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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Site-Specific Effects Of Lysine Acetylation On Aminoacyl-Trna Synthetase, Hao Chen
Site-Specific Effects Of Lysine Acetylation On Aminoacyl-Trna Synthetase, Hao Chen
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) are an ancient and highly conserved family of enzymes which can catalyze a two-steps aminoacylation reaction to charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids, thus playing crucial roles in ribosomal protein synthesis. Naturally, the accurate amino acids and tRNA recognition of these synthetases are essential to the fidelity of translation process. To assure the correct recognition, some of these synthetases have evolved with an editing function to help remove the mischarged tRNAs. In addition to these functions, AARSs are also involved in various biological processes ranging from transcription to translation. Currently, a series of proteomic studies have …
Effects Of Localized Oxygen Production By Electrolysis On The First-Generation Glucose Sensor Response, Nandita Halder
Effects Of Localized Oxygen Production By Electrolysis On The First-Generation Glucose Sensor Response, Nandita Halder
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Glucose sensors are very important for detecting blood glucose both in vitro and in vivo. First-generation glucose biosensors were based on the glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme using molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor and therefore oxygen dependent. Unfortunately for in-vivo work, oxygen in the body is variable and limited. Alternative approaches to overcome the oxygen dependency came with their own limitations. The widely used and commercially available ex-vivo glucose test strip uses a mediator in place of oxygen to free it from oxygen dependency. The mediator-based technology, in most cases cannot be transferred to in vivo applications due to the …
Engineering Fluorescently Labeled Human Fibroblast Growth Factor One Mutants And Characterizing Their Photophysics Properties Towards Designing Fret Assays, Mamello Mohale
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Human fibroblast growth factor one (hFGF1) belongs to a family of 22 FGF members produced by fibroblast cells. Cell signaling during physiological processes of angiogenesis and wound healing occurs when hFGF1 binds to its receptor (FGFR). However, when heterogenous homeostasis is not maintained, fibroblast cells exhibit excessive proliferation which can lead to a myriad of cancers. smFRET is an ultrasensitive distant dependent (1-10 nm) technique capable of resolving such heterogeneity in structural dynamics and binding affinities (Kd). Therefore, we successfully designed and characterized fluorescently labeled hFGF1 tracers which span the visible light region of the electromagnetic spectrum for use in …
Enzymatic Degradation Of Microcystin-Lr By Microcystinase (Mlra), Faisal Alqhtani
Enzymatic Degradation Of Microcystin-Lr By Microcystinase (Mlra), Faisal Alqhtani
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is affecting the water supply worldwide. Hence, a way to eliminate this toxin is an essential target. In this study, successful cloning of the mlrA gene and producing MlrA enzyme that can degrade the cyclic MC-LR to linearized MC-LR was done. MlrA protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL-21 (E. coli). Also, enhancing the MlrA yield by adding nickel to LB media was a success in producing more MlrA enzyme from the same volume. Even though the enzyme showed no activity after adding Ni, the enzyme was expressed at a higher yield. Furthermore, it was to investigate adding …
Investigating Effects Of Microenvironmental Stress On Cell Metabolism Using Multiphoton Imaging, Lisa Rebello
Investigating Effects Of Microenvironmental Stress On Cell Metabolism Using Multiphoton Imaging, Lisa Rebello
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Resistance to therapy in cancer is a major cause of poor prognosis in patients. Tumor hypoxia plays an active role in mediating treatment resistance and has been linked to metastases and metastatic potential in cancer. Our research focused on three objectives: i) To understand metabolic effects of chronic and intermittent hypoxia in murine breast cancer cells and its affiliation with metastatic potential ii) To identify the metabolic changes associated with radiation therapy in a panel of radiosensitive and radioresistant human head and neck cancer cells and iii) to monitor the changes in cell metabolism associated with gain of treatment resistance. …
Evaluating Bioenergetics And Mitochondrial Dynamics In Patient Fibroblasts With Pathogenic Mitochondrial Dna Mutations Causing Leigh Syndrome, Ajibola Bakare
Evaluating Bioenergetics And Mitochondrial Dynamics In Patient Fibroblasts With Pathogenic Mitochondrial Dna Mutations Causing Leigh Syndrome, Ajibola Bakare
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare fatal mitochondrial disorder of infants caused by pathogenic mutations in the nuclear (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. The extent to which pathogenic mtDNA variants regulate disease severity in LS is not well understood. The heterogeneous nature of this disorder, based in part by complex mitochondrial genetics, and the nuclear and mitochondrial cross-talk has made it particularly challenging to investigate and develop therapies for treating LS . While the prognosis is poor, several studies are underway to understand the pathophysiology of LS. This dissertation provides a comprehensive structural and functional analysis …
Biochemical Characterization Of Small Molecule Inhibitor Binding On A Ras Related Gtpase And Its Effector Interactions, Djamali Muhoza
Biochemical Characterization Of Small Molecule Inhibitor Binding On A Ras Related Gtpase And Its Effector Interactions, Djamali Muhoza
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The Ras superfamily of GTPases has 167 proteins that are involved in various cellular processes such as proliferation, transformation, migration, and inhibition of cell death. Mutations, abnormal expression, and function of these proteins are observed in many diseases, including several forms of cancer. Even though these GTPases were among the first discovered oncogenes, no successful Ras drug candidate has successfully passed clinical trials. Drugs targeting these proteins have failed mainly because of the complexity of their regulation, their high affinity to GTP, and their structure’s dynamic nature. Recently, novel promising targeting approaches have renewed interest in the Ras drug discovery …
The Biochemical Characterization Of Aza197 And A Ras Related Protein Cdc42, Alix Montoya-Beltran
The Biochemical Characterization Of Aza197 And A Ras Related Protein Cdc42, Alix Montoya-Beltran
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Eukaryotic cells contain an extensive amount of GTP/GDP binding proteins. Proteins known as Ras GTPase primary function as a binary switch, where they cycle from an on and off state when GTP or GDP are bound, respectively. They are known to play a critical role in many cellular functions where a dysregulation could potentially lead to oncogenic behavior or other malignancies. In our laboratory, our focus is the study of a Ras related protein Cell division control 42 homolog (Cdc42) which belongs to the Rho subfamily. Cdc42 plays a critical role in many biological signaling processes; therefore, its uncontrol gene …