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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Manipulating Developmental Stress Reveals Sex-Specific Effects Of Egg Size On Offspring Phenotype, O. P. Love, T. D. Williams
Manipulating Developmental Stress Reveals Sex-Specific Effects Of Egg Size On Offspring Phenotype, O. P. Love, T. D. Williams
Integrative Biology Publications
The general lack of experimental evidence for strong, positive effects of egg size on offspring phenotype has led to suggestions that avian egg size is a neutral trait. To better understand the functional significance of intra-specific variation in egg size as a determinant of offspring fitness within a life-history (sex-specific life-history strategies) and an environmental (poor rearing conditions) context, we experimentally increased developmental stress (via maternal feather-clipping) in the sexually size-dimorphic European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and measured phenotypic traits in offspring across multiple biological scales. As predicted by life-history theory, sons and daughters had different responses when faced with developmental …
Co2 Production In The Bromate-1,4-Cyclohexanedione Oscillatory Reaction, Jiamin Feng, James R. Green, Samuel A. Johnson, Jichang Wang
Co2 Production In The Bromate-1,4-Cyclohexanedione Oscillatory Reaction, Jiamin Feng, James R. Green, Samuel A. Johnson, Jichang Wang
Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications
NMR and GC/MS spectroscopy of the organic extracts of the oscillatory bromate-1,4-cyclohexanedione reaction illustrate the presence of ring-opening products 5-(dibromomethylene)-2(5H)-furanone, (E)-5,5,5-tribromo-4-oxo-2-pentenoic acid, and dibromoacetic acid, particularly at elevated temperatures. The loss of a carbon atom from the six-membered ring after ring opening led to gas formation and such a process became more vigorous at >60 °C, with the direct observation of bubbles in a stirred batch reactor. Gravimetric experiments confirm that the amount of carbon dioxide gas produced increases rapidly with reaction temperature. Parallel experiments suggest that the ring-opening process involves the oxidation of brominated benzoquinones by bromate. Copyright © …
Dehydrotropylium-Co2(Co)6 Ion. Generation, Reactivity And Evaluation Of Cation Stability, Sheida Amiralaei, James Gauld, James R. Green
Dehydrotropylium-Co2(Co)6 Ion. Generation, Reactivity And Evaluation Of Cation Stability, Sheida Amiralaei, James Gauld, James R. Green
Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications
The dehydrotropylium–Co2(CO)6 ion was generated by the action of HBF4 or BF3⋅OEt2 on the corresponding cycloheptadienynol complex, which in turn has been prepared in four steps from a known diacetoxycycloheptenyne complex. The reaction of the cycloheptadienynol complex via the dehydrotropylium–Co2(CO)6 ion with several nucleophiles results in substitution reactions with reactive nucleophiles (N>1) under normal conditions, and a radical dimerisation reaction in the presence of less reactive nucleophiles. Competitive reactions of the cycloheptadienynol complex with an acyclic trienynol complex show no preference for generation of the dehydrotropylium–Co2 …
Synthesis Of ‘Spacer’-Naproxen [2-(6-Methoxybiphenylen-2-Yl)Propanoic Acid] And -Isonaproxen [2-(7-Methoxybiphenylen-2-Yl)Propanoic Acid], Juan A. González Gómez, James R. Green, Peter C. Vollhardt
Synthesis Of ‘Spacer’-Naproxen [2-(6-Methoxybiphenylen-2-Yl)Propanoic Acid] And -Isonaproxen [2-(7-Methoxybiphenylen-2-Yl)Propanoic Acid], Juan A. González Gómez, James R. Green, Peter C. Vollhardt
Chemistry and Biochemistry Publications
The CpCo(CO)2-catalyzed cocyclization of 1,2-diethynyl- 4-methoxybenzene with alkynes can be applied to the synthesis of ‘spacer’-naproxen [2-(6-methoxybiphenylen-2-yl)propanoic acid] and its 7-methoxy isomer, ‘spacer’-isonaproxen. While unsymmetrical alkynes are incorporated without regioselectivity, the methoxy group in 6-methoxy-2,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)biphenylene directs electrophiles to C-3, thus allowing for regiochemical differentiation between the 2- and 3-positions.
Aberrant Methylation Of Polo-Like Kinase Cpg Islands In Plk4 Heterozygous Mice, Alejandra Ward, Alan Morettin, Shum, David Shum, David, John W. Hudson
Aberrant Methylation Of Polo-Like Kinase Cpg Islands In Plk4 Heterozygous Mice, Alejandra Ward, Alan Morettin, Shum, David Shum, David, John W. Hudson
Biological Sciences Publications
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common cancers world-wide occurs twice as often in men compared to women. Predisposing conditions such as alcoholism, chronic viral hepatitis, aflatoxin B1 ingestion, and cirrhosis all contribute to the development of HCC.
Anthropogenic Noise Affects Song Structure In Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceus), Dalal Hanna, Gabriel Blouin-Demers, David R. Wilson, Daniel J. Mennill
Anthropogenic Noise Affects Song Structure In Red-Winged Blackbirds (Agelaius Phoeniceus), Dalal Hanna, Gabriel Blouin-Demers, David R. Wilson, Daniel J. Mennill
Biological Sciences Publications
Anthropogenic noise can mask animal signals that are crucial for communicating information about food, predators and mating opportunities. In response to noise masking, signallers can potentially improve acoustic signal transmission by adjusting the timing, frequency or amplitude of their signals. These changes can be a short-term modification in response to transient noise or a long-term modification in response to chronic noise. An animal's ability to adapt to anthropogenic noise can be crucial to its success. In this study, we evaluated the effects of anthropogenic noise on the structure of red-winged blackbird song. First, we manipulated the presence of anthropogenic noise …
Communal Or Competitive? Stable Isotope Analysis Provides Evidence Of Resource Partitioning Within A Communal Shark Nursery, M. J. Kinney, N. E. Hussey, A. T. Fisk, A. J. Tobin, C. A. Simpfendorfer
Communal Or Competitive? Stable Isotope Analysis Provides Evidence Of Resource Partitioning Within A Communal Shark Nursery, M. J. Kinney, N. E. Hussey, A. T. Fisk, A. J. Tobin, C. A. Simpfendorfer
Biological Sciences Publications
No abstract provided.
Human Activity Helps Prey Win The Predator-Prey Space Race, Tyler B. Muhly, Christina A. D. Semeniuk, Alessandro Massolo, Laura Hickman, Marco Musiani
Human Activity Helps Prey Win The Predator-Prey Space Race, Tyler B. Muhly, Christina A. D. Semeniuk, Alessandro Massolo, Laura Hickman, Marco Musiani
Biological Sciences Publications
Predator-prey interactions, including between large mammalian wildlife species, can be represented as a “space race”, where prey try to minimize and predators maximize spatial overlap. Human activity can also influence the distribution of wildlife species. In particular, high-human disturbance can displace large carnivore predators, a trait-mediated direct effect. Predator displacement by humans could then indirectly benefit prey species by reducing predation risk, a trait-mediated indirect effect of humans that spatially decouples predators from prey. The purpose of this research was to test the hypothesis that high-human activity was displacing predators and thus indirectly creating spatial refuge for prey species, helping …
Further Analysis Supports The Conclusion That The Songs Of Screaming Pihas Are Individually Distinctive And Bear A Lek Signature, Lauren P. Fitzsimmons, Nicole K. Barker, Daniel J. Mennill
Further Analysis Supports The Conclusion That The Songs Of Screaming Pihas Are Individually Distinctive And Bear A Lek Signature, Lauren P. Fitzsimmons, Nicole K. Barker, Daniel J. Mennill
Biological Sciences Publications
No abstract provided.
Oceanic Sharks Clean At Coastal Seamount, S. P. Oliver, N. E. Hussey, Turner, J.R. Turner, J.R., A. J. Beckett
Oceanic Sharks Clean At Coastal Seamount, S. P. Oliver, N. E. Hussey, Turner, J.R. Turner, J.R., A. J. Beckett
Biological Sciences Publications
No abstract provided.
Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) And Water Lettuce (Pistia Stratiotes) In The Great Lakes: Playing With Fire?, A. A. Adebayo, Briski, E. Briski, E., O. Kalaci, M. Hernandez, S. Ghabooli, B. Beric, F. T. Chan, A. Zhan, E. Fifield, T. Leadley, Hugh J. Macisaac
Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) And Water Lettuce (Pistia Stratiotes) In The Great Lakes: Playing With Fire?, A. A. Adebayo, Briski, E. Briski, E., O. Kalaci, M. Hernandez, S. Ghabooli, B. Beric, F. T. Chan, A. Zhan, E. Fifield, T. Leadley, Hugh J. Macisaac
Biological Sciences Publications
The Laurentian Great Lakes have been successfully invaded by at least 182 nonindigenous species. Here we report on two new species, water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes and water lettuce Pistia stratiotes, that were found at a number of locations in Lake St. Clair and Detroit River during autumn 2010. Both species are commonly sold in the water garden and aquarium trade in southern Ontario and elsewhere. While it is not clear whether these species are established or can establish in the Great Lakes, the historic assumption that neither of these subtropical to tropical plants pose an invasion risk must be questioned …
Cathepsin B: A Potential Prognostic Marker For Inflammatory Breast Cancer., Nouh A. Mohamed, Mona M. Mohamed, Mohamed El-Shinawi, Mohamed A. Shaalan, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Hussein M. Khaled, Bonnie F. Sloane
Cathepsin B: A Potential Prognostic Marker For Inflammatory Breast Cancer., Nouh A. Mohamed, Mona M. Mohamed, Mohamed El-Shinawi, Mohamed A. Shaalan, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Hussein M. Khaled, Bonnie F. Sloane
Biological Sciences Publications
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer. In non-IBC, the cysteine protease cathepsin B (CTSB) is known to be involved in cancer progression and invasion; however, very little is known about its role in IBC. In this study, we enrolled 23 IBC and 27 non-IBC patients. All patient tissues used for analysis were from untreated patients. Using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, we assessed the levels of expression of CTSB in IBC versus non-IBC patient tissues. Previously, we found that CTSB is localized to caveolar membrane microdomains in cancer cell lines including IBC, and therefore, we also …
Inhibition Of Cathepsin B Activity Attenuates Extracellular Matrix Degradation And Inflammatory Breast Cancer Invasion., Bernadette C. Victor, Arulselvi Anbalagan, Mona M. Mohamed, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Bonnie F. Sloane
Inhibition Of Cathepsin B Activity Attenuates Extracellular Matrix Degradation And Inflammatory Breast Cancer Invasion., Bernadette C. Victor, Arulselvi Anbalagan, Mona M. Mohamed, Dora Cavallo-Medved, Bonnie F. Sloane
Biological Sciences Publications
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive, metastatic and highly angiogenic form of locally advanced breast cancer with a relatively poor three-year survival rate. Breast cancer invasion has been linked to proteolytic activity at the tumor cell surface. Here we explored a role for active cathepsin B on the cell surface in the invasiveness of IBC. We examined expression of the cysteine protease cathepsin B and the serine protease urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor uPAR and caveolin-1 in two IBC cell lines: SUM149 and SUM190. We utilized a live cell proteolysis assay to localize in real time the degradation …
Juvenile Habitat Partitioning And Relative Productivity In Allochronically Isolated Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka), E. K. Fillatre Miller, I. R. Bradbury, Daniel D. Heath
Juvenile Habitat Partitioning And Relative Productivity In Allochronically Isolated Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka), E. K. Fillatre Miller, I. R. Bradbury, Daniel D. Heath
Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications
Allochronic divergence, like spatial isolation, may contribute to population diversity and adaptation, however the challenges for tracking habitat utilization in shared environments are far greater. Adult Klukshu River (Yukon, Canada) sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, return as genetically distinct "early" and "late" runs. Early and late adult spawning populations (1999 and 2000) and their subsequent fry (sampled at 7 sites in 2000 and at 8 sites in 2001 throughout Klukshu Lake and River) were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. Bayesian assignment was used to determine the spatial distribution of early versus late fry; although intermixed, the distribution of fry significantly differed …
Older Athletes' Perceived Benefits Of Competition, Rylee A. Dionigi, Joseph Baker, Sean Horton
Older Athletes' Perceived Benefits Of Competition, Rylee A. Dionigi, Joseph Baker, Sean Horton
Human Kinetics Publications
Intense sport competition is typically associated with young people. Also, much of the literature on exercise for older adults focuses on benefits derived from regular physical activity, such as walking, dancing and fitness classes, and suggests that one should avoid extremely strenuous exercise. The rising phenomenon of older people competing in sport presents a challenge to these assumptions. In 2009, approximately 28,000 athletes from 95 countries gathered in Sydney, Australia to compete across 28 different sports at the World Masters Games. We interviewed 44 competitors (23 females, 21 males; aged 56-90 years; M=72) about what they gained from competing in …
Relative Age Effects: Implications For Leadership Development, Jess Dixon, Sean Horton, Patricia Weir
Relative Age Effects: Implications For Leadership Development, Jess Dixon, Sean Horton, Patricia Weir
Human Kinetics Publications
Relative age effects (RAEs) have been widely studied in the contexts of education and sport over the past 25 years. The RAE phenomenon is concerned with identifying age (dis)advantages relative to other children within a pre-defined age group. While intended to promote equality and fairness through the maintenance of general developmental similarities (e.g., cognitive, physiological), age-based grouping policies common to most educational and sport development systems have had the unintended consequence of advantaging “relatively” older children, while disadvantaging those who are “relatively” younger within the same cohort. Differences in developmental outcomes as a result of relative age have been shown …
Economic Impact Analysis Versus Cost Benefit Analysis: The Case Of A Medium-Sized Sport Event, Marijke Taks, Stefan Kesenne, Laurence Chalip, Christine B. Green
Economic Impact Analysis Versus Cost Benefit Analysis: The Case Of A Medium-Sized Sport Event, Marijke Taks, Stefan Kesenne, Laurence Chalip, Christine B. Green
Human Kinetics Publications
This paper empirically illustrates the difference between a standard economic impact analysis (EIA) and a cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The EIA was conducted using an existing (input-output) I-O model (STEAM). The benefit side of the CBA included non-local visitor spending, the revenue of the local organizing committee (LOC), the consumer surplus, and public good value of the sport event for the local residents. The cost side of the CBA was estimated based on the opportunity costs related to the construction of the stadium (including labor costs and the cost of borrowing), imports, and ticket sales to locals. The EIA indicated that …
Participants' Experiences In Two Types Of Sporting Events: A Quest For Evidence Of The Sl-Cl Continuum, Inge Derom, Marijke Taks
Participants' Experiences In Two Types Of Sporting Events: A Quest For Evidence Of The Sl-Cl Continuum, Inge Derom, Marijke Taks
Human Kinetics Publications
The dichotomy of serious leisure (SL) and casual leisure (CL) has significant limitations, leaving some leisure experiences unexplained. The SL-CL continuum proposed by Shen and Yarnal (2010) aims at filling this gap by providing a description based on behavioral commitment. We present evidence supporting the SL-CL continuum obtained by comparing participants in two different types of sporting events: an international/major and a national/minor event. Quantitative data on leisure motives and identity, corresponding to four SL and two CL characteristics, were collected from self-administered questionnaires. Both samples reported moderate to high intensities across the characteristics. However, international/major participants were more serious …
Expenditures On Sport Apparel: Creating Consumer Profiles Through Interval Regression Modelling, Jeroen Scheerder, Steven Vos, Marijke Taks
Expenditures On Sport Apparel: Creating Consumer Profiles Through Interval Regression Modelling, Jeroen Scheerder, Steven Vos, Marijke Taks
Human Kinetics Publications
Using a heterodox theoretical approach, this article presents sport consumer profiles based on socio-demographic and sport-related lifestyle characteristics. Sport apparel is operationalized as a categorical, hierarchical variable. Given the censored nature of the dependent variable, a two step Heckman-type approach with an interval regression model was used. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of adults in Flanders, Belgium (N=1355). The results indicate that the decision to spend money on sport clothing and shoes is mainly determined by sport-related lifestyle characteristics, confirming the emerging importance of lifestyle in understanding the decision to consume material goods. However, the variability in the …
Economic Impact Analysis Versus Cost Benefit Analysis: The Case Of A Medium-Sized Sport Event, Marijke Taks, Stefan Kesenne, Laurence Chalip, B. Christine Green
Economic Impact Analysis Versus Cost Benefit Analysis: The Case Of A Medium-Sized Sport Event, Marijke Taks, Stefan Kesenne, Laurence Chalip, B. Christine Green
Human Kinetics Publications
This paper empirically illustrates the difference between a standard economic impact analysis (EIA) and a cost-benefit analysis (CBA). The EIA was conducted using an existing (input-output) I-O model (STEAM). The benefit side of the CBA included non-local visitor spending, the revenue of the local organizing committee (LOC), the consumer surplus, and public good value of the sport event for the local residents. The cost side of the CBA was estimated based on the opportunity costs related to the construction of the stadium (including labor costs and the cost of borrowing), imports, and ticket sales to locals. The EIA indicated that …