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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Fine Scales, Broad Consequences: Drivers And Effects Of Microclimatic Variation In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Jordan Rebecca Stark
Fine Scales, Broad Consequences: Drivers And Effects Of Microclimatic Variation In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Jordan Rebecca Stark
Theses - ALL
Climate is highly variable at scales that are not captured by most weather and climate models due to local effects of topography and living systems. This variation in microclimate has been noted for many decades but has been difficult to incorporate into quantitative understanding of ecological systems and processes due to the large amount of data and complex models required to adequately describe fine-scale patterns across complex landscapes. In recent years, models of thermal microclimate variation have been developed using low-cost temperature sensors, but few of these models have been used to predict the effects of microclimatic variation on ecological …
Direct Single Molecule Imaging Of Enhanced Diffusion For Enzymes And Enzyme-Conjugated Dna Origami, Mengqi Xu
Direct Single Molecule Imaging Of Enhanced Diffusion For Enzymes And Enzyme-Conjugated Dna Origami, Mengqi Xu
Dissertations - ALL
Enzymes have been shown to diffuse faster in the presence of their substrates. Recently, we revealed new insights into this process of enhanced diffusion using single-particle tracking (SPT) with total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. We found that the mobility of individual enzymes was enhanced three-fold in the presence of the substrate, and the motion remained Brownian. We showed that the relative increase in diffusion is independent of the total enzyme concentrations; and the oligomerization state of enzymes did not change during the catalytic turnover. These experiments ruled out the possibility that the enhanced enzyme diffusion was caused by the …
The Phase Behavior Of Ubqln Proteins And Implications For Protein Quality Control, Yiran Yang
The Phase Behavior Of Ubqln Proteins And Implications For Protein Quality Control, Yiran Yang
Dissertations - ALL
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are essential pathways for maintaining protein quality control (PQC) in cells. Misfolded proteins and large aggregates are cleared by UPS and autophagy signaled by ubiquitin (Ub) or polyubiquitin (polyUb) chains. Shuttle proteins facilitate cargo transporting by interacting with both ubiquitin and degradation machineries. Previously, our lab discovered that the shuttle protein Ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) is recruited to stress granules in cells and undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in vitro. LLPS is a biophysical process by which proteins separate themselves from the surrounding aqueous solution by forming protein-rich droplets. The overarching goals of this work are …
Investigating The Behavioral And Social Context Of Sound In The Surface Foraging Strategies Of Humpback Whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae), Sarah Weiss
Theses - ALL
Humpback whales are known for the plastic and variable nature of their acoustic communication, social interactions, and foraging behaviors. Distinct foraging strategies are used to capture different prey types at the surface and on the seafloor. Sounds produced during foraging are thought to facilitate intraspecific social communication. Previous studies have identified specific sound types produced by humpbacks associated exclusively with benthic foraging strategies, suggesting functions related to foraging behavior. In this study, we use suction cup acoustic tags (DTAGs) deployed on humpbacks in the western North Atlantic from 2006-2009 to investigate the social sound production associated with surface foraging ecology, …
Evaluating Apoptosis, Autophagy, And Hormonal Effects On Oocyte Regulation And Cyst Breakdown, Jessica M. O'Connell
Evaluating Apoptosis, Autophagy, And Hormonal Effects On Oocyte Regulation And Cyst Breakdown, Jessica M. O'Connell
Theses - ALL
Infertility in women is caused by a depletion of eggs below the threshold for functional ovulation. Unlike men where sperm production is maintained throughout their reproductive lifespan, a women's proliferation of eggs ceases prior to birth. Interestingly during development, a fetus has up to 7 million eggs and two-thirds of these eggs die via apoptosis before they are born, further signifying the importance of the quantity control of eggs to maintain fertility. The remaining eggs break apart from each other and become enclosed individually by pre-granulosa cells together forming primordial follicles. Over time, the number of oocytes will continue to …
Cardiorespiratory Function In Young Adults With A History Of Covid-19 Infection, Danielle Arcidiacono
Cardiorespiratory Function In Young Adults With A History Of Covid-19 Infection, Danielle Arcidiacono
Theses - ALL
Objective. Respiratory complications may persist several months into the recovery period following COVID-19 infection. This study evaluated respiratory function and oxygen saturation variability between young adults with a history of COVID-19 infection and controls. Associations between cardiorespiratory function with potential biobehavioral correlates of COVID-19 infection were also explored.Methods. 57 adults ages 18 to 65 participated in this study (24 COVID+, 33 Control). Spirometry was used to assess pulmonary function volumes of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was measured using the NiOX VERO, a handheld …
The Relationship Between Diet Quality, Micronutrient Content And Sleep Indices In Children Ages 9-11, Nicholas Joseph Marino
The Relationship Between Diet Quality, Micronutrient Content And Sleep Indices In Children Ages 9-11, Nicholas Joseph Marino
Theses - ALL
Physiological factors such as metabolism, circadian rhythms, and hormone production play an important role in sleep quality. The physiology of sleep is significantly modified by externally mediated factors, such as socioeconomic status and the quality of nutrition. Sleep actigraphy records from a sub-sample of school-age participants in the Syracuse Lead Study (n=125) were used to evaluate the impact of diet on sleep quality and efficiency. Sleep duration, efficiency, latency, and fragmentation were extracted from actigraphy records over 5 consecutive weekdays. Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) scores and component sub-scores were calculated from two 24-hour recalls per participant collected through the …
Vitamin D Modulates Rett Syndrome Phenotypes And Underlying Cellular Pathways In An Mecp2-Mutant Mouse Model, Mayara De Cassia Ribeiro
Vitamin D Modulates Rett Syndrome Phenotypes And Underlying Cellular Pathways In An Mecp2-Mutant Mouse Model, Mayara De Cassia Ribeiro
Dissertations - ALL
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a progressive and severe X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the transcriptional regulator MECP2. There is currently no effective treatment for RTT. Female RTT patients develop relatively normally during the first 6-18 months of life, after which they undergo a period of rapid regression, losing the ability to talk, walk and purposefully use their hands, in addition to suffering from deceleration of head growth, and onset of repetitive, autistic behaviors. RTT symptoms can be partially reversed by the re-expression of Mecp2 in adult mice, suggesting the potential for post-symptomatic therapeutic intervention. Among the many dysfunctions …
Observations Of Post-Wildfire Landcover Trends In Boreal Alaska Using A Suite Of Remote Sensing Approaches, Eric John Deutsch
Observations Of Post-Wildfire Landcover Trends In Boreal Alaska Using A Suite Of Remote Sensing Approaches, Eric John Deutsch
Theses - ALL
Wildfires are a common occurrence in the boreal ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest. Studies suggest that anthropogenic climate change has fostered more frequent and higher severity fires in recent decades in these forests, which may result in substantial changes in vegetation structure and ecosystem functioning. However, large-scale studies examining the linkages between changing boreal wildfire regimes and vegetation structure have historically been limited in spatial scope due to the broad area and inaccessibility of many boreal regions, including the Alaskan interior. The development and advancement of satellite remote sensing instruments and geospatial analysis techniques provide researchers with unmatched abilities to …
Farm Life In The Asset Economy: First-Generation Farmers And The Agrarian Question, Elizabeth Pickard
Farm Life In The Asset Economy: First-Generation Farmers And The Agrarian Question, Elizabeth Pickard
Theses - ALL
A massive transition of land ownership is currently underway in the U.S. as an increasing proportion of farmers near retirement age with no successor in place. The question of who will replace them has come to the fore as policy makers and food justice activists alike contemplate a shift to a more equitable and ecologically sustainable food system. Embracing a "beginning farmer theory of change," some scholars have called for an increase in the number of first-generation farmers to account for the labor- and knowledge-intensive methods required for agroecological production. Others have brought attention to the historical and ongoing racial, …
Characterizing Multivalent Interactions Between Folded Protein Domains And Intrinsically Disordered Regions Or Peptide Substrates, Tongyin Zheng
Characterizing Multivalent Interactions Between Folded Protein Domains And Intrinsically Disordered Regions Or Peptide Substrates, Tongyin Zheng
Dissertations - ALL
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play central roles in most biological processes. Studying PPIs is a fundamental step in understanding the molecular basis of cellular processes such as cell-cell contact, enzyme activity, and transient assembly of signaling complexes or cellular structures. In this work, we employed a combination of biophysical and biochemical methods to characterize PPIs, with a focus on interactions between structured domains and intrinsically disordered regions or peptide substrates.The subject of Chapter two is prolyl isomerase Ess1, which is an essential enzyme found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ess1 regulates the transcription and co-transcriptional RNA processing by catalyzing the isomerization of serine-proline …
Coordination Geometries In Metallobundles Enforcing Oxidative And Hydrolytic Catalysis And Designing Biomaterials For Use As Antimicrobials, Jennifer Yoon
Dissertations - ALL
De novo protein design permits discovery of intricate folds and functions emulating natural enzymes in simpler, yet robust model constructs. Helical bundles serve as premier scaffolds to incorporate diverse reactivities from oxidative, reductive, to hydrolytic transformations observed in much grander O2-utilizing metalloproteins such as radical-generating ribonucleotide reductases and catalases. One notable family of de novo proteins is the Due Ferri or DF series of four-helix bundles providing a dinuclear site for metal incorporation and are amenable for tailoring active site reactivity. As reactive oxygen species and radical-based intermediates are prevalent and necessary for steering life-essential processes through reactive radicals stabilized …
It's All About The Land: How Plan Colombia Contributed To Oil Palm Expansion And Forced Displacement In Colombia, Camila Ferguson-Sierra
It's All About The Land: How Plan Colombia Contributed To Oil Palm Expansion And Forced Displacement In Colombia, Camila Ferguson-Sierra
Theses - ALL
Between the 1960s and 1980s, global land dedicated to monocultures for biofuels tripled and continues to increase (Gerber, 2011). While biofuels are considered sustainable alternatives to their nonrenewable counterparts (Pye, 2018), concerns have been raised regarding their environmental impact. Some of these crops, such as soybeans and corn, are known as flex crops, or crops with uses extending beyond the fuel industry and into food and other sectors. Another such crop is African or oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Palm oil in its various forms is found virtually everywhere, extending from biodiesel blends to food and household items. Plantations have spread …
Computational Algorithms For Predicting Membrane Protein Assembly From Angstrom To Micron Scale, Nandhini Rajagopal
Computational Algorithms For Predicting Membrane Protein Assembly From Angstrom To Micron Scale, Nandhini Rajagopal
Dissertations - ALL
Biological barriers in the human body are one of the most crucial interfaces perfected through evolution for diverse and unique functions. Of the wide range of barriers, the paracellular protein interfaces of epithelial and endothelial cells called tight junctions with high molecular specificities are vital for homeostasis and to maintain proper health. While the breakdown of these barriers is associated with serious pathological consequences, their intact presence also poses a challenge to effective delivery of therapeutic drugs. Complimenting a rigorous combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches to establishing the fundamental biological construct, in addition to elucidating pathological implications …
It's All About The Land: How Plan Colombia Contributed To Oil Palm Expansion And Forced Displacement In Colombia, Camila Ferguson-Sierra
It's All About The Land: How Plan Colombia Contributed To Oil Palm Expansion And Forced Displacement In Colombia, Camila Ferguson-Sierra
Theses - ALL
Between the 1960s and 1980s, global land dedicated to monocultures for biofuels tripled and continues to increase (Gerber, 2011). While biofuels are considered sustainable alternatives to their nonrenewable counterparts (Pye, 2018), concerns have been raised regarding their environmental impact. Some of these crops, such as soybeans and corn, are known as flex crops, or crops with uses extending beyond the fuel industry and into food and other sectors. Another such crop is African or oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Palm oil in its various forms is found virtually everywhere, extending from biodiesel blends to food and household items. Plantations have spread …
Characterizing The Gene Regulatory Network Required To Specify The Excitatory Neurotransmitter Phenotype Of V0v Spinal Interneurons, Amber Kellie Woodard
Characterizing The Gene Regulatory Network Required To Specify The Excitatory Neurotransmitter Phenotype Of V0v Spinal Interneurons, Amber Kellie Woodard
Theses - ALL
The majority of neurons within the spinal cord are interneurons. Interneurons make important connections with other cells that allow signals to be relayed between the brain and the rest of the body, and aid in functions such as locomotion. One key functional characteristic of interneurons is the neurotransmitter that they use to communicate with other cells. Interneurons that use GABA or glycine neurotransmitters to communicate have an inhibitory phenotype, while interneurons that use glutamate neurotransmitters have an excitatory neurotransmitter phenotype. Without the correct neurotransmitter phenotype, connections within the central nervous system will malfunction. It is therefore important to understand how …
Computational Algorithms For Predicting Membrane Protein Assembly From Angstrom To Micron Scale, Nandhini Rajagopal
Computational Algorithms For Predicting Membrane Protein Assembly From Angstrom To Micron Scale, Nandhini Rajagopal
Dissertations - ALL
Biological barriers in the human body are one of the most crucial interfaces perfected through evolution for diverse and unique functions. Of the wide range of barriers, the paracellular protein interfaces of epithelial and endothelial cells called tight junctions with high molecular specificities are vital for homeostasis and to maintain proper health. While the breakdown of these barriers is associated with serious pathological consequences, their intact presence also poses a challenge to effective delivery of therapeutic drugs. Complimenting a rigorous combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches to establishing the fundamental biological construct, in addition to elucidating pathological implications …
The Effects Of Whole Genome Duplication On Functional Traits And Interactions With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Thomas Anneberg
The Effects Of Whole Genome Duplication On Functional Traits And Interactions With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Thomas Anneberg
Dissertations - ALL
Whole genome duplication is one of the most pervasive forces driving plant evolution, yet modelling efforts on the establishment of polyploid plants have shown that early generation polyploids, or “neopolyploids”, should experience high extinction rates due to a population demographic disadvantage. A major gap in understanding why established polyploids are so prevalent despite theoretically high extinction rates is that we know so little about the ecological consequences of neopolyploidy. For example, by investigating how neopolyploidy affects plant ecophysiology, or functional trait variation across environments, we can understand the ecological contexts that can promote polyploid establishment. Thus, a major goal of …