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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Ultrasound As A Tool To Assess Body Fat, Dale R. Wagner
Ultrasound As A Tool To Assess Body Fat, Dale R. Wagner
Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications
Ultrasound has been used effectively to assess body fat for nearly 5 decades, yet this method is not known as well as many other body composition techniques. The purpose of this review is to explain the technical principles of the ultrasound method, explain the procedures for taking a measurement and interpreting the results, evaluate the reliability and validity of this method for measuring subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, highlight the advantages and limitations of ultrasound relative to other body composition methods, consider its utility to clinical populations, and introduce new body composition-specific ultrasound technology. The focus of this review is …
Older Adolescents’ Self-Determined Motivations To Disclose Their Hiv Status, Ann Gillard, Mark F. Roark
Older Adolescents’ Self-Determined Motivations To Disclose Their Hiv Status, Ann Gillard, Mark F. Roark
Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications
Disclosure of HIV status is an important topic for youth living with HIV/AIDS, yet theoretical frameworks for understanding HIV disclosure motivations have been poorly applied. Self-determination theory (SDT) proposes that people are at optimal functioning when they are engaging in activities that are interesting and enlivening. This study utilized SDT to understand young adults’ motivations to disclose their HIV status. Interviews and observations were conducted with nine youth aged 17–19 and two adult staff. Results indicate that SDT is useful for understanding types of motivation (i.e., amotivation, controlled, and autonomous motivation) to disclose. Amotivation was the most common type of …
Choosing Actions, David A. Rosenbaum, Kate M. Chapman, Chase J. Coelho, Lanyun Gong, Breanna E. Studenka
Choosing Actions, David A. Rosenbaum, Kate M. Chapman, Chase J. Coelho, Lanyun Gong, Breanna E. Studenka
Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications
Actions that are chosen have properties that distinguish them from actions that are not. Of the nearly infinite possible actions that can achieve any given task, many of the unchosen actions are irrelevant, incorrect, or inappropriate. Others are relevant, correct, or appropriate but are disfavored for other reasons. Our research focuses on the question of what distinguishes actions that are chosen from actions that are possible but are not. We review studies that use simple preference methods to identify factors that contribute to action choices, especially for object-manipulation tasks. We can determine which factors are especially important through simple behavioral …
Motor Interactions With Another Person: Do Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Plan Ahead?, David A. Gonzalez, Cheryl M. Glazebrook, Breanna E. Studenka, Jim Lyons
Motor Interactions With Another Person: Do Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder Plan Ahead?, David A. Gonzalez, Cheryl M. Glazebrook, Breanna E. Studenka, Jim Lyons
Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications
Interpersonal motor interactions (joint-actions) occur on a daily basis. In joint-action situations, typically developing (TD) individuals consider the end-goal of their partner and adjust their own movements to accommodate the other person. The movement planning processes required for joint-action may, however, be difficult for individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) given documented difficulties in performance on theory of mind (ToM) and motor tasks. The goal of this experiment was to determine if individuals with ASD exhibit end-state comfort behaviors similar to their TD peers in joint-action situations. Participants were asked to either pass, place, or use three common tools: …
A Comparison Of Absolute, Ratio And Allometric Scaling Methods For Normalizing Strength In Elite American Football Players, B. H. Jacobson, Brennan J. Thompson, E. C. Conchola, R. Glass
A Comparison Of Absolute, Ratio And Allometric Scaling Methods For Normalizing Strength In Elite American Football Players, B. H. Jacobson, Brennan J. Thompson, E. C. Conchola, R. Glass
Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications
Division I football players exemplify the greatest range in body mass of any modern team sport. Body mass may differ by over 80 kg between the various positions. Absolute muscular strength is typically greater in larger individuals, but such data does not allow for accurate comparisons. Therefore, in order to compare the performance indices of individual groups allometric rather than ratio scaling has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to compare absolute strength, normalized ratio and allometrically scaled data among players of different size.