industry is dependent on the supply and demand transaction initiated by consumers’ acceptability of quality meat products. When purchasing beef at the grocery store, consumers are dependent on USDA grades and visual appraisal; consumers expect consistency in products. Upon this appraisal, quality is determined by the color, marbling content, and texture of a particular retail cut, as well as cooked characteristics of tenderness, flavor, and juiciness. Variability in meat tenderness is a major quality defect of beef (Morgan et al., 1991b; Smith et al., 1992). A common practice used by beef processors to extend …
The Western Kentucky University Teaching Gardens: Landscape Design And Establishment Plan, Claudia Stetter
The Western Kentucky University Teaching Gardens: Landscape Design And Establishment Plan, Claudia Stetter
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The purpose of this thesis is to design a landscape plan for Teaching Gardens at the Western Kentucky University Agriculture Research and Education Center. The landscape plans were selected based upon the available 5.3 acres surrounding the greenhouse, vineyard, and Exposition Center. Planning included goals and objectives, analysis of the available site, landscape design plans, and connecting the Teaching Gardens to the current curriculum. This thesis also includes related areas to the development of Teaching Gardens such as: summary of courses with related topics to Teaching Gardens, programs that will be used throughout the community, and a listing of current …
Economic Impacts Of Drought On Kentucky Corn, Hay, And Soybeans, Kortney E. Craft
Economic Impacts Of Drought On Kentucky Corn, Hay, And Soybeans, Kortney E. Craft
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Understanding climatic impacts is important if we are to comprehend the relationship between climate and society. Weather phenomena can have environmental, economical, and social impacts. Drought is the natural hazard that affects people the most. It is also the most complex and least understood. There is no one universally accepted definition for drought which makes its examination difficult. Droughts’ duration is also difficult to determine because it has no clearly defined onset and end. Also, drought varies both geographically and temporally making uniform drought monitoring difficult. Since drought is difficult to monitor and access, drought impacts are often poorly documented. …
A Prevalence Study Of Southeast Origin Sale Barn Beef Cattle, Comingled In Warren County, Kentucky, Persistently Infected With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Including The Effects Of Season And Body Weight, Sarah Elizabeth Thomas
A Prevalence Study Of Southeast Origin Sale Barn Beef Cattle, Comingled In Warren County, Kentucky, Persistently Infected With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Including The Effects Of Season And Body Weight, Sarah Elizabeth Thomas
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an economically important disease of cattle. Calves persistently infected (PI) with the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are a powerful agent for spread of the virus. A total of 24,423 southeast origin beef cattle comingled at three Warren County, Kentucky locations were tested from November 2007 to June 2010 for PI BVDV. A total of 97 head tested positive for PI BVDV, giving an average overall prevalence of 0.397%.
Calves tested were subdivided into categories for additional calculations of dependence. A total of 8,910 were categorized by weight range upon testing (300-399 lbs, 400-499 lbs, …