Life Sciences Commons^™

Epigenetic History Of An Arabidopsis Trans-Silencer Locus And A Test For Relay Of Trans-Silencing Activity, Huaxia Qin, Albrecht G. Von Arnim

Plant Sciences Publications and Other Works

Background

Meiotically heritable epimutations affecting transgene expression are not well understood, even and in particular in the plant model species, Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis trans-silencer locus, C73, which encodes a fusion protein between the repressor of photomorphogenesis, COP1, and green fluorescent protein (GFP-COP1), heritably modifies the expression pattern and cop1-like cosuppression phenotypes of multiple GFP-COP1 target loci by transcriptional gene silencing.

Results

Here we describe three additional features of trans-silencing by the C73 locus. First, the silencing phenotype of C73 and of similar complex loci was acquired epigenetically over the course of no more than two plant …

Sp341-H-Boxelder Bugs And Red-Shouldered Bugs, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Home Garden, Lawn, and Landscape

Boxelder bugs, Boisea trivittata (Say), are a nuisance, especially during the cool autumn months when they cluster in large numbers on the sides of trees, houses and other structures. This pest enters buildings through cracks and openings and spends the winter hibernating behind exterior siding and in attics, soffits, wall voids, window/door casings and similar protected areas. Boxelder bugs may also take refuge in soil and leaf litter next to foundations. With the onset of warmer weather in late winter and spring, these bugs become active and emerge from their overwintering sites. As they attempt to escape to their natural …

Sp307-J-Landscaping With Fruit, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Home Garden, Lawn, and Landscape

Fruit and nut crops may be valuable additions to the landscape if proper attention is paid to crop selection, site preparation and cultural practices following planting. By adequately addressing these points, an edible landscape may become a reality. The following guidelines will assist you in determining which fruit and nut crops to use and where to plant them to meet your landscape objectives.

Cutting Edge: Persistent Viral Infection Prevents Tolerance Induction And Escapes Immune Control Following Cd28/Cd40 Blockade-Based Regimen, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. M. Durham, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

A continuing concern with CD28 and/or CD40 blockade-based strategies to induce tolerance and mixed chimerism is their potential to disrupt protective immunity to preexisting infections. In this report, we find that preexisting persistent infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 prevents the induction of tolerance, mixed chimerism, and donor-reactive T cell deletion. Mice continue to be refractory to tolerance induction even after viremia has been resolved and virus is present only at very low levels in peripheral tissues. Conversely, we find that the full tolerance regimen, or costimulation blockade alone, specifically inhibits already ongoing antiviral immune responses, leading to …

Pb1721 Irrigation Cost Analysis Handbook, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension

Field & Commercial Crops

Irrigation is a risk management tool. The risk of yield reduction due to drought is minimized with irrigation, because moisture can be added to the soil to match the water requirements of the crop. Irrigation is also a major capital investment. The yield produced under irrigation must be sufÞ cient to produce a positive return on the investment.

This handbook is intended to assist users in determining the economics of investing in irrigation at their location. All irrigation systems are unique. Many factors are used to estimate the cost of irrigation, and each of these factors will vary with location. …

Short Communication: Relationship Between Body Growth And Mammary Development In Dairy Heifers, L F. Silva, M J. Vandehaar, Brian K. Whitlock, R P. Radcliff, H A. Tucker

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

Our objective was to determine if prepubertal rate of body weight (BW) gain, independent of diet, was related to mammary development of dairy heifers. Data from two studies recently conducted at Michigan State University were used to identify factors, within a dietary treatment group, that would account for variation in first lactation milk production or amount of mammary parenchymal DNA at the time of puberty. Factors analyzed for variation in milk production during first lactation were: postpartum BW, prepubertal BW gain, gestational BW gain, postpartum BW gain, body condition score (BCS) at breeding, and BCS at calving. Factors analyzed for …

Fine Mapping In Tomato Using Microsynteny With The Arabidopsis Genome: The Diageotropica (Dgt) Locus, Kwangchul Oh, Kristine Hardeman, Maria G. Ivanchenko, Mary Ellard-Ivey, Andreas Nebenfüh, Tj White, Terri L. Lomax

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- General Biology

Background

The Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequence provides a catalog of reference genes applicable to comparative microsynteny analysis of other species, facilitating map-based cloning in economically important crops. We have applied such an analysis to the tomato expressed sequence tag (EST) database to expedite high-resolution mapping of the Diageotropica (Dgt) gene within the distal end of chromosome 1 in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).

Results

A BLAST search of the Arabidopsis database with nucleotide sequences of markers that flank the tomato dgt locus revealed regions of microsynteny between the distal end of chromosome 1 in tomato, two regions of …

Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of A Novel Mouse Macrophage C-Type Lectin, Mmgl2, Which Has A Distinct Carbohydrate Specificity From Mmgl1, Thandi M. Onami, M. Tsuiji, M. Fujimori, Y. Ohashi, N. Higashi, S. M. Hendrick, T. Irimura

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

A novel mouse macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin 2 (mMGL2) was identified by BLAST analysis of expressed sequence tags. The sequence of mMGL2 is highly homologous to the mMGL, which should now be called mMGL1. The open reading frame of mMGL2 contains a sequence corresponding to a type II transmembrane protein with 332 amino acids having a single extracellular C-type lectin domain. The 3'-untranslated region included long terminal repeats of mouse early transposon. The Mgl2 gene was cloned from a 129/SvJ mouse genomic library and sequenced. The gene spans 7,136 base pairs and consists of 10 exons, which is similar to …

Sp597 Flooding Harvested Crop Fields In Winter: Effects On Crop Production And Opportunities For Waterfowl Management, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Field & Commercial Crops

Flooding crop fields in winter to attract waterfowl and other wildlife is a management tool that has been used for several years. Ducks and geese are attracted to waste grain and weed seeds, while shorebirds, wading birds and mammals visit flooded fields in search of fish and/or invertebrates. Landowners are interested in this management practice because flooding fields in winter provides a place to hunt (or lease) and is visually pleasing with a variety of wildlife species using the property. In addition, there is evidence that flooding crop fields is actually cost-effective for the producer by providing increased weed control …

Pb1191-The Brown Recluse Spider, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

Few things cause as much fear and anxiety in people as the thought of poisonous spiders. Araneophobia, irrational fear of spiders, is widespread in the United States. The brown recluse spider is one of the feared poisonous spiders occurring in Tennessee. This spider is often visualized as an aggressive, bad-tempered monster, just waiting for an opportunity to ambush people. In reality, the brown recluse spider is a shy, retiring spider that does not attack people and usually only bites in response to being injured. Most reported bites occur when putting on old clothing in which the spider is hiding or …

Pb946-The Japanese Beetle And Its Control, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, has been in the United States since 1916 and in Tennessee since 1936. Adult beetles severely damage some ornamental plants, shrubs, garden plants and field crops (Figure 1). The immature stages feed on roots of grasses and other plants. Approximately 80 Tennessee counties are infested with established populations (Figure 2), although there is no geographical or climatic barrier that will prevent the spread of the beetle into all 95 Tennessee counties.

Pb1193-The Black Widow Spider, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

Araneophobia, or an irrational fear of spiders, is common among people in the United States. Few other spiders are as apt to make people uncomfortable as is the black widow. Black widow spiders are very numerous in nearly all parts of the U.S., but cases of reported bites are rare. For the most part, black widows live peacefully in close proximity to humans with little contact. Although both male and female black widow spiders are highly venomous, according to our knowledge, no reports of bites from the males have been recorded.

Pb1303-Managing Pests Around The Home, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

Most household pests are insects and are commonly called “bugs.” Other organisms such as spiders, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, ticks, sowbugs, pillbugs, mites, rats, mice, snakes, bats, squirrels, birds, molds and fungi may enter homes. In Tennessee, one or more of about 40 common pests are found in every home at one time or another. Even the most conscientious person cannot always avoid an occasional pest infestation.

Sp503-C-Lady Beetles Infesting Homes, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

In Tennessee, the invasion often starts around the third week in October. Multicolored Asian lady beetles, orange-red with a variable number of spots, often invade homes in the search of a protected overwintering spot. These beetles may congregate on the sunny sides of buildings by the thousands and, if given the opportunity, will often move inside. In Japan, they seek protected sites such as cracks and crevices in rocks on mountains. In the U.S., they use buildings as overwintering sites. This can be a particular problem in log homes because of their many cracks and crevices.

Sp277-R-Fire Blight, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

Fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a serious disease of apple and pear. This disease occasionally damages cotoneaster, crabapple, hawthorne, mountain ash, ornamental pear, firethorn, plum quince and spiraea.

Generation Of Mice Deficient For Macrophage Galactose- And N-Acetylgalactosamine-Specific Lectin: Limited Role In Lymphoid And Erythroid Homeostasis And Evidence For Multiple Lectins, Thandi M. Onami, M. Y. Lin, D. M. Page, S. A. Reynolds, C. D. Katayama, J. D. Marth, T. Irimura, A. Varki, N. Varki, S. M. Hedrick

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

Macrophage receptors function in pattern recognition for the induction of innate immunity, in cellular communication to mediate the regulation of adaptive immune responses, and in the clearance of some glycosylated cells or glycoproteins from the circulation. They also function in homeostasis by initiating the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Evidence has suggested that macrophage receptors function to recognize cells that are destined for programmed cell death but not yet overtly apoptotic. We have examined the function of a macrophage receptor specific for unsialylated glycoproteins, known as the mouse macrophage galactose- and N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin (mMGL) (Ii et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265:11295-11298, …

Pb1629-Managing Structure-Invading Ants, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

As a group, ants are the most difficult household pests to control. In a recent survey, pest control technicians indicated they had more call-backs due to ants than any other insect. Too often our first response to a pest problem is to reach for a can of pesticide. When managing ants, this can lead to disaster. In some cases, such as with Pharaoh ants, spraying ant trails only makes the problem worse. So, learn to identify pest ants, understand their biology and management options and you will be more successful combating them.

Dynamic Regulation Of T Cell Immunity By Cd43, Thandi M. Onami, L. E. Harrington, M. A. Williams, M. Galvan, C. P. Larsen, T. C. Pearson, N. Manjunath, L. G. Baum, B. D. Pearce, R. Ahmed

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

During a viral response, Ag-specific effector T cells show dramatically increased binding by the mAb 1B11 and the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA). We investigated the contribution of CD43 expression to 1B11 and PNA binding as well as its role in generation and maintenance of a CD8 T cell response. Analysis of CD43(-/-) mice revealed no increased 1B11 binding and reduced PNA binding on virus-specific CD8 T cells from -/- mice compared with +/+ mice. Furthermore, we examined the role of CD43 in the kinetics of an immune response. We show that CD43 expression modestly effects generation of a primary virus-specific …

Effect Of Dietary Protein On Prepubertal Mammary Development In Rapidly Growing Dairy Heifers, Brian K. Whitlock, M J. Vandehaar, L F. Silva, H A. Tucker

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

The objective was to determine whether increased dietary protein would enhance mammary development in prepubertal heifers fed for rapid body growth (1.2 kg/d). Fifty-four Holstein heifers (weighing approximately 134 kg) were assigned to one of three treatments. Heifers were fed a total mixed ration with metabolizable energy at 2.85 Mcal/kg and metabolizable protein at low, standard, or high concentrations (37, 41, or 44 g/Mcal of metabolizable energy, respectively) from 3.5 mo of age until slaughter at approximately 46 d after puberty. Heifers fed low, standard, and high protein gained 1130, 1170, and 1180 g/d, respectively. Dietary protein did not affect …

Sp341-Z Mexican Bean Beetle, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Field & Commercial Crops

The Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, is the most injurious insect pest of beans. The adults are 1/4 to 1/3 inch long, slightly oval and yellowish with 16 black spots on their wing covers (elytra). The adults look like large ladybird beetles and are classified in the ladybird beetle family, Coccinellidae. While the Mexican bean beetle and the closely related squash beetle feed on plants, other ladybird beetle species prey on insects and mites.

Sp370-K-Identifying Problems Of Garden Flowers, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Home Garden, Lawn, and Landscape

There are many causes of garden flower and perennial landscape plant problems, and a number of these problems can appear to have the same symptoms on the plant.

To identify the cause of the plant’s problem, it is usually necessary to look at the plant closely; examine the flowers, leaves, stem and (sometimes) the roots; and do some detective work to determine possible causes. Often the process of elimination of the possible causes will lead to the identification of the problem. Once the cause is correctly identified, corrective measures can be taken to eliminate or reduce the problem.

Sp598-Using Single-Strand Fencing To Manage Deer Damage, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

White-tailed deer are the number one source of crop depredation in Tennessee. Once in peril of extermination, the white-tailed deer population in Tennessee now approaches one million. The number one field crop for depredation is soybeans; however, other crops, gardens, tree plantings and ornamentals shrubs and flowers are damaged also.

Deer damage soybeans by browsing, trampling and bedding, and indirectly by increasing weed competition. Deer feed on soybeans from the seedling stage through harvest. Browsing of seedlings is most destructive, as one bite can kill a plant if the cotyledons (the first pair of leaves on a soybean seedling) are …

Pb1463 Tree Crops For Marginal Farmland - Christmas Trees, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

Growing Christmas trees can be a profitable use for marginally productive farmland. Though more labor-intensive than other tree crops, a Christmas tree crop can return a profit in as little as five to seven years. In addition, Christmas tree production requires little up-front capital investment. Most production operations require only hand tools or common farm machinery.

Most industry experts predict that Christmas tree markets will remain stable. However, there is a surplus of Christmas trees in many regions of the United States. To be competitive, growers must efficiently produce high-quality trees of the species that consumers demand.

Artificial Christmas trees …

Pb1692 Wood Identification For Hardwood And Softwood Species Native To Tennessee, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

This publication provides information on how to identify wood of several species common to Tennessee by using a hand-magnifying lens. Included in this publication are a wood identification key for some common Tennessee species, a list of key specie characteristics and a list of companies that sell wood identification sample sets.

Tennessee has a rich variety of tree species, and the wood produced from each of these has unique structure, physical and mechanical properties. The differences in wood structure and properties allow for the manufacture of wood-based products with many different appearances and uses. Since wood is a popular and …

Variability Of Placental Expression Of Cyclin E Low Molecular Weight Variants, A Bukovsky, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Mr Caudle, J Wimalasena, Js Foster, Ja Keenan, Rf Elder

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology

No abstract provided.

Sp595 Timber Theft! How To Avoid It And What To Do If It Happens, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

Timber theft, or timber trespass, is common throughout the Southeast. Each year numerous private forest landowners discover their timber has been stolen or inadvertently harvested.

Timber theft carries a civil penalty in Tennessee and often results in a complete financial loss to the owner. The value of stolen timber can be written off against income tax as an involuntary conversion. The deductible loss, however, is limited to the tax basis of the timber. If caught, the trespasser can be required to pay damages double or triple the current market value of the timber, according to whether the timber was negligently …

Sp594-Small Hive Beetle - A New Pest Of Honey Bees, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

The small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray, a new pest of honey bees, was discovered damaging honey bee colonies in Florida in spring of 1998. It is native to South Africa. When and how it arrived in North America are unknown; however, the earliest known collection was made in 1996 in Charleston, SC. By 1999 it was established in Florida, Georgia and North and South Carolina. In 2000, it was discovered in Alabama, Ohio, Maine, Michigan, South Dakota and Mississippi. In Tennessee, the beetle was found in Polk County in 2000 and in Hamilton, Sequatchie and Dyer counties in 2001. …

Sp409-A-Tracheal Mites In Tennessee - Parasites Of The Honey Bee, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

Tracheal mites (Acarapis woodi) have spread throughout Tennessee since their introduction in 1987. In the past decade, this parasite is believed responsible for 20 to 50 percent of losses of bee colonies statewide, with local losses reaching 100 percent. The mite has become a severe problem, in part due to the difficulty in detecting the minute parasite and to the ease with which contaminated bees can spread the mites. The mites are spread among the colonies by drifting bees, or by any activities of beekeepers involved in moving adult bees. Honey bees contaminated with mites can be found …

Sp596-Using Terramycin For The Prevention Of American Foulbrood, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Insects, Pests, Plant Diseases and Weeds

There are three formulations of terramycin (TM) registered for use on honey bees for prevention of American Foulbrood (AFB), a bacterial disease that can kill the colony. None of these formulations may be used when honey is being produced for human consumption. TM25 is a water soluble mixture that comes in a 6.4 oz. package and contains 25 grams of active ingredient (a.i.), oxytetracycline HCL, per pound. There are 10 grams (10,000 mg.) of a. i. in each 6.4 oz package. TM50D is not water soluble, comes in a 50 lb. bag. and contains 50 grams (50,000 mg.) of a. …

Adaptive Functions Of The Corpus Striatum: The Past And Future Of The R-Complex, Neil Greenberg

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

The basal ganglia is emerging from the shadow cast by the most conspicuous clinical expression of its dysfunction: motor disorders.What is revealed is the nexus of a widely distributed system which functions in integrating action with cognition, motivation, and affect. Prominent among non-motor functions are striatal involvement in building up of sequences of behavior into meaningful, goal-directed patterns and repertoires and the selection of appropriate learned or innate sequences in concert with their possible predictive control. Further, striatum seems involved in declarative and strategic memory (involving intentional recollection and the management of retrieved memories, respectively). Findings from reptile experiments indicate …