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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Composting Or Stockpiling Of Feedlot Manure In Nebraska: Nutrient Concentration And Mass Balance, Matt K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, Matthew A. Greenquist, J. R. Benton
Composting Or Stockpiling Of Feedlot Manure In Nebraska: Nutrient Concentration And Mass Balance, Matt K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, Matthew A. Greenquist, J. R. Benton
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
When feedlot pens are scraped in the spring and summer, manure is often stored before land application can occur in the fall. Manure stockpiled or composted was evaluated for nutrient losses in 2 experiments for 104 (Exp. 1) and 111 d (Exp. 2). Stockpiles (n = 2 in Exp. 1 and n = 3 in Exp. 2) and compost windrows (n = 6 in Exp. 1 and n = 4 in Exp. 2) were constructed with feedlot manure scraped from pens and sampled upon construction and throughout the storage period. In Exp. 1, N loss was 3 times greater (P < 0.01) for compost compared with stockpile on d 104 (43.6 and 14.3%, respectively). Loss of C was 34.7% greater (P < 0.01) for compost compared with stockpile on d 104 (54.4 and 40.4%, respectively). Total mass loss (water + DM) was not different (P = 0.30) among storage methods on d 104 (20.0 and 15.8% for compost and stockpile, respectively). In Exp. 2, N loss from compost was 42.1% greater (P < 0.01) compared with stockpiling on d 111. Carbon losses in Exp. 2 were not different (P = 0.77) among storage methods on d 111 (38.4 and 37.5% for compost and stockpile, respectively). Total mass loss in Exp. 2 was less compared with Exp. 1 and was not different (P = 0.23) among storage methods (5.7 and 3.6% for compost and stockpile, respectively). When evaluated on a nutrient basis, stockpiled manure had greater N and C concentrations compared with composted manure.
Utilization Of Nitrogen In Cows Consuming Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles In Alfalfa And Corn Silage-Based Dairy Rations, A. M. Gehman, Paul J. Kononoff
Utilization Of Nitrogen In Cows Consuming Wet Distillers Grains With Solubles In Alfalfa And Corn Silage-Based Dairy Rations, A. M. Gehman, Paul J. Kononoff
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of forage type on nutrient digestibility, purine derivative excretion, nitrogen utilization, and milk production in dairy cattle consuming rations containing high levels of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS). Primiparous (n = 8) and multiparous (n = 20) Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. Animals were fed 1 of 4 treatments during each 21-d period: 1) CONT-CS, 0% WDGS and high corn silage; 2) CONT-AS, 0% WDGS and high alfalfa silage; 3) WDGS-CS, 25% WDGS and high corn silage; and 4) WDGS-AS, 25% WDGS …
Nutritional And Management Methods To Decrease Nitrogen Losses From Beef Feedlots, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein
Nutritional And Management Methods To Decrease Nitrogen Losses From Beef Feedlots, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Nitrogen losses from open beef feedlots are a concern. Methods that decrease volatilization losses will lead to greater manure N, which is likely to be beneficial in open lot beef operations. Twelve or more pens were dedicated to N research whereby N intake, retention, and excretion were quantified and a mass balance conducted using manure, runoff, soil balance, and loss quantities. The objective was to decrease N volatilization losses or increase manure N or both. Dietary CP affects N excretion and N volatilization losses. Four experiments across 2 yr compared industry average CP (13%) to diets that were phase-fed to …
Evaluation Of Nitrogen Utilization And The Effects Of Monensin In Dairy Cows Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage, A. M. Gehman, Paul J. Kononoff, C. R. Mullins, B. N. Janicek
Evaluation Of Nitrogen Utilization And The Effects Of Monensin In Dairy Cows Fed Brown Midrib Corn Silage, A. M. Gehman, Paul J. Kononoff, C. R. Mullins, B. N. Janicek
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Twenty midlactation Holstein cows (4 ruminally fistulated) averaging 101 ± 34 d in milk and weighing 674 ± 77 kg were used to compare rations with brown midrib corn silage (bm3) to rations with dual-purpose control silage (DP) on N utilization and milk production. The effect of monensin in these rations was also examined. Animals were assigned to one of five 4 × 4 Latin squares with treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial. Cows were fed 1 of 4 treatments during each of the four 28- d periods. Treatments were 1) 0 mg/d monensin and bm3 …
Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay Levels In Dry-Rolled Corn Finishing Diets: Effects On Finishing Performance And Feedlot Nitrogen Mass Balance, T. B. Farran, Galen E. Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, R. Lindquist
Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay Levels In Dry-Rolled Corn Finishing Diets: Effects On Finishing Performance And Feedlot Nitrogen Mass Balance, T. B. Farran, Galen E. Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, C. N. Macken, R. Lindquist
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
One-hundred ninety-two crossbred steers (initial BW= 351 ± 11 kg) were used to determine the effects of removing alfalfa hay (AH) from dry-rolled corn-based diets containing wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) on animal performance and nutrient (N and OM) mass balance in open feedlot pens. Steers were stratified by weight and assigned randomly to 24 pens (2 × 3 factorial) and fed for 132 d from June to October 2002. Experimental diets contained either 0 or 35% WCGF and 0, 3.75, or 7.5% AH, and were formulated to be isonitrogenous. For efficiency of gain, an interaction occurred (P = 0.09) …
Effects Of Manipulating Protein And Phosphorus Nutrition Of Feedlot Cattle On Nutrient Management And The Environment, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson
Effects Of Manipulating Protein And Phosphorus Nutrition Of Feedlot Cattle On Nutrient Management And The Environment, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Feedlot nutrition will play a role in meeting challenges such as nutrient management. Nitrogen and phosphorus are two nutrients that are currently studied in this context. One nutritional method is formulating diets not to exceed requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus. Requirements are different for calves and yearlings. The requirements also change during the finishing period. Phosphorus requirements have not been extensively studied for feedlot cattle between 270 and 600 kg. Therefore, P requirements studies were conducted to determine the P requirement of calves (265 kg) and yearlings (385 kg). The requirement was not detected with P levels as low as …
The Role Of Nutrition In Reducing Nutrient Output From Ruminants, L. D. Satter, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson
The Role Of Nutrition In Reducing Nutrient Output From Ruminants, L. D. Satter, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Much of the effort expended on nutrient management has focused on the post-excretion product. It is important to keep in mind that management of the diet can have important impacts on quantitative and qualitative aspects of the excreted nutrients. Surveys of nutritionists and extension specialists show that dairy producers are advised to feed 0.45 to 0.50% phosphorus (P) (DM basis) in their lactating cow diets. This is 20% in excess of NRC (2001) requirements. Feeding to requirement would reduce P excretion by 25 to 30% and would reduce solubility and potential for runoff of the P that is applied to …
Comparison Of Conventional And Two-Stage Reversible Flow, Static-Bed Biodenitrification Reactors, Bryan L. Woodbury, Mohamed F. Dahab
Comparison Of Conventional And Two-Stage Reversible Flow, Static-Bed Biodenitrification Reactors, Bryan L. Woodbury, Mohamed F. Dahab
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
This paper compares the operation of a traditional single-stage system with a two-stage, reversible flow biodenitrification system for removing nitrates from drinking water. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of these two-stage systems to remove nitrate and residual organics from treated water as compared to single-stage units. In the reversible flow system, the second-stage (i.e. follow) reactor is operated in series with the first-stage (i.e. lead) reactor. After a given period of operation, the flow regime is reversed so that the follow reactor becomes the lead one and vice versa. The active solids remaining in the …
Managing N Inputs And The Effect On N Losses Following Excretion In Open-Dirt Feedlots In Nebraska, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein
Managing N Inputs And The Effect On N Losses Following Excretion In Open-Dirt Feedlots In Nebraska, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Feedlot nutrition will play an important role in meeting environmental challenges of beef cattle feedlots. Nutritionists are continually refining protein requirements and recently adopted a new, metabolizable protein (MP) system to more efficiently use N and allow more accurate diet formulation. Protein requirements vary by animal age and weight during the finishing period. Our hypothesis was that formulating diets with the MP system would decrease N inputs leading to decreased excretion and losses. Comparing industry average diets (13.5% CP) to phase-fed diets formulated to not exceed MP requirements decreased N inputs by 10 to 20% for calves and yearlings without …
Nutritional Methods To Decrease N Losses From Open-Dirt Feedlots In Nebraska, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein
Nutritional Methods To Decrease N Losses From Open-Dirt Feedlots In Nebraska, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Nitrogen losses from cattle feedlots are a concern due to loss of valuable N and enrichment of the atmospheric N pool. Nutritional methods to decrease losses would have economic and environmental benefit. One method to decrease N losses is by increasing carbon on the pen surface. From a management perspective, feeding a diet that will increase carbon may be the most cost effective. Therefore, three experiments evaluated feeding corn bran (less digestible than corn) at either 0, 15, or 30% of the diet. The 15 and 30% bran diets increase organic matter (carbon) excretion by approximately 0.5 and 1.0 kg/steer/d, …
Evaluation Of Nitrogen And Organic Matter Balance In The Feedlot As Affected By Level And Source Of Dietary Fiber, S. Bierman, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock, D. H. Shain
Evaluation Of Nitrogen And Organic Matter Balance In The Feedlot As Affected By Level And Source Of Dietary Fiber, S. Bierman, Galen Erickson, Terry Klopfenstein, Rick A. Stock, D. H. Shain
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
A trial was conducted to determine the effect of level and source of dietary fiber on N and OM excretion by cattle on finishing diets. One hundred twenty steers were stratified by weight and allotted to one of the following treatments: 7.5% roughage (7.5% R), wet corn gluten feed (WCGF; 41.5% of dietary DM), and all-concentrate (All Con) diet. Cattle were fed for 87 d during the summer with 23.7 m2 of pen area per animal. Steers fed the WCGF diet had heavier final weights, greater DMI, and higher ADG ( P < .01) than the 7.5% R and All Con treatments. Steers fed All Con had lower ( P < .01) DMI than the other two treatments. Nitrogen and OM mass balances in the feedlot were quantified. Main components were nutrient input, retention, and excretion. Nitrogen and OM intake of steers fed WCGF were greater ( P < .05) than those of steers fed the other treatments. The WCGF treatment had a greater percentage of fecal N output ( P < .05). The All Con treatment had a greater ( P < .01) percentage of urinary N than WCGF and 7.5% R diets. Steers fed the WCGF treatment excreted more ( P < .01) OM compared with the other treatments, which led to more N and OM being removed in manure at cleaning. The All Con treatment had more ( P < .01) N and OM in runoff than the other treatments. Nutrition can change site of fermentation, which affects the composition of excreted material; however, total amount of N excreted may be more important than route of excretion in decreasing N losses to the environment and maximizing recovery in manure.
Feeding Value Of Grain Sorghum For The Lactating Sow, G. F. Louis, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.
Feeding Value Of Grain Sorghum For The Lactating Sow, G. F. Louis, A. J. Lewis, E. R. Peo, Jr.
Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of a corn-soybean meal (CSBM) and a sorghum-soybean meal (S-SBM) diet on reproductive performance and nutrient utilization by sows. In Exp. 1,75 sows (39 gilts; 36 primiparous) were fed either a C-SBM or a S-SBM gestation diet from breeding to d 109, On d 110, sows were assigned to lactation diets; half of the sows from each dietary treatment were assigned to a lactation diet based on the opposite grain. Sow weight change from d 54 to farrowing was greater (P < .06) for sows fed S-SBM than for sows fed C-SBM. There was no difference (P > SO) in weight change of sows during lactation. Feed consumption during …