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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
A Comparison Between South Dakota And North American Standard Sampling Gears In Lakes And Reservoirs, Bradley J. Smith
A Comparison Between South Dakota And North American Standard Sampling Gears In Lakes And Reservoirs, Bradley J. Smith
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A statewide gear comparison was performed in South Dakota during 2013 and 2014 between current South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks (SDGFP) sampling gears (i.e., gill nets and modified fyke nets) and their equivalents described in Standard Methods for Sampling North American Freshwater Fishes (Standard). Adopting Standard gears would provide uniform gear specifications for annual sampling statewide, facilitate data sharing within South Dakota and beyond, and allow for large-scale spatial and temporal analyses relevant to researchers and managers. Sampling was divided between non-Missouri River (non-MR) and Missouri River (MR) systems because gill nets used by SDGFP to sample …
Energy Status Of Steers Dictates Effectiveness Of Glycerol Inclusion In High-Roughage And High-Concentrate Feedlot Diets, Erin M. Rife
Energy Status Of Steers Dictates Effectiveness Of Glycerol Inclusion In High-Roughage And High-Concentrate Feedlot Diets, Erin M. Rife
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this research was to determine how to use glycerol as an effective source of energy in ruminant diets. Steer calves were used in a 56 d backgrounding study (n=128; Initial BW=340 ± 15 kg) and 105 d finishing study (n=120; Initial BW=420 ± 20 kg). Dietary treatments during backgrounding included 0, 8, 16, and 24% glycerol replacing corn silage in corn silage-based diets. Steers continued on within relative levels of dietary glycerol with finishing diets consisting of 0, 5, 10, and 15% glycerol replacing corn. Cumulative DMI, ADG, and G:F increased linearly (P
Increasing The Nutritional Value Of Canola Meal Via Fungal Bioprocessing, Jason R. Croat
Increasing The Nutritional Value Of Canola Meal Via Fungal Bioprocessing, Jason R. Croat
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main limitation of meals from canola and other Brassica spp. is the presence of glucosinolates (GLS), which are anti-nutritional and can even be toxic at high ingestion levels. Furthermore, large amounts of GLS can reduce palatability for livestock and thus reduce intake and growth rates. For this reason canola was bred to contain lower levels of GLS (<30 >μmol/g) and erucic acid (< 2%). However, feed inclusion rates are still limited to ~30%, and this reduces the value of canola meal. The goal of this thesis was to optimize a pretreatment and fungal conversion process to enhance the nutritional value of canola meal. Various combinations of physical/chemical pretreatments, fungal cultures, and incubation methods were investigated to metabolize GLS into cell mass, CO2, or other non-toxic components. These treatments also served to hydrolyze canola meal fiber into carbohydrates which were then metabolized by the fungi into single cell protein. Solid-state incubation conditions were initially tested, since filamentous fungi are well adapted to grow at lower moisture levels, and this would potentially reduce contamination issues with bacteria. Flask trials were performed using 50% moisture, hexane extracted (HE) or cold pressed (CP) canola meal, with incubation for 168 h at 30ºC. On HE canola meal Trichoderma reesei (NRRL-3653) achieved the greatest increase in protein content (23%), while having the lowest residual levels of sugar (8% w/w) and GLS (0.4 μM/g). On CP canola meal T. reesei (NRRL-3653), Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL-58522), and …
U.S. Competition Of Hard Spring Wheat Characteristics, Jacquiline Danso
U.S. Competition Of Hard Spring Wheat Characteristics, Jacquiline Danso
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
There is a changing landscape in the wheat market from the emergence of foreign ownership of local elevators, increased consolidation in the milling sector, technology advancement, and changes in transportation. The changing landscape of the wheat market has been associated with greater degrees of vertical coordination through integration, strategic alliances, and contractual relationships. Particularly greater vertical integration has occurred between the millers, county elevators, and export and country terminal elevators. The greater integration of the milling sector has raised concerns by the Department of Justice Anti-trust division to the competitiveness of the flour market, and has only conditionally approved recent …
Drought Resistance And Resilience Of Non-Native Vs. Native Grasses In The Northern Tallgrass Prairie, Wyatt Kirwan
Drought Resistance And Resilience Of Non-Native Vs. Native Grasses In The Northern Tallgrass Prairie, Wyatt Kirwan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Drought can have major impacts on rangeland productivity and remains highly unpredictable. Like many other rangelands in the US, the Tallgrass Prairie of eastern South Dakota contains native prairie where the plant composition includes mostly native species as well as pasture that has been converted to or invaded by cool-season introduced species. So how are these two plant communities impacted by drought? The specific objective of this study was to compare drought resistance and drought resilience of native prairie to introduced cool-season pasture (Smooth brome - Bromus inermis and Kentucky bluegrass - Poa pratensis). Our Hypothesis was that native prairie …
Population Ecology Of Rocky Mountain Elk In The Black Hills, South Dakota And Wyoming, Benjamin D. Simpson
Population Ecology Of Rocky Mountain Elk In The Black Hills, South Dakota And Wyoming, Benjamin D. Simpson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
We conducted a 2-year (2012–2013) study of survival and cause–specific mortality using individually marked adult cow and neonate elk (Cervus elaphus) occupying the southwestern region of the Black Hills. We used known-fate analysis in Program MARK for survival analysis of adult cows and calves. We estimated survival and cause-specific mortality of 49 adult female elk over the 2 years of the study. Annual adult cow survival was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.72–0.87). We documented 12 mortalities with harvest (58.3%) and predation (16.6%) accounting for the majority of known mortalities. We captured and fit 71 neonates < 10 days of age with expandable Very High Frequency (VHF) radiocollars during summer 2012 (n = 37) and 2013 (n = 34). Annual (12 month) survival of elk calves was 0.75 (95% CI = 0.61–0.84) while summer (20 weeks; 15 May–25 September) survival was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.68–0.88). Predation accounted for 87.5% of mortalities; remaining mortalities were from starvation (6.3%) and unknown (6. 3%) causes. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) collars to collect 167,707 locations to determine home range, movement ecology, and macroscale resource selection of 48 adult cow elk. We documented elk using a variety of migration strategies (obligate migrator, resident, conditional migrator, disperser); the majority of the population (58%) was migratory. Spring migration distance travelled ranged from 2.45 km – 74.44 km (n = 42); fall migration distances ranged from 6.41km – 153.95 km (n = 46). We used 99% Brownian Bridge Movement Models to create seasonal and overall home ranges of adult cow elk. Mean overall home range size for conditional migrators was 249.28 km2 (SE = 28.60, n = 7, range = 233.75), for obligate migrant elk it was 227.18 km2 (SE = 13.94, n = 29, range = 346.83), and for resident elk it was 175.65 km2 (SE = 22.75, n = 11, range = 216.04). We used discrete choice models to determine resource selection at the macro-habitat scale of collared adult elk using ArcMap 10.1 data. Adult cow elk selected for open grassland/herbaceous areas and early successional forest areas close to forested edges at higher elevations. Our study showed that elk populations have the ability to thrive within an ecosystem with healthy predator populations.
Studies Related To Microbially Induced Corrosion Of Stainless Steel 304 And 316, Somil Gupta
Studies Related To Microbially Induced Corrosion Of Stainless Steel 304 And 316, Somil Gupta
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Pitting corrosion of stainless steel (SS) is observed in many different industries including the dairy industry. It is of concern, because it weakens the steel, and can cause cracking. Any replacement or repair of SS equipment is very costly and also causes delays in product manufacture. Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC) is a possible accelerator of natural corrosion seen in galvanized steel pipes. Studies have shown a correlation between surface roughness and the ability of bacteria to colonize and form biofilms. Dairy industry utilizes higher food grade SS 304 and 316. However, even these relatively corrosion resistant stainless steel grades may …
Drivers Of Agricultural Land Use Change And Management Decisions In The Dakotas: The Influence Of Climate Change And Other Factors, Moses Luri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis conducts a general assessment of the: main drivers of land use change; recent and projected land use patterns; and the evolution of agriculture in the Dakotas. Specifically, it determines the main motives of land use change in the Dakotas by investigating individual and joint effects of external drivers of land use change on farm operators’ decisions and also examines recent and projected agricultural land use patterns in the Dakotas. Farm operators’ perceptions about the evolution of agriculture in the Dakotas based on observed changes in their local area were also analyzed. The study region consists of 37 counties …
The Effects Of Chanellization And Channel Restoration On Aquatic Habitat And Biota Of The Pecos River, New Mexico, Darrel J. Mecham
The Effects Of Chanellization And Channel Restoration On Aquatic Habitat And Biota Of The Pecos River, New Mexico, Darrel J. Mecham
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
River channelization has been shown to negatively impact riverine ecosystems by degrading aquatic habitat conditions, decreasing diversity of both fish and aquatic invertebrate assemblages and impairing fish recruitment. As knowledge of the negative impacts of channelization has increased, so have channel restoration efforts. We evaluated a recent channel restoration project on the Pecos River, New Mexico by comparing abiotic and biotic conditions among five reaches of river, including the restored reach, an unchannelized reach and a channelized reach all prone to streamflow intermittence and an unchannelized reach and channelized reach more perennial in nature. Our first objective was to assess …
An Economic Analysis Of High-Intensity, Short-Duration Grazing Systems In South Dakota And Nebraska, Bronc Mcmurtry
An Economic Analysis Of High-Intensity, Short-Duration Grazing Systems In South Dakota And Nebraska, Bronc Mcmurtry
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Four different grazing systems: two rotational, a continuous, and a high-intensity, short-duration (mob) system, replicated twice, were evaluated from an economic perspective. Mob grazing is defined as a system having very high stocking rates for a small amount of time. Livestock are forced to eat or trample the vegetation. Stocking rates and average daily gains (ADG) were collected from the UNL Barta Brothers ranch near Rose, Nebraska. The study started in 2011 and lasted until 2014. Using the performance data and other cost data relevant to South Dakota and Nebraska, budgets were set up for each system and extrapolated to …
Photovoice: Engaging School Communities In Wellness Efforts, Hilary J. Overby
Photovoice: Engaging School Communities In Wellness Efforts, Hilary J. Overby
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Currently there are no interactive tools that allow school communities to assess their school wellness needs and foster interest in wellness efforts. PhotoVoice is a participatory action research methodology commonly used in public health that utilizes photography to document and showcase community strengths and weaknesses in order to promote change. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gather perceptions of a school community after using PhotoVoice to document school wellness efforts 1. Participants: High school students (n=103) and school community members (i.e., residents of community, school faculty) (n=188) were recruited across three school districts. Methods: High school students …
Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Corn And Soybean Competition And Control, Jill Alms
Volunteer Glyphosate-Resistant Corn And Soybean Competition And Control, Jill Alms
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The continuous use of glyphosate-resistant crops has resulted in volunteer crops with the same herbicide resistance as the cash crop and an increasing weed problem. Volunteer corn reduces soybean yields however; little research has examined corn yield loss due to volunteer corn or volunteer soybean competition. These studies investigated yield loss and control of volunteer soybean in corn, and volunteer corn in soybean and corn. Using several densities of competitive plants, the yield loss was fit to a hyperbolic equation that indicated incremental yield loss (I value) to be 29.9 for volunteer corn in soybeans, 5.6 for volunteer corn in …
Virus-Like Particles Generaged By Expressing Proteins Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv) Using The Recombinant Baculovirus Expression System, April Anne Nelsen
Virus-Like Particles Generaged By Expressing Proteins Of Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv) Using The Recombinant Baculovirus Expression System, April Anne Nelsen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped, single stranded, positive sense RNA virus and a member of Arteriviridae. Its genome encodes 10 open reading frames for at least 7 structural proteins and 14 non-structural proteins. Membrane (M), Nuclepcapsid (N), and Glycoprotein-5 (GP5) are the major structural proteins of PRRSV, while Envelope (E), Glycoprotein-2 (GP2), Glycoprotein-3 (GP3), and Glycoprotein-4 (GP4) are the minor structural proteins of PRRSV. GP5 induces neutralizing antibodies and forms heterodimers with M, while N is the most immunogenic protein of PRRSV. Previous studies have shown viral structural proteins are able to form virus-like particles …
Classifying And Mapping Native Grasslands Of South Dakota's Northern Prairie Coteau And Characterizing Habitat For Dakota Skipper Conservation, Diane M. Narem
Classifying And Mapping Native Grasslands Of South Dakota's Northern Prairie Coteau And Characterizing Habitat For Dakota Skipper Conservation, Diane M. Narem
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Native tallgrass prairie is becoming increasingly rare due to conversion and degradation, putting pressure on endemic prairie species such as the federally threatened Dakota skipper butterfly (Hesperia dacotae). To develop a conservation plan for the butterfly in South Dakota, accurate vegetation classification, mapping, and characterization are critical. The objectives of this study were to 1) rank prairie condition, 2) classify and map upland prairie, 3) characterize and compare vegetation at Dakota skipper inhabited and formerly inhabited sites, and 4) identify potential Dakota skipper habitat within a 225 mi2 (58,275 hectares) study area of the SD Prairie Coteau. Condition metrics were …
Spatial Variability Of Saline And Sodic Soils In The Black Glaciated Region Of The Northern Great Plains, Usa, Rachel K. Owen
Spatial Variability Of Saline And Sodic Soils In The Black Glaciated Region Of The Northern Great Plains, Usa, Rachel K. Owen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Recent (1990-2014) increases in salt affected soils in the Northern Great Plains states of South Dakota (SD) and North Dakota (ND), MLRA 55B and 55C, have prompted more intensive research on groundwater derived saline and sodic soil characteristics in semi-humid and humid climates. Past research has focused on salinity and sodicity in irrigated agricultural systems in semi-arid and arid climates. Due to the disconnect between prior research and current problems in this region, it is necessary to assess widely used laboratory methods, and determine if short cuts can be used for rapid evaluation. The objectives of this research were: 1) …