Life Sciences Commons^™

Identification Of Genes Associated With Water Restriction Expressed In The Renal Cortex And Hypothalamus In Cattle, W. V. A. H. Chathurika, M. G. Gonda, Z. Mcdaniel, C. L. Wright, J. L. Gonzalez-Hernandez, J. Clapper

SDSU Beef Day 2020 Summary Publication

The short-term objective of this study is to discover genes associated with water restriction expressed in the renal cortex and hypothalamus in beef calves. The long-term goal is to understand genes and pathways important for thirst response in cattle. This knowledge may lead to discovery of genetic variants associated with water intake. Identification of animals with genetic potential to grow and thrive under drought conditions would be an asset to beef producers and communities which rely on beef production for a large part of their livelihoods. Both selected tissue types are known to be involved in response to hypertonicity (e.g., …

Effect Of Grazing Prairie Dog—Colonized Rangeland On Cattle Nutrition And Performance: A Progress Report, Kenneth C. Olson, Christopher Schauer, Chanda Engel, Janna J. Kincheloe, Jameson R. Brennan, Ben L. Hauptman

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

On the Ground

• One objective of the ongoing Renewal on Standing Rock Reservation project is to evaluate the response of grazing steers to the level of prairie dog colonization on Northern Mixed Grass Prairie.
• We fenced four pastures to create an increasing gradient of a proportion of the pasture area colonized by prairie dogs. Pastures are stocked with yearling steers during each growing season.
• Comparing steer performance, Global Positioning System (GPS) locations of grazing, diet samples, and ingestive behavior at each proportion of the prairie dog colony per pasture allows prediction of the optimal proportion of colonization, which enables selection …

Beefsd: An Integrated And Intensive Extension Curriculum For Beginning Beef Cattle Producers In South Dakota, K. Olson, Julie Walker, S. Hadrick

Animal Science Faculty Publications

The average age of beef producers in the USis 58 and increasing. A need exists to increase theopportunity and success for the next generation of beefcattle producers. Extension at SDSU and South DakotaFarm Bureau Federation partnered to address this byproviding a 3-year educational program that assistedbeginning beef cow-calf ranchers in South Dakota tobecome economically, ecologically, and sociallysustainable producers. The goal was to present a curriculumthat contributed to future agricultural production, landstewardship, and rural community viability. The learningobjectives were to provide: (1) evaluation of alternativeproduction systems, (2) an integrated understanding of theentire US beef cattle industry, and (3) development ofindividual cattle …

Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations Of Beef Cattle Consuming A Similar Amount Of Dietary Energy Supplied By Different Ingredients, Aimee Wertz-Lutz, Jeff Clapper, Jenny Thurlow, Donald Beitz, Allen Trenkle

South Dakota Beef Report, 2007

Previous research demonstrated that restricting nutrient intake by decreasing DMI of a high-grain diet increased plasma ghrelin concentrations. Objectives of this experiment were to determine 1) whether dietary ingredient composition influenced plasma ghrelin concentrations when energy intake was similar, and 2) whether relationships existed between plasma ghrelin concentrations and plasma insulin, NEFA, and GH concentrations or end-products of carbohydrate fermentation in the rumen. Five steers (1290 ± 39.9 lb) were used in a crossover design with dietary treatments of 50% hay-50% concentrate (HAY) offered at an amount that would meet the steer’s NEm requirement plus supply an additional 3.5 Mcal …

Relationship Of Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations With End-Products Of Carbohydrate Fermentation For Beef Cattle During A Feeding Interval, Aimee Wertz-Lutz, Jay Daniel, Jeff Clapper, Allen Trenkle, Donald Beitz

South Dakota Beef Report, 2007

Four steers (BW 1281±28.2 lb) were used to determine the relationship of plasma ghrelin concentrations with end-products of carbohydrate fermentation and hormones and metabolites indicative of nutrition status during a 12-h feeding interval. A common high-energy diet was offered at 240% of the intake necessary for BW maintenance (2.4xM) or 80% of the intake necessary for BW maintenance (0.8xM). At initiation of period I, 2 steers were allowed 2.4xM intake, whereas intake for the remaining 2 steers was restricted to 0.8xM. Equal aliquots of feed were offered at 0800 and at 2000 h. On 7, 14, and 21 d following …

Prolonged, Moderate Nutrient Restriction In Beef Cattle Results In Persistently-Elevated Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations, Aimee Wertz-Lutz, Jay Daniel, Jeff Clapper, Allen Trenkle, Donald Beitz

South Dakota Beef Report, 2007

Four steers (BW 1281±28.2 kg) were used in a crossover design to determine the effects of prolonged, moderate energy and protein restriction on plasma ghrelin and GH concentrations. A common high-energy diet was offered at 240% of the intake necessary for BW maintenance (2.4xM) or 80% of the intake necessary for BW maintenance (0.8xM). As a common starting point, all steers were adjusted to 2.4xM during a 23-d pre-trial adaptation period. At initiation of period 1, 2 steers remained at 2.4xM, whereas intake for the remaining 2 steers was restricted to 0.8xM. Feed allotments were offered twice daily in equal …

Association Of Leptin Gene Markers With Carcass Traits In Beef Cattle, Angela M. Sanborn, Artur J.M. Rosa, Stacy J. Linblom, Anna R. Taylor

South Dakota Beef Report, 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate four genetic markers on the leptin gene for association with carcass traits in three crossbred families. Three half-sib families were developed from crossbred sires. Families 1, 2, and 3 comprised 26, 21, and 66 offspring, respectively (n = 113). The genetic background of the sires, dams, and offspring was 1/3 Angus, 1/3 Hereford, 1/3 Simmental. Carcass traits collected were finished weight, hot carcass weight (HCW), marbling score, Quality Grade, Longissimus muscle area (LMA), rib fat, Yield Grade, and percent kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPH). The four markers analyzed were located on …

Comparison Of The Efficiency And Accuracy Of Three Estrous Detection Methods To Indicate Ovulation In Beef Cattle, George A. Perry

South Dakota Beef Report, 2005

The ability to successfully artificially inseminate cattle requires determining the appropriate time to inseminate. Therefore, detection of standing estrus is a major factor in the success or failure of most artificial insemination programs. The objective of these experiments was to determine the efficiency and accuracy of three estrous detection methods (visual, penile deviated bull, and Estrus Alert estrous detection aids) to determine if animals were going to ovulate. Fifty-three postpartum beef cows were synchronized with an injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) followed by an injection of prostaglandin F2_ (PG) seven days later. Estrus was monitored for 72 hours following …

Kappe_Casein And Beta-Lactoglobulin Genotype Effects On Milk Production And Maternal Calf Growth Traits In Crossbred Beef Cattle, D. A. Henderson, D. M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1996

Cows were genotyped at the kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin loci and evaluated for milk yield, calf birth weight, weaning weight, and average daily gain from birth to 109 days and from birth to 21 1 days of age. The interaction of breed-group with genotype was significant for milk yield at both loci. Cow genotype and additive allelic effects were significant or approached significance for both measures of calf average daily gain and weaning weight at the kappa-casein locus. Cow genotype and additive allelic effects were significant for calf average daily gain to 109 days at the beta-lactoglobulin locus. Cow genotype approached …

Effects Of Level Of Concentration On Utilization Of Mature Prairie Hay By Steers, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 1993

A trial involving total tract digestibility and ruminal in situ disappearance was conducted to determine effects of level of concentrate supplement on utilization of mature prairie hay by beef steers. Supplemental treatments included CONTROL (no supplement) and combinations of corn and soybean meal to provide .66 1b of ruminally degradable protein from increasing amounts of concentrate supplement (LOW = 2.16 Ib/day, MEDIUM = 6.28 Ib/day, and HIGH = 10.38 Ib/day). Steers receiving higher levels of concentrate supplements (MEDIUM and HIGH) exhibited decreased intake (P<.01) and digestibility (P<.01) of mature prairie hay. Supplementation with the low level of high crude protein supplement (LOW) resulted in improved dry matter intake (P<.01) and digestibility (P<.02) of mature prairie hay. Apparent dry matter digestibility of the total diet increased (P<.05) as level of concentrate supplement increased. Supplementation with the high level of concentrate supplement (HIGH) decreased disappearance of dry matter (P<.05) and neutral detergent fiber (P<.05) from the rumen and depressed ruminal pH (P<.01) at 4, 8, and 12 hours post-supplementation. Results of this trial confirm the benefits of low levels of high crude protein, all natural supplements on utilization of mature forages and indicate that high levels of high starch supplements will depress utilization of mature prairie hay.

Breeding System Effects On Production Efficiency Through Weaning-Preliminary Results, D. M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1992

Preliminary results are presented on production efficiency for a comparison of two-breed rotational crossbreeding to the terminal phase of a rotational-terminal combination system with Charolais as the terminal sire breed. The breeding system comparisons were made within each of three types of dam: Simmental x Hereford, Angus x Hereford, and Tarentaise x Hereford. The two breeding systems had similar average values for dam size, condition score, and feed ME through weaning. Results indicate an increase for terminal matings compared to rotational matings in terms of weaning weight and efficiency ratio (calf weaning weight/dam and calf feed ME) within the Angus …

Effect Of Source And Level Of Supplemental Protein On Performance Of Postpartum Range Cows, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt

South Dakota Beef Report, 1992

Two postpartum grazing trials were conducted from early March to mid May in consecutive years to determine the effects of supplemental rumen escape protein on the performance of spring calving beef cows grazing native range. Simmental x Angus cows were allotted within 7 to 14 days of calving to three supplement treatments formulated to provide equal amounts of energy from corn, soybean meal, and a combination of blood meal and corn gluten meal. Cows supplemented with corn lost more weight than cows supplemented with soybean meal. Supplemental escape protein did not improve weight gains over the soybean meal supplement. Supplemental …

Effects Of Level Of Concentrate And Forage Availability On The Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Winter Range, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt, C. A. Tusler, P. S. Johnson

South Dakota Beef Report, 1992

Two winter grazing trials were conducted on consecutive years to determine the effect of level of concentrate supplement and amount of forage available on performance of cows grazing dormant winter range. Simmental x Angus cows were fed concentrate supplements containing combinations of corn and soybean meal at either high, medium or low levels. Supplements were formulated to provide .7 Ib of crude protein during year 1 and .51 Ib of rumen degradable crude protein in year 2. Two pastures with differing amounts of available forage were grazed each year. In year 1, the amount of available forage had a greater …

Milk Production In First-Lactation Beef Heifers, D. M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1991

Milk production was estimated by weigh-suckle-weigh procedures at six dates during the first lactation of 250 first-calf beef heifers representing several crossbred types. The effect of dam breed group on milk yield was significant for each measurement date. The effect of calf sex on milk intake was significant or at least approached significance for the three earliest measurement dates but was nonsignificant for the last three dates. Compared to milk production at an average of 51 days, production at 79 days was similar, while production estimated at later stages of lactation declined. Estimated milk production during later lactation was less …

Interrelationships Of Heifer Milk Production And Other Biological Traits With Production Efficiency To Weaning, B.A. Freking, D.M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1990

Interrelationships among milk production, cow-calf feed efficiency and other biological traits were evaluated on first-calf females and their calves. Production efficiency was defined as cumulative feed metabolizable energy consumed by the dam-calf pair during the year divided by calf weaning weight. Results indicated that increased levels of milk production were associated with improved production efficiency to weaning as long as calves have the genetic potential to convert the extra milk into body weight gains. However, the incremental improvement in efficiency per unit of increased milk was less for each additional unit of milk.

Relationship Of Relative Calving Date Of Beef Heifers To Production Efficiency And Subsequent Reproductive Performance, D.M. Marshall, W. Minqiang, B. A. Freking

South Dakota Beef Report, 1989

Relative date of first calving of beef heifers was studied in relation to production efficiency and subsequent reproductive performance. Crossbred heifers were managed in drylot for 1 year, providing for measurement of feed intake through weaning of the first calf. Production traits were evaluated by calving group (CG), where CG1 included records of heifers calving (and calves born) in the first 21 days of the calving season for a particular year, CG2 included those calving from 22 through 42 days and CG3 included those calving after 42 days. Calving groups did not differ significantly for preweaning calf average daily gain, …

Comparison Of Sire Expected Progeny Differences To Actual Performance Of Crossbred Offspring, B.A. Freking, D.M. Marshall

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

Actual performance of crossbred calves produced at the Antelope Range Livestock Station was evaluated and compared to the sire's expected progeny differences (EPDs) as reported in 1988 beef breed association sire summaries. Comparisons were made between high EPD and low EPD sire groups in retrospect for actual birth weight and weaning weight performance of crossbred progeny. Separate analyses were completed for Polled Hereford, Simmental, Tarentaise and Angus sires. Progeny of high EPD sires ranked higher for average birth weight than progeny of low EPD sires for all sire breeds. Rankings for calf weaning weight were less consistent than for birth …

Relationship Of Sire Expected Progeny Differences To Maternal Performance Of First-Calf Daughters In A Commercial Herd, D.M. Marshall, B.A. Freking

South Dakota Beef Report, 1988

Maternal performance for first calf production was evaluated in retrospect for daughters whose sires had expected progeny differences (EPDs) available from 1988 beef breed association national genetic evaluation summaries. When grouped into high EPD and low EPD groups, sire EPD group averages for actual daughter milk production and weaning weights of daughters' off spring consistently ranked the same as sire group average EPDs for milk and maternal weaning weight, although differences between groups were not statistically significant.