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Articles 1 - 30 of 36
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Intramuscular Tenderness Variation Within Four Muscles Of The Beef Chuck, G.A. Searls, R.J. Maddock, D.M. Wulf
Intramuscular Tenderness Variation Within Four Muscles Of The Beef Chuck, G.A. Searls, R.J. Maddock, D.M. Wulf
Animal Science Faculty Publications
The i.m. tenderness variation was examined within four beef chuck muscles, the infraspinatus (IF), supraspinatus (SS), triceps brachii (TB), and serratus ventralis (SV). The IF, SS, TB, and SV muscles were cut into 2.5 cm thick steaks perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle. An identification tag was placed on each steak, consisting of a muscle identification number, steak number, and orientation of the steak. Steaks were vacuum-packaged and stored at −22°C until subsequent analysis. Steaks were thawed at 1°C and cooked on electric broilers to an internal temperature of 71°C. One core was removed from each 2.5-cm × …
Determining The Optimum Beef Longissimus Muscle Size For Retail Consumers, K.K. Sweeter, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock
Determining The Optimum Beef Longissimus Muscle Size For Retail Consumers, K.K. Sweeter, D.M. Wulf, R.J. Maddock
Animal Science Faculty Publications
Research was conducted in two phases to determine the optimum beef LM size for retail consumers. In Phase I, 50 USDA Choice beef carcass sides were selected at a commercial packing plant and assigned to five different categories (10 sides per category) based on LM size: 61 to 68 cm2 (A), 70 to 78 cm2 (B), 80 to 90 cm2 (C), 92 to 103 cm2 (D), and 105 to 119 cm2 (E). Ribeye rolls were retrieved from all carcass sides. Steaks (2.5-cm thick; 14 per ribeye roll) were cut as needed and transported in groups of 35 steaks (seven per …
Evaluating Consumer Acceptability And Willingness To Pay For Various Beef Chuck Muscles, A.C. Kukowski, R.J. Maddock, D.M. Wulf, G.L. Taylor
Evaluating Consumer Acceptability And Willingness To Pay For Various Beef Chuck Muscles, A.C. Kukowski, R.J. Maddock, D.M. Wulf, G.L. Taylor
Animal Science Faculty Publications
In-home consumer steak evaluations, followed by centralized laboratory-setting auctions, were used to determine consumer (n = 74 consumers) acceptability and willingness to pay for various beef chuck muscles. The infraspinatus (IF), serratus ventralis (SV), supraspinatus (SS), and triceps brachii (TB) from the beef chuck were evaluated against LM steaks from the rib to determine price and trait differentials. Muscles from USDA Choice, boneless, boxed-beef subprimals were aged 14 d, frozen, and cut into 2.5-cmthick steaks. Consumers received two steaks from each muscle for in-home evaluations of uncooked steak appearance and cooked steak palatability. After in-home evaluation of steaks, consumers participated …
2005 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University
2005 Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalog, Little International Agricultural Exposition South Dakota State University
Little International Agricultural Exposition Catalogs
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Ovulatory Follicle Size And Standing Estrus On Circulating Hormone Concentrations And Interval To Ovulation, George A. Perry
Effect Of Ovulatory Follicle Size And Standing Estrus On Circulating Hormone Concentrations And Interval To Ovulation, George A. Perry
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
In postpartum cows, ovulatory follicle size at time of insemination (GnRH/TAI) influenced pregnancy rates following TAI, but had no effect on pregnancy rates when cows spontaneously ovulated. Furthermore, cows that exhibited estrus (± 24 h of GnRH/TAI) had higher pregnancy rates compared to cows not in estrus. The objective was to assess the relationship between ovulatory follicle size and estradiol concentrations, timing of the LH surge, timing of ovulation, and subsequent progesterone concentrations. Cows were synchronized with the CO-Synch (n = 64; induced ovulation) or the Select Synch (n = 20; spontaneous ovulation) protocol. Cows that exhibited estrus and were …
Effect Of Using Cidrs For Seven Days Before The Introduction Of Bulls On The Proportion Of Cows Conceiving Early In The Breeding Season, George A. Perry
Effect Of Using Cidrs For Seven Days Before The Introduction Of Bulls On The Proportion Of Cows Conceiving Early In The Breeding Season, George A. Perry
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Cows that conceive earlier in the breeding season wean calves that are older and heavier at weaning. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the ability of a CIDR to increase the proportion of cows that conceived early during a natural service breeding season. Two hundred twenty-two postpartum beef cows were allotted to one of two treatments: 1) cows were treated with a CIDR for 7 days before bulls were introduced (n = 100), 2) cows were not treated and served as a control (n = 122). Seven days before bulls were introduced to the herd CIDRs were …
Comparison Of The Efficiency And Accuracy Of Three Estrous Detection Methods To Indicate Ovulation In Beef Cattle, George A. Perry
Comparison Of The Efficiency And Accuracy Of Three Estrous Detection Methods To Indicate Ovulation In Beef Cattle, George A. Perry
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
The ability to successfully artificially inseminate cattle requires determining the appropriate time to inseminate. Therefore, detection of standing estrus is a major factor in the success or failure of most artificial insemination programs. The objective of these experiments was to determine the efficiency and accuracy of three estrous detection methods (visual, penile deviated bull, and Estrus Alert estrous detection aids) to determine if animals were going to ovulate. Fifty-three postpartum beef cows were synchronized with an injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) followed by an injection of prostaglandin F2_ (PG) seven days later. Estrus was monitored for 72 hours following …
Spring Drought Effects On Rangeland Forage Yield From Clayey Ecological Sites In Western South Dakota, Alexander J. Smart, Roger N. Gates, Barry H. Dunn
Spring Drought Effects On Rangeland Forage Yield From Clayey Ecological Sites In Western South Dakota, Alexander J. Smart, Roger N. Gates, Barry H. Dunn
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Understanding the historical influence of seasonal precipitation, especially spring precipitation, and stocking rate on forage yield would be desirable for planning purposes. The objectives of this study were to examine the historical precipitation pattern and how it influenced forage yield on pastures that were stocked at light, moderate, and heavy stocking rates for 15 years at the Cottonwood Range and Livestock Research Station in western South Dakota. Weather data from 1909 to 2004 at the station were analyzed to determine the frequency of occurrence of below (≤75 of mean), normal, and above normal (>125% of mean) spring precipitation (April, …
Sod Suppression Techniques For Legume Interseeding, Alexander J. Smart, Vance N. Owens, Dick Pruitt
Sod Suppression Techniques For Legume Interseeding, Alexander J. Smart, Vance N. Owens, Dick Pruitt
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Sod suppression is necessary for successful establishment of legumes interseeded into existing pasture; however such techniques vary in their effectiveness, cost, and management. Sod suppression experiments for legume interseeding into cool-season pasture were conducted at South Dakota State University’s Cow-Calf Unit located near Brookings, SD in 2003 to 2005. We evaluated (i) spring burn, (ii) field cultivator or disk, (iii) herbicide, (iv) heavy fall and spring graze, and (v) a control with no sod suppression. Legume species were alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, and kura clover. Sod suppression techniques enhanced the success of legume interseeding. In this study, the grazing equaled or …
Effect Of Grazing, Mowing, Or Herbicide On Leafy Spurge Control, Kelly W. Bruns, Alexander J. Smart
Effect Of Grazing, Mowing, Or Herbicide On Leafy Spurge Control, Kelly W. Bruns, Alexander J. Smart
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Leafy spurge (euphorbia esula L.) is an herbaceous perennial which is deep rooted and can reproduce by seeds and rhizomes. First introduced into North America in the 1800’s from Europe, it now covers 25 states in the USA and several provinces in Canada. It is a major concern in North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, and Nebraska. Leafy spurge is considered a noxious weed that is extremely competitive, establishing itself in pastureland and roadsides. Bangsund et al. (1997) estimated that by 2005, uncontrolled leafy spurge acres would reach 18.5 million in the Northern Great Plains. The cost of leafy spurge …
Intravenous Ghrelin Infusion Affects Plasma Growth Hormone Concentrations, Dry Matter Disappearance, And Length Of Time Spent Feeding, Aimee E. Wertz-Lutz, Robbi H. Pritchard, Joseph A. Daniel, Jeff A. Clapper
Intravenous Ghrelin Infusion Affects Plasma Growth Hormone Concentrations, Dry Matter Disappearance, And Length Of Time Spent Feeding, Aimee E. Wertz-Lutz, Robbi H. Pritchard, Joseph A. Daniel, Jeff A. Clapper
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Six steers (915 ± 37.8 kg) were used in a crossover design to determine the effects of intravenous infusion of bovine ghrelin (BGR) on plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations, length of time spent feeding, and dry matter disappearance per unit of metabolic weight. Steers were fed individually once daily (0800 h) and allowed to consume ad libitum until 2000 h when feed was removed. Daily feed allotment was sufficient to result in ≥ 10% feed refusal. Serial blood samples were collected from steers fitted with an indwelling jugular catheter at 15-min intervals from 0600 h through 1800 h. Harvested plasma …
Effect Of Feeding Schedule On Tympanic Temperature Of Steer Calves During Winter, Simone M. Holt, Robbi H. Pritchard
Effect Of Feeding Schedule On Tympanic Temperature Of Steer Calves During Winter, Simone M. Holt, Robbi H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Angus steer calves (n=135) were used in a 55d feedlot growing study to investigate the effects of feeding schedule on tympanic temperature response when limit feeding. Steers were fed a high moisture ear corn diet (58 Mcal/cwt NEg) at 0900h (AM), 1500h (PM) or 50% at 0900h and 50% at 1500h (SPLIT) to allow for 2.50lb ADG. Climatic data were collected at 30 min intervals throughout the study via an on site automated weather station. Tympanic temperatures (TT) were collected every 30 min (5 steers/trt) for 5d (d44 to d48). Mean ambient temperature during the 5d TT collection period was …
Effect Of High-Sulfate Water On Trace Mineral Status Of Beef Steers, Cody L. Wright, Hubert H. Patterson
Effect Of High-Sulfate Water On Trace Mineral Status Of Beef Steers, Cody L. Wright, Hubert H. Patterson
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of high-sulfate water on the performance, health, and mineral status of growing steers. The first experiment was conducted from June 20 to September 12, 2001, at the South Dakota State University (SDSU) Cottonwood Range and Livestock Research Station. Eighty-one crossbred steers (initial BW = 700 lb) were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to 12 dry-lot pens (6 or 7 steers/pen). Pens were then randomly assigned to one of three water quality treatments: 1) rural water (404 ppm sulfate), 2) well water (3087 ppm sulfate), and 3) stock dam water (3947ppm sulfate). …
Relative Efficiency Of Natural Feeding Programs Using Germ Or Bran Cake From A Dry Milling Process, Robbi H. Pritchard, Donald L. Boggs
Relative Efficiency Of Natural Feeding Programs Using Germ Or Bran Cake From A Dry Milling Process, Robbi H. Pritchard, Donald L. Boggs
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
This experiment was designed to evaluate the potential of using high-fat ethanol co-products in cattle feeding programs that exclude implants and ionophores. Four treatments included: 1) Positive Control, implanted steers fed a typical diet that included 29g/T monensin; 2) Control Diet fed to non-implanted steers; 3) 14% Germ, no implant or ionophore; and 4) 30% Bran Cake, no implant, no ionophore. After a 110 d finishing period, the breakeven (B/E) fed cattle price increased $3.04/cwt when an implant was not used on the Control diet. The Germ diet resulted in comparable performance as the Control diet fed to non-implanted steers. …
Composition And Nutritive Value Of Corn Fractions And Ethanol Co-Products Resulting From A New Dry-Milling Process, Greg B. Kleinhans, Robbi H. Pritchard, Simone M. Holt
Composition And Nutritive Value Of Corn Fractions And Ethanol Co-Products Resulting From A New Dry-Milling Process, Greg B. Kleinhans, Robbi H. Pritchard, Simone M. Holt
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
The development of a new dry-milling process for the production of corn ethanol has resulted in new feedstuffs. This process fractionates the corn kernel prior to fermentation. Pre-fermentation fractions include bran, germ, and endosperm. Post-fermentation fractions include dried distillers grains (DDG) and condensed distiller solubles (syrup). Proximate analysis was conducted on these fractions along with the parent corn sample. Equations were used to predict TDN and undegradable intake protein (UIP). These feeds differ substantially from historical dried distiller’s grains with solubles (DDGS). Feeding experiments will be necessary to confirm the results of the predicted feed values.
Corn Germ As A Source Of Supplemental Fat For Cows In Late Gestation, Dick Pruitt, Jeff A. Clapper, William B. Epperson, George A. Perry
Corn Germ As A Source Of Supplemental Fat For Cows In Late Gestation, Dick Pruitt, Jeff A. Clapper, William B. Epperson, George A. Perry
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
To evaluate corn germ as a source of supplemental fat, 217 two to twelve-year-old cows receiving grass hay free choice were supplemented with either 2.75 lb of corn germ (dry basis) or an equal amount of crude protein from soybean meal (0.80 lb dry matter) starting approximately 50 days prior to the first expected calving. Cows were removed from treatment the day they calved and where managed as a group through the breeding season. Supplement treatment did not affect cow weight change or body condition score. Corn germ did not improve any measure of reproduction, including the percentage of cows …
Effect Of Harvest Method On The Nutrient Composition Of Baled Cornstalks, Cody L. Wright
Effect Of Harvest Method On The Nutrient Composition Of Baled Cornstalks, Cody L. Wright
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of chopping corn residue prior to baling on the nutrient composition of cornstalk bales. One dryland corn field planted with a single variety of corn was used. After harvest, one half of the field was chopped with a stalk chopper. The remaining half was not chopped. Each half of the field was then raked into windrows, baled, and wrapped with plastic netting. Ten round bales were harvested from each half of the field (chopped and not chopped). Three core samples were then collected from each bale and pooled for analysis. Pooled samples …
Factors Affecting Profitability Of The Cow-Calf Enterprise In The Northern Great Plains, Barry H. Dunn, Dick Pruitt, Edward Hamilton, Duane Griffith
Factors Affecting Profitability Of The Cow-Calf Enterprise In The Northern Great Plains, Barry H. Dunn, Dick Pruitt, Edward Hamilton, Duane Griffith
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
One hundred and forty eight privately owned and operated cow-calf enterprises were surveyed for their production and financial performance measures and the results analyzed for factors that affected profitability. The results of these analyzes indicate that for cow-calf enterprises in the Northern Great Plains, high levels of profit are a function of lower than average investment, above average reproductive performance, lower than average total expenses, and above average market prices for calves produced. Neither high nor low levels of other biological production, geographical region, size of operation, or year were factors that explained differences in profitability. Profitability measured as Return …
Use Of Corn Co-Products In Soybean Hull-Based Feedlot Receiving Diets, Chad J. Mueller, Donald L. Boggs
Use Of Corn Co-Products In Soybean Hull-Based Feedlot Receiving Diets, Chad J. Mueller, Donald L. Boggs
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
The use of different supplemental protein sources with soybean hulls in receiving cattle diets were evaluated using 200 Angus steer calves. Diets contained either corn and soybean meal (C-SBM), or soybean hulls with soybean meal (H-SBM), dried corn gluten feed (H-DCGF) or dried distillers grains plus solubles (H-DDGS). The replacement of corn (C-SBM) with soybean hulls (H-SBM) stimulated intake within the first 14 d of the receiving period and throughout the entire growing period (52 d). Supplementing soybean hulls with corn origin protein (COP) versus soybean meal did not result in any performance differences throughout the feeding period. Within the …
Influence Of Calcium Metabolism On Meat Tenderness In Heiferettes, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard
Influence Of Calcium Metabolism On Meat Tenderness In Heiferettes, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Forty beef-type heiferettes (initial BW=1016 ± 93 lb) were used to evaluate the influence of dietary calcium depletion followed by dietary repletion prior to slaughter on carcass and meat quality traits. Treatments were 1.) control - feed calcium diet for duration of trial (13 hd); 2.) calcium depleted 14 days followed by one feeding of replete diet 20 h prior to slaughter (13 hd); 3.) calcium depleted 14 days followed by two feedings of repleted diet 20 h and 44 h before harvest (14 hd). Heifers were sorted on condition and weight from a larger population of 280 head. Heiferettes …
Comparative Anatomy Of A Presorted Pot-Load Of Yearling Steers, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard, Simone Holt
Comparative Anatomy Of A Presorted Pot-Load Of Yearling Steers, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard, Simone Holt
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
One load (n = 72; initial BW = 745 ± 54.5) of grass-raised Angus-cross yearling steers was purchased from a sale barn in north central South Dakota. The steers were sorted into load lots by sale barn personnel from a larger group of 1200. Upon arrival, steers were used in the 4-day Feedlot Shortcourse before being weighed and appraised for visual differences. Cattle were divided (randomly) into 8 groups of 9 head each. One steer was randomly selected from each of the eight groups to make a 9th group of steers comprised of each classification. The steers were fed until …
Fenceline Weaning On Pasture And Forage Barley To Extend The Grazing Season For Replacement Heifers - A Three-Year Summary, Dick Pruitt, William Epperson, Vance Owens, Alexander Smart
Fenceline Weaning On Pasture And Forage Barley To Extend The Grazing Season For Replacement Heifers - A Three-Year Summary, Dick Pruitt, William Epperson, Vance Owens, Alexander Smart
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
In a three-year study at the SDSU Cow/Calf Teaching and Research Unit, Brookings, SD, heifer calves were allotted to two weaning management treatments in early October. The pasture-weaned group was separated from their dams and grazed a grass pasture across the fence from their dams for two weeks. Then, until early December, they grazed “Robust” barley (forage type) that had been no-till planted into oat stubble in early August. The drylot-weaned group was fed a traditional weaning diet of grass hay, corn and protein supplement from weaning until early December. Heifers received the same diet and were managed as one …
Sdsu Cow/Calf Teaching And Research Unit, Dick Pruitt, Kevin Vanderwal, Anna Drew
Sdsu Cow/Calf Teaching And Research Unit, Dick Pruitt, Kevin Vanderwal, Anna Drew
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
The SDSU Cow/Calf Unit (CCU) provides cattle and facilities for numerous Animal Science and Range Science classes and a variety of research projects. The CCU also provides cattle for the SDSU Little International, Block & Bridle Club activities, numerous judging team workouts, and other activities that bring potential students to the SDSU campus. Kevin VanderWal and Anna Drew along with part-time student employees, manage the herd, collect research data, and assist with numerous beef cattle activities throughout the year.
Ruminal And Plasma Responses In Dairy Cows To Drenching Or Feeding Glycerol, Peter Linke
Ruminal And Plasma Responses In Dairy Cows To Drenching Or Feeding Glycerol, Peter Linke
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
Four Holstein dairy cows (137 DIM, 60 kg milk/d) were used in a Latin square with 1-wk periods to evaluate the effect of methods of oral delivery of glycerol on ruminal VFA and plasma concentrations of glucose, 6-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and insulin. All cows were fed only grass hay for ad libitum consumption during 12 h before the experiment. At the start of the experiment, time 0, all cows were fed 5 kg of cracked corn. Treatments administered at time 0 were: 1) control (C), no glycerol; 2) fed glycerol (F), 1 kg of glycerol solution (80% …
Furniture Usage And Activity Budgets Of Captive Black And White Ruffed Lemurs (Varecia Variegata Variegata) And Ring- Tailed Lemurs (Lemur Catta) At Bramble Park Zoo, Watertown, South Dakota, Zarah Hedge
The Journal of Undergraduate Research
A behavioral study was conducted on the black and white ruffed lemurs and ring-tailed lemurs at Bramble Park Zoo in summer 2004 to determine if the furniture in the exhibit was sufficient to enable them to display their natural behaviors. The study was performed using a time sampling method of one minute, and ten hours of data was gathered. Both species of lemur spent a significant portion of the observed time resting, more so than has been found in wild populations of lemurs. The time spent foraging (.33% and 2.5% for the ruffed lemurs and 2.1% for the ring-tails) and …
Dairy Digest 2005, South Dakota State University Dairy Club
Dairy Digest 2005, South Dakota State University Dairy Club
Dairy Digest
No abstract provided.
The Jackrabbit Dairy Review, Vikram Mistry
The Jackrabbit Dairy Review, Vikram Mistry
The Jackrabbit Dairy & Food Review
No abstract provided.
Evaluation Of Performance And Costs Of Two Heifer Development Systems, Robin R. Salverson, Hubert H. Patterson, George A. Perry, Doug Young, Matt L. Gibson
Evaluation Of Performance And Costs Of Two Heifer Development Systems, Robin R. Salverson, Hubert H. Patterson, George A. Perry, Doug Young, Matt L. Gibson
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Early weaned (EW) heifers must be developed for a longer period of time usually resulting in increased development costs. Developing EW heifers on native range may reduce these costs. Dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) offers protein and energy that compliment native forages for developing heifers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and costs of two heifer development systems in northwest South Dakota. Sixty-five nulliparous crossbred beef heifers were randomly allotted to one of two systems: 1) heifers (n=33) weaned at 132 d of age (461 lb) and developed on range with a DDGS supplement (1.8 …
Effects Of Weaning Date And Retained Ownership On Cow And Calf Performance And Forage Disappearance In Spring Calving Beef Systems, Doug G. Landblom, Hubert H. Patterson, Pat Johnson, Roger Gates, Steve Paisley, Doug Young
Effects Of Weaning Date And Retained Ownership On Cow And Calf Performance And Forage Disappearance In Spring Calving Beef Systems, Doug G. Landblom, Hubert H. Patterson, Pat Johnson, Roger Gates, Steve Paisley, Doug Young
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Researchers in North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming are working together to evaluate the effect of weaning calves 75 days earlier than normal and are following the calves through finishing. This report summarizes accomplishments so far. Briefly, weaning calves 75 days early (mid-August) has improved cow weight and condition score compared to cows whose calves were weaned normally (early-November). Native range forage disappearance has tended to be lower when calves were weaned early. After weaning, backgrounded early weaned steers grew faster and were more efficient. However, early weaned steers required 61 more days on feed to reach final harvest.
Response Of Cow-Calf Pairs To Water High In Sulfates, Hubert Patterson, Pat Johnson, George Perry, Roger Gates, Ron Haigh
Response Of Cow-Calf Pairs To Water High In Sulfates, Hubert Patterson, Pat Johnson, George Perry, Roger Gates, Ron Haigh
South Dakota Beef Report, 2005
Data from our laboratory showed water sulfate levels of 3,000 ppm reduced performance and health of growing steers during summer months. In addition, water averaging 2,600 ppm in sulfates for cow-calf pairs had little impact on calf growth or milk production, but caused small reductions in cow BW and body condition score (BCS). This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of high sulfate water on cow and calf performance, milk production, and reproduction. Ninety-six crossbred, lactating cows (ages 2-13; average calving date of April 14) and their calves were assigned, after stratifying by age, weight, and previous winter management, …