Life Sciences Commons^™

Diluted And Undiluted Mercox Severely Destroy Unfixed Endothelial Cells. A Light And Electron Microscopic Study Using Cultured Endothelial Cells And Tadpole Tail Fin Vessels, J. Gassner, A. Lametschwandtner, T. Weiger, H. C. Bauer

Scanning Microscopy

Mercox is a methylmethacrylate-based resin which is widely used for vascular corrosion casting with subsequent scanning electron microscopic analysis. In the present study the effect of undiluted and diluted Mercox (4+1; volume + volume; Mercox: monomeric methylmethacrylate (MMA); 0.02 g catalyst MA/ml Mercox) and methylmethacrylate with and without catalyst MA (0.625 g/10 ml MMA) on fixed and unfixed endothelial cells was studied. Light microscopy (LM) of cultured capillary endothelial cells (ECs), which were replicated with diluted or undiluted Mercox shows degranulation and membrane perturbation of ECs, while no morphological changes occur in glutaraldehyde-prefixed ECs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of replicas …

Methodological Aspects Of Spontaneous Crystalluria Studies In Calcium Stone Formers, C. A. Bader, A. Chevalier, C. Hennequin, P. Jungers, M. Daudon, O. Beaugendre, M. P. Hoarau

Scanning Microscopy

Despite nearly a half-century of study, the clinical value of spontaneous crystalluria (Cx) examinations in calcium stone formers (CaSF) is still uncertain. The analytical complexity of urine particle study is largely responsible for this situation. As a result, there is no consensus regarding technical methods in Cx with several techniques for urine sampling and three different instruments currently used for particle study, namely, particle counting (PC), light microscopy (LM) and petrographic microscopy (PM). In this work, we first examined urine sampling and instrument methods regarding their appropriateness for Cx studies. Then we performed a comparative analysis of Cx studies in …

Glycol Methacrylate Embedding And Microwave Staining For Light Microscopy Of The Mouse Cochlea, Bharti Katbamna, Atha Ralston

Scanning Microscopy

This study examined the utility of a methacrylate-based embedding medium and microwave staining for light microscopic quantification of hair cells and spiral ganglion cells in the mouse cochlea. The most important phase of the preparation process involved slowing down the polymerization process. The tissue molecules so locked within the plastic matrix produced excellent preservation of the organ of Corti and adjacent structures including the spiral ganglion, as well as tissue ionic charges. Excitable by microwaves, these ionic charges accelerated the movement of the basic dye (hematoxylin) into the tissue, reducing the time for this segment of the staining process from …

The Microvasculature Of Human Infant Oral Mucosa Using Vascular Corrosion Casts And India Ink Injection Ii. Palate And Lip, Q. X. Yu, K. M. Pang, W. Ran, H. P. Philipsen, X. H. Chen

Scanning Microscopy

The microvasculature of human hard and soft palate and lip originating from four infant males and six females, aged 6 months to 2 years was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and light microscopy of India ink injected specimens. The capillary loops of the hard palate mucosa and vermilion border of the lips were found to be tall, numerous and consisted of primary, secondary and tertiary loops. Those of the soft palatal and labial mucosa were short, few in number and demonstrated a simple hair-pin shape originating directly from the subpapillary vascular network. It was concluded that …

Observations On The Enamel Of Odontomas, Carla Marchetti, Cesare Piacentini, Paolo Menghini, Marcella Reguzzoni

Scanning Microscopy

The morphological study of odontomas provides an alternative model for observing the formation of dental tissues, since different maturing stages are present simultaneously. Investigations were performed on decalcified samples (using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) and on undecalcified samples of complex odontoma enamel (using transmission electron microscopy). Simultaneous presence of prismatic enamel at various maturing stages with different structural characteristics was observed. Such enamel was sometimes associated with layers of ameloblastic cells with characteristics of cells in functional activity. In other sites, the enamel did not present a prismatic structure but it appeared as unstructured material clusters with abundant …

Immunological Pathogenesis Of Endolymphatic Hydrops And Its Relation To Meniere's Disease, S. Tomiyama, T. Yagi, M. Sakagami, K. Fukazawa

Scanning Microscopy

This study was designed to investigate an immunologically induced endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) and to focus on the issue of its pathogenesis in relation to Meniere's disease. The time course of ELH was evaluated by light microscopy in a 2-hour to 7-month period following direct antigen challenge to the endolymphatic sac (ELS) in systemically pre-sensitized guinea pigs. ELH began to appear in the vestibule and the basal turn 5-7 hours after inner ear challenge and developed gradually. During the interval from the second day to the first week, ELH rapidly developed in all the cochlear turns and reached a maximum size. …

Keynote Paper: The Scanning Electron Microscope (Sem) Supplemented By The Polarized Light Microscope (Plm), And Vice Versa, Walter C. Mccrone

Scanning Microscopy

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) yields excellent topographic and other shape information and, when fitted with an energy dispersive system (EDS), elemental composition. The polarized light microscope (PLM) on the other hand, delivers information on the internal properties of small particles, fibers, and films. By determining optical properties as well as shape, PLM determines molecular, rather than elemental, composition. Both SEM and PLM have impressive records for problem solving in the research and development world and each is usually applied without aid from the other. Examples are given of important problems that have been solved by supplementary PLM with SEM …

Food Microscopy And The Nutritional Quality Of Cereal Foods, Suk Hing Yiu

Food Structure

The nutritional quality of cereal foods is directly related to the nature of nutrient storage in cereal grains. Most cereal nutrients, such as carbohydrates and minerals , are st ructurally bound. Processing alters the structural organization of the cereal grain. Results obtained from many nutritional studies indicate that the structure and physical form of a cereal food greatly influence the availability of its nutrients.

Using oats and wheat as examples, this review demonstrates how microscopy contributes to understanding the relationship between cereal structures and the availability of nutrients in cereal foods. Various forms of food microscopy play important roles in …

Liquid Holding Capacity And Structural Changes During Heating Of Fish Muscle: Cod (Gadus Morhua L.) And Salmon (Salmo Salar), Ragni Ofstad, Siw Kidman, Reidar Myklebust, Anne-Marie Hermansson

Food Structure

The loss of water and fat in cod and salmon muscle was studied as a function of heating temperature from 5-70 C. The liquid-holding capacity was measured by a low speed centrifugation net test leading to the separation of released liquid. To obtain a better understanding of the liquid-holding properties, the microscopic changes of the samples were evaluated by light microscopy. Two different preparation techniques were used . Cod lost twice as much water as salmon upon beating. After an initial delay , the water loss increased at 20-35°C, attained a maximum at 45-50°C, and thereafter decreased in both fish …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Oven Roasting And Oil Cooking On The Microstructure Of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L. Cv. Florigiant) Cotyledon, Clyde T. Young, William E. Schadel

Food Structure

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Florigiant) cotyledon microstructure after oven roasting and oil cooking at 160 C was documented with scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy . Changes in peanut cotyledon microstructure were compared as thermal processing time at 160°C was increased for both oven roasting and oil cooking. The purpose was to evaluate thermal modifications in the cytoplasmic network, protein bodies and cell-to-cell junctions as thermal processing time in creased for each heating method. Principal findings included differences in the times at which these modifications occurred during the two thermal processes. Oven roasting a t 160 …

Microstructure And Rheological Properties Of Composites Of Potato Starch Granules And Amylose: A Comparison Of Observed And Predicted Structures, K. Svegmark, A.-M. Hermansson

Food Structure

Potato starch granules were gelatinised in amylose solution to study the effect of adding amylose to a highswelling granular starch system. The effects of varying the amount of potato starch from 1-10% , added to a solution of 2% amylose, were studied by means of dynamic viscoelastic measurements and light microscopy.

The granules gelatinised in amylose solution had a lower degree of swelling than those gelatinised in water. The restricted swelling in amylose was reflected in a decrease in the complex shear modulus (G*) at 75'C. GeJatinisation in 2% amylopectin also caused a decrease in G*, but gelatinisation in 2% …

Microstructural Approach To Legume Seeds For Food Uses, Kyoko Saio, Michiko Monma

Food Structure

This review summarizes the microstructures of several seed legumes based on previous work and some new findings. Fifteen species of tropically grown legumes , adzuki bean and soybeans (a leading variety and two local va rietie s) were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy in relation to food uses. Processing of adzuki beans to form Q!l bean paste is dis cussed to illustrate the effects of processing on microstructure of starch g rains. Differences in contents, shape and size of starch grains are emphasized in a comparison of soybeans wi th other legumes.

Effect Of Chronic Treatment With Diuretics On Mouse Liver: A Morphological And Microanalytical Investigation, Ann-Christin Mork, Anne Von Euler, Godfried M. Roomans

Scanning Microscopy

In an attempt to produce an animal model for the disease cystic fibrosis (CF), mice were treated chronically with the diuretics amiloride and furosemide, in order to cause chronic inhibition of transepithelial ion transport. Experiments were carried out on adult mice (2 months treatment); in addition, pregnant mice were treated with diuretics, and tissue from offspring 2 and 7 days post partum was investigated. Since biliary cirrhosis is a common occurrence in CF, hepatocytes in the treated mice were investigated by X-ray microanalysis and by light and electron microscopy.

Treatment with amiloride caused a significant decrease in cellular Na concentration …

The Normal, Cryptorchid And Retractile Prepuberal Human Testis: A Comparative Morphometric Ultrastructural Study Of 101 Cases, Saverio Cinti, Giorgio Barbatelli, Claudia Pierleoni, Manlio Caucci

Scanning Microscopy

Fifty-two surgical biopsies from retractile testes of patients in pediatric age (3-14 years), of which 25 were treated with hormonal therapy (RT) and 27 did not undergo therapy before orchidopexy (RNT), were compared with the biopsies of 19 normal (N) and 30 cryptorchid or ectopic (E) testes. A light and electron microscopic morphologic and morphometric study was performed. For the quantitative investigation 4 parameters were selected: a) the mean tubular diameter (on 20 cross-sections); b) the mean spermatogonial number per tubular section; c) the mean nucleolar area of the Sertoli cells; and d) the mean thickness …

Response Of The Esophageal Epithelium To Concomitant Cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(Ii) And Radiation Treatment. An Electron Microscopic Study In Rabbits, M. Albertsson, M. Cwikiel, C. H. Håkansson, M. Palmegren

Scanning Microscopy

The rabbit esophageal mucosa was irradiated with daily fractions of 2 Gy up to an accumulated dose of 20 Gy (total dose 2, 6, 10. 16 or 20 Gy). Fifteen to forty-five minutes before the start of each irradiation 0.3 mg Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (cis-DDP, cisplatinum) was given by intraperitoneal injection to each rabbit. Examinations were carried out 1-10 days after each fractionation schedule, when specimens were taken for morphological investigations.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination showed a gradual development of damage with cell loss and structural disarrangement of the microridges and whorls on the surface. However, with further treatment the esophageal …

Morphological Study Of Gastric Lesions Developing In The Rat Under Several Damaging Conditions: Modifications Induced By Pretreatment With Zinc Acexamate, M. Luisa Bravo, Ginés Escolar, Carmen Navarro, Ramón Fontarnau, Oriol Bulbena

Scanning Microscopy

Lesions developing in the gastric mucosa of the rat after exposure to different gastric damaging agents (100 mg/kg aspirin, and 70% or 100% ethanol) were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The severity of the lesions was quantified according to morphological criteria. Modifications in the severity of these lesions induced by pretreatment with zinc acexamate were also analyzed. The scanning electron microscope revealed that with the exception of absolute ethanol, which caused distinctive morphological features, lesions found under the different experimental agents shared a common pattern of progression. Ultrastructural lesions on surface epithelial cells preceded further alterations of parietal cells. After …

Review And New Case Reports On Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Pili Annulati, Monilethrix And Trichothiodystrophy, K. Meyvisch, M. Song, N. Dourov

Scanning Microscopy

Pili annulati, Monilethrix and Trichothiodystrophy are uncommon conditions in which the hair shaft has a distinct appearance as seen by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We report several new cases and review the characteristic ultrastructural abnormalities investigated by SEM.

Pili annulati: abnormal areas which show a longitudinal, "curtain-like" folding of the cuticular cells, alternating with normal areas. The latter present regularly non-systematized, superficial depressions. Hair specimens of the patient's mother show the same surface irregularities.

Monilethrix: most hair shafts show variations in thickness giving a typical nodal appearance. In the isthmus area we noticed longitudinal ridging …

A Light, Transmission And Scanning Electron Microscope Study Of Snuff-Treated Hamster Cheek Pouch Epithelium, S. H. Ashrafi, A. Das, R. Worowongvasu, B. Mehdinejad, J. P. Waterhouse

Scanning Microscopy

The effects of smokeless tobacco (snuff) on hamster cheek mucosa were studied by light microscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two grams of commercially available smokeless tobacco were placed into the blind end of the right cheek pouch of each experimental animal, once a day and five days a week for 24 months. The control animals did not receive smokeless tobacco. After 24 months treatment with smokeless tobacco, hamster cheek mucosal epithelium lost its translucency and had become whitish in color. By light microscopy hyperorthokeratosis, prominent granular cell layers with increased keratohyalin granules and hyperplasia were seen. At …

Structure Of Margarines Made With Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oil, J. Hojerova, S. Schmidt, J. Krempasky

Food Structure

Margarine based on hydrogenated low erucic acid rapeseed oil shows a strong tendency to produce an unacceptable grainy structure. This is caused by rapid transition of the B-form into the B-form of fat crystals. Sorbitan esters, monoacylglycerols, and a blend of acylglycerols were investigated as possible B-stabilizers. Polymorphic transitions were evaluated by visual assessment, examination by polarized light microscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis in margarines prepared on a laboratory scale and containing varying amounts of stabilizers. The evaluation was extended over a 7-week period of storage at 10 C. Sorbitan esters of fatty acids were found to be the most …

Structure And Rheology Of String Cheese, S. Taneya, T. Izutsu, T. Kimura, T. Shioya

Food Structure

String cheese samples ranging in pH from 5.0 to 5.9 were prepared by kneading Mozzarella curd and stretching it 2 to 80 times. Rheological properties were examined by compression, stress relaxation , and flow property tests. Stringiness was tested by a device specifically designed for this purpose: a standardized string was pulled from the sample at a direction perpendicular to the orientation of the curd and the amount of fibres resulting from this process was quantitated using digital image analysis.

Force-deformation curves implied that the curd prepared by kneading may be considered to be an incompressible viscoelastic body similar to …

Microstructure And Texture Of Khoa, G. R. Patil, A. A. Patel, Paula Allan-Wojtas, Miloslav Kalab

Food Structure

Khoa, a partially dehydrated milk product indigenous to India, was prepared from buffalo milk by boiling it vigorously in an open pan and reducing its volume to approximately 25% within 30 min. The hot semi-solid product (Khoa pat) was held at 20•c for 3 h (fresh, cooled Khoa) or 48 h (swred Khoa); the products were either worked with a pestle in a mortar for 5 min or were left without working.

Structural features of Khoa were studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Freshly prepared coo led Khoa had a granular structure consisting of protein granules several hundred micrometers …

Light Microscopy Measurements Of Ice Recrystallization In Frozen Corn Starch Pastes Using Isothermal Freeze Fixation, C. Ferrero, M. N. Martino, N. E. Zaritzky

Food Structure

Isothermal freeze fixation was used to analyze ice recrystallization by light microscopy in a 10 % (W/W) frozen corn starch paste during storage at temperatures in the range of -5 to -20 °C.

Different formulations were tested in order to obtain a suitable fixative for this method of indirect observation of the ice crystals. A solution of formaldehyde, ethanol and water (10:45:45 V:V) was selected because it minimized substitution-induced distortion and contraction of the matrix. The diffusion coefficients of the selected fixative in the frozen system were measured at different temperatures in conditions of unidirectional mass transfer in a semi …

Heat-Induced Structural Changes In Acid-Modified Barley Starch Dispersions, K. Autio, K. Poutanen, T. Suortti, E. Pessa

Food Structure

The effect of heat treatment on the gel formation and microstructure of barley starch dispersions , hydrolyzed with I M HCI for 0.5, 1.0 and 4.0 hours , was studied by dynamic viscoelastic methods and by light microscopy . The effects of acid hydrolysis on the molecular weight of amylopectin and amylose were studied by high -performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with post-column iodine staining.

Microstructural studies of 8% hydrolyzed barley starch dispersions heated to 90 0 C showed that even a short acid treatment induced considerable changes in the granule structure. The molecular weight of amylopectin decreased substantially. As the …

The Microvasculature Of Human Oral Mucosa Using Vascular Corrosion Casts And India Ink Injection I. Tongue Papillae, Q. X. Yu, W. Ran, K. M. Pang, H. P. Philipsen, J. Theilade, X. H. Chen, Y. C. Mok

Scanning Microscopy

The microvasculature of human tongue papillae originating from 9 males and 6 females, aged 0.5 to 2 years was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts and by light microscopy (LM) of India ink injected specimens. All papillae showed a microvasculature characterized by primary, secondary and tertiary capillary loops. In the filiform papillae the loops were generally arranged in a corolla-like pattern with the tertiary loops demonstrating a hair-pin shape. The fungiform papillae showed basically a similar architectural pattern although the loops were somewhat more compact and complex in structure. A small, shallow depression of the tertiary …

Thin Sectioning Of Carbonaceous Adsorbent Spheres For Visualization By Light Microscopy And Scanning Electron Microscopy, Samuel H. Cohen, Ronald A. Segars

Scanning Microscopy

Three different types of Rohm and Haas carbonaceous adsorbent spheres (XE-340, XE-347 and XE-348) were prepared for light and scanning electron microscopy by embedding in resin and by thin sectioning. Spurr's low viscosity resin, because of its penetrating and wetting ability, contributed to the production of the most uniform and artifact free thin sections. In addition to thin sectioning, gas adsorption surface area measurements were made on batches of each type of sphere.

There was an apparent relationship between the surface area measurements of 417.8 m²/g for XE-340, 583.4 m²/g for XE-347 and 752.9 m^{2 …}

Comparison Of The Effects Of Three Different Grinding Procedures On The Microstructure Of "Old-Fashioned" Non-Stabilized Peanut Butter, Clyde T. Young, William E. Schadel

Food Structure

Three different grinding procedures were utilized to prepare "old-fashioned" non-stabilized peanut butters. A leading commercial brand of stabilized peanut butter was used for comparison. The microstructure of each non-stabilized peanut butter was then evaluated with light microscopy and compared to the microstructure of the commercial brand of stabilized peanut butter. Major findings include: (1) dense spatial relationships of protein bodies, starch grains, and cell and tissue fragments that exist in "old-fashioned " non-stabilized peanut butter as compared to the well-dispersed spatial relationships which exist in commercially prepared stabilized peanut butter; and (2) degree of homogenization in the nonstabilized peanut butters …

Structure And Rheology Of Dairy Products: A Compilation Of References With Subject And Author Indexes, David N. Holcomb

Food Structure

No abstract provided.

Practical Methods For Identification Of Rice Endosperm Protein Bodies And Fecal Protein Particles In Light Microscopy, D. L. Barber, J. N. A. Lott, D. A. Harris

Food Structure

Indigestible 1-3 ~m protein 'cores', particles that originate from protein bodies of rice endosperm, were examined in bright-field and fluorescence microscopy, using a variety of histological and histochemical procedures. Our application of histological, histochemical and chemical approaches to a study of the feces of aoimals fed rice-containing diets has resulted in the development of methods for routine identification of insoluble rice fecal protein particles. For the specific identification of rice endosperm storage protein, whether protein bodies, cores or fecal protein particles, aqueous eosin Y stain in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy, and a combination of orange G + aniline blue in …

Distribution Of Amylose And Amylopectin In Potato Starch Pastes: Effects Of Heating And Shearing, K. Svegmark, A. M. Hermansson

Food Structure

The microstructure of potato starch pastes and gels in the concentration range 5-10% (w/w) was studied as a function of shear and heat treatment usi.ng light microscopy. Heating induced extensive swelling of potato starch granules, and the swollen granules filled the whole volume of the starch pastes that were subjected to a minimum of shear. The volume of the aqueous phase outside and in the center of the swollen granules is practically negligible compared to the volume occupied by the walls of the swollen granules. The granules with the lowest gelatinization temperatures swelled quickly without restrictions, so that less water …

Conventional And High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy Of Biological Sectioned Material, C. Scala, G. Cenacchi, P. Preda, M. Vici, R. P. Apkarian, Gianandrea Pasquinelli

Scanning Microscopy

Intracellular structures of embedded biological tissues (rat kidney, myocardium and small intestine) were observed by conventional-scanning electron microscopy (C-SEM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) after glass knife sectioning. C-SEM of semi -thin sections of material processed the same way as conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provided strong backscattered electron (BSE)-dependent, two-dimensional secondary electron images (SEI(-)) which precisely integrated and further extended previous light microscopy (LM) observation of the same specimen. In addition, the three-dimensional (3-D) arrangement of intracellular organelles was appreciated using a mixture of acetone-soluble acrylic resin in place of epoxy resin embedding. Since the identification of such …