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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Studying Virus Cell Interactiosn: Finding New Ways To Prevent Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis In Cattle, C. C.L. Chase, L. J. Braun, J. R. Jessen, D. J. Hurley
Studying Virus Cell Interactiosn: Finding New Ways To Prevent Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis In Cattle, C. C.L. Chase, L. J. Braun, J. R. Jessen, D. J. Hurley
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
lnfectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR; bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1); Rednose) is one of several cattle respiratory viruses that plays a large role in the shipping fever complex. One of the major problems with IBR is that like other herpesviruses, once animals are infected they carry the virus for life. Investigations in our laboratory have been aimed at understanding how the IBR virus gets into cells. By understanding the mechanism that the virus uses we hope to develop strategies to prevent IBR infection. Our investigations indicate that IBR grows only in actively growing cells like those found in the upper respiratory tract …
Structural Changes In Fed Cattle Industry: South Dakota Vs. United States, D. C. Taylor
Structural Changes In Fed Cattle Industry: South Dakota Vs. United States, D. C. Taylor
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Between 1973 and 1993, there has been a major shift of fed cattle production in the United States from the Midwest and Southwest to the Central and Southern Plains. Average marketings per feedlot per year in the nation's 13 major cattle feeding states have more than doubled; average marketings per feedlot in AZ, CA, and WA are now 15,000 head or more. The degree to which the concentration has taken place in different states and regions is highly variant. South Dakota's average fed cattle marketings per feedlot have doubled over the past two decades. However, growth in fed cattle marketings …
Strict Enforcement Of Zero Tolerance: Effect On Carcass Weight And Dressing Percent, D. M. Feuz, J. J. Wagner
Strict Enforcement Of Zero Tolerance: Effect On Carcass Weight And Dressing Percent, D. M. Feuz, J. J. Wagner
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Strict enforcement of "Zero Tolerance" regulations in the beef industry is a concern to producers and beef packers. Data on over 1,500 steers, fed and slaughtered over a four period, as part of the South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration Project were used to estimate the cost to producers of zero tolerance enforcement. Regression analysis was used to estimate hot carcass weight and dressing percent using the first three years data (time period prior to zero tolerance enforcement). Hot carcass weight and dressing percent were then predicted for year four. On average 13.8 Ib of additional hot carcass weight was predicted …
Survey For Verotoxic Escherichia Coli In Preharvest Beef Production Environments In South Dakota, C. Reitsma, D. R. Henning
Survey For Verotoxic Escherichia Coli In Preharvest Beef Production Environments In South Dakota, C. Reitsma, D. R. Henning
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Evaluation of fecal swabs from 140 slaughter beef animals in South Dakota in the months of July through September 1993 and 1994 did not yield any Escherichia coli 01 57:H7. In like manner, the evaluation of 126 ground beef samples was negative for this microorganism. Fecal swabs and ground beef samples were obtained from all sections of the state. The slaughter facilities were inspected by the South Dakota Department of Agriculture's Animal lndustries Board. There were 167 isolates of strains of E. coli with the gene for production of verotoxins. The significance of these organisms to cattlemen and consumers is …
Can Beef Tallow Make A Comeback?, J. A. Henson, J. R. Romans
Can Beef Tallow Make A Comeback?, J. A. Henson, J. R. Romans
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
A study was conducted to evaluate the use of soybean oil (SBO), beef tallow (TAL) and a 50% SBO 50% TAL blend (50150) in frying three fast-food type products (french fries, chicken nuggets, and beef fingers). Frying french fries in SBO resulted in higher cooking yields (P< .05) than frying in 50150 or TAL. No differences among oils were seen (P>.05) in color development during frying french fries. Consumer taste panelists preferred the flavor and overall acceptability (P< .05) of french fries fried in SBO and 50150 over those fried in TAL. The cooking yield of chicken nuggets was highest (P<.05) for SBO followed by 50150 (P<.05) followed by TAL. Chicken nuggets fried in 50150 were darker (P<.05) than those fried in SBO. Consumer taste panelists could not distinguish (P>.05) between oil types for flavor, crispness, or overall acceptability of chicken nuggets. Beef fingers fried in 50150 were the most red in color (P< .05) followed by TAL (P< .05) followed by SBO. Consumer taste panelists were unable to differentiate between oils (P>.05) for flavor, crispness, or overall acceptability of beef fingers.
Effects Of Melengestrol Acetat (Mga) And Prostaglandin On Blood Serum Progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone, And Reproductive Performance In Beef Cows, I. A. Sohaili, H. L. Miller, D. D. Zalesky, M. B. Long
Effects Of Melengestrol Acetat (Mga) And Prostaglandin On Blood Serum Progesterone, Luteinizing Hormone, And Reproductive Performance In Beef Cows, I. A. Sohaili, H. L. Miller, D. D. Zalesky, M. B. Long
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
A study utilizing 64 Angus and Simmental multiparous beef cows was conducted to evaluate the administration of MGA-PGF on the onset of estrus, conception rate, and to determine blood serum hormone profiles (P, & LH). Cows utilized were at least 30 days postpartum and stratified by age, breed, and days postpartum into two groups: a treatment group (n=32) which received MGA orally for 14 days and a control group (n = 32) which did not receive MGA. Cows in the study were bled weekly for 9 weeks to monitor serum P, levels. Cows with serum P4 ≥ 1 ng/mL were …
Evaluation Of Hoof Circumference To Predict Birth Weight, R. J. Pruitt, K. Van Der Wal, M. Britt
Evaluation Of Hoof Circumference To Predict Birth Weight, R. J. Pruitt, K. Van Der Wal, M. Britt
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Records from 81 calves showed that hoof circumference is an unreliable predictor of birth weight. A hoof tape predicted only 25.9% of birth weights within 2 Ib of actual birth weight. For 29.6% of the calves the error in predicting birth weight was over 10 Ib.
Livestock Manure: A Nonpoint Source Environmental Hazard In South Dakota?, D. C. Taylor, D. H. Rickerd
Livestock Manure: A Nonpoint Source Environmental Hazard In South Dakota?, D. C. Taylor, D. H. Rickerd
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
This exploratory study shows estimated manure nutrient loadings on cropland for 78 selected feedlots in South Dakota to be 4.7 times greater than for 62 selected cow-calf operations. For 44% of feedlots studied, the estimated amounts of manure nitrogen (N) spread on cropland exceed the 75 Ib/acre fertilizer N level recommended for corn with a 100 bu/A yield goal. For 40% of feedlots and 23% of cow-calf operations, amounts of manure N dropping on pasture exceed the 38 Ib/A recommended fertilizer N level for pasture land. Since the design capacity of feedlots covered in the study is nearly 10 times …
Sequencing Of Feed Ingredients For Ration Mixing, J. J. Wagner
Sequencing Of Feed Ingredients For Ration Mixing, J. J. Wagner
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Alternative methods of sequencing ration ingredients into a mixer wagon were evaluated using a 13.53% roughage finishing diet. Batches A and B evaluated the addition of grass hay to a triple auger mixer either last or first, respectively. Batches C and D examined adding liquid supplement to a reel type mixer either immediately after the addition of corn or first, respectively. Three samples were obtained from each batch after 2, 4, 6 and 8 minutes. The coefficient of variation among acid detergent fiber levels at each time period for each batch was used as the criterion for determining adequacy of …
Effect Of A Yeast Culture Product (Yea-Sacc) On Feedlot Performance Of Yearling Cattle Self-Fed An All-Concentrate Finishing Diet, C. P. Birkelo, B. Rops
Effect Of A Yeast Culture Product (Yea-Sacc) On Feedlot Performance Of Yearling Cattle Self-Fed An All-Concentrate Finishing Diet, C. P. Birkelo, B. Rops
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Seventy-two yearling steers (initial weight 793 Ib) were allotted to 8 pens and self-fed a finishing diet consisting of 91 % whole shelled corn and 9% pelleted supplement without or with Yea-Sacc (11 g per day). Feed was provided to each pen approximately every 3days in amounts necessary to provide constant access during the 109-day trial. No treatment differences were detected for any of the feedlot performance or carcass characteristics measured. The occurrence of acidosis was high in both treatments as evidenced by the higher percentage of abscessed livers (40%). The feeding of Yea-Sacc did not have any beneficial effect …
Dosages Of Laidlomycin Propionate For Receiving And Growing Diets Fed To Steer Calves, R. H. Pritchard
Dosages Of Laidlomycin Propionate For Receiving And Growing Diets Fed To Steer Calves, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
The inophore laidlomycin propionate2 (LP) became available in 1995 to improve ADG of cattle fed in confinement. Initial efficacy studies focused on finishing diets and yearling cattle. Limited data are available to quantify the benefits of using LP in calf grower programs. To evaluate LP efficacy for calves, receiving-grower diets based on corn silage were formulated to contain 0, 5.5, or 11 g/T LP and were fed to recently weaned steer calves. Five pens of 10 steers (initial BW = 483 Ib) were assigned to each diet. The grower phase was terminated after 98 days on feed. Final diet ionophore …
Effect Of Anabolic Agents On Marbling In Yearling Crossbred Steers, L. A. Senn, J. J. Wagner
Effect Of Anabolic Agents On Marbling In Yearling Crossbred Steers, L. A. Senn, J. J. Wagner
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
A total of three hundred and twenty-four crossbred yearling steers were used in a two year study to determine the effects of anabolic agents on carcass characteristics. Steers were fed in a commercial feedlot for an average of 123 days, slaughtered and carcass data were collected. Implanted cattle gained significantly more weight (P< .05) than nonimplanted cattle. Steers that were implanted with Revalor-S gained weight more rapidly (P<.05) than Synovex-S implanted cattle. Implants significantly (P<.05) increased hot carcass weights and rib eye area when compared to nonimplanted cattle and Revalor implanted cattle tended (P= .0564) to have heavier hot carcass weights than Synovex implanted cattle. lmplants did not significantly affect yield grades. Implanted steers had lower (P< .05) marbling scores than control steers. Steers that were implanted with Revalor showed a significant (P<.05) decrease in marbling score when compared to the Synovex groups. The percentage of choice carcasses for no implant, Revalor, and Synovex treatments were 78.85, 58.82, and 67.68, respectively.
Crude Protein Content Of Diet Of Cattle Grazing Native And Introduced Pastures, C. A. Tusler, P. S. Johnson, J. J. Wagner, B. F. Sowell
Crude Protein Content Of Diet Of Cattle Grazing Native And Introduced Pastures, C. A. Tusler, P. S. Johnson, J. J. Wagner, B. F. Sowell
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Crude protein contents of diets were compared for steers grazing introduced, high condition native and low condition native grass pastures under spring-deferment or season-long grazing systems. This study was conducted at the SDSU Cottonwood Research Station near Cottonwood, SD, in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Esophageally fistulated steers were used to obtain diet samples throughout the grazing season on all treatments. Esophageal samples were analyzed for crude protein content and data were compared among grazing treatments within each year. In all three years, cattle diets were not limiting until late summer. Contrary to what was expected, diets of cattle on introduced …
Evaluation Of Crude Protein Sources And Levels For High Growth Potential Yearling Steers Fed High Energy Diets, R. H. Pritchard
Evaluation Of Crude Protein Sources And Levels For High Growth Potential Yearling Steers Fed High Energy Diets, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Feedlot cattle are now capable of growth rates that greatly exceed our descriptions for established nutrient requirements. We must now redefined the impact of sources and levels of dietary CP on growth rate and efficiency. Pursuing this question, yearling steers (n = 360 x BW = 790 ± 10) were fed various levels and sources of supplement crude protein during a 120 day finishing period. Diets were formulated to contain 12 or 13% CP. Supplemental CP was provided in the forms of urea, soybean meal, bloodmeal, and feather meal. Actual dietary CP levels of 1 1.8% and 12.6% were lower …
Energetic Response Of Angus And Simmental Crossbred Cows To Low And Moderate Intakes, C. P. Birkelo, B. M. Freking, D. M. Marshall
Energetic Response Of Angus And Simmental Crossbred Cows To Low And Moderate Intakes, C. P. Birkelo, B. M. Freking, D. M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Mature Angus-Hereford (AH; n = 15) and Simmental-Hereford (SH; n = 16) cows were used to evaluate the effects of adaptation to moderate (adequate to at least maintain body condition) and low (76% of moderate) intakes on feed energy partitioning by cows of different genotypes. Cows were fed individually in drylot for one complete production cycle (1 2 months). Conventional energy balance techniques and respiration calorimetry were used once during gestation and twice during lactation to evaluate energy utilization. Condition scores differed by .7 units (5.0 vs 4.3; P< .001) between intake levels by the end of the study. Heat production at 195 days of gestation was affected by intake level (P< .001) but not by genotype (P> .20), and there was no interaction between the main effects (Gxl …
Effect Of A Blood Meal/Corn Gluten Meal Supplement After Calving On Performance Of Cows Grazing Native Range, R. J. Pruitt, J. S. Heldt
Effect Of A Blood Meal/Corn Gluten Meal Supplement After Calving On Performance Of Cows Grazing Native Range, R. J. Pruitt, J. S. Heldt
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
A spring grazing trial was conducted to determine the effect of a supplement with lower rumen degradability (sometimes referred to as escape protein or bypass protein) than soybean meal on cow and calf performance. Three supplement treatments based on corn, soybean meal and blood meallcorn gluten meal were fed to 70 Simmental-Angus crossbred cows grazing native range from early April to late May. There was no advantage to the escape protein as measured by cow weight change, reproductive performance or calf gain. Corn supplemented cows performed similar to soybean meal supplemented cows.
Ground Vs. Unground Ammoniated Oat Hulls For Growing Calves, C. P. Birkelo, B. Rops
Ground Vs. Unground Ammoniated Oat Hulls For Growing Calves, C. P. Birkelo, B. Rops
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
One hundred forty-four steer calves were fed growing diets that contained either 1) 50% ground alfalfa hay (ALF), 2) 25% ground alfalfa hay and 25% ground, ammoniated oat hulls (ALF/GOH), 3) 50% ground, ammoniated oat hulls (GOH) or 4) 50% unground, ammoniated oat hulls (UGOH). Oat hulls were treated with ammonia at 3.3% by weight and enough water to raise the moisture content to approximately 20%. They were allowed to react for 32 days prior to feeding. Daily gains were greater for calves consuming the ammoniated oat hull diets, regardless of form (P<.10). Daily gain differences occurred in spite of the fact that dry matter intake was lower for GOH-fed calves than for the others (P<.10). As a result, feed efficiency was better for the GOH diet than ALF and ALFIGOH (P<.10) but did not differ from UGOH (P>.10). Ammoniated oat hulls, whether ground or …
Wheat Tailings In Feedlot Finishing Diets, C. P. Birkelo, B. Rops
Wheat Tailings In Feedlot Finishing Diets, C. P. Birkelo, B. Rops
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
One hundred twenty-eight yearling steers (average initial weight 854 Ib) were fed one of four finishing diets containing (dry matter basis) either 1) 83% high moisture corn, 2) 44% high moisture corn and 37% high moisture wheat tailings, 3) 82% high moisture wheat tailings, or 4) 42% high moisture corn and 40% dry wheat tailings. Wheat tailings consisted of small wheat kernels removed during cleaning that had low test weights (41.5 to 52.0 Iblbushel) and high vomitoxin levels (1 7 to 42 ppm). High moisture wheat tailings were coursely cracked, reconstituted to 29% moisture, and ensiled. Dry wheat tailings were …
Effects Of Wheat Middlings On Utilization Of Mature Prairie Hay By Steers, J. S. Heldt, R. J. Pruitt
Effects Of Wheat Middlings On Utilization Of Mature Prairie Hay By Steers, J. S. Heldt, R. J. Pruitt
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
A digestibility trial measuring intake, digestibility, ruminal nutrient disappearance, and ruminal pH was conducted to determine the effects of wheat middlings on utilization of mature prairie hay. Treatments included supplements used in a previous winter grazing trial at the SDSU Cottonwood Research Station that were balanced to provide the following amounts of crude protein (Ib) and metabolizable energy (Mcal) per cow daily: 1) soybean meal .75 and 2.40, 2) low wheat middlings .75 and 4.76, 3) corn-soybean meal 1.50 and 9.40, and 4) high wheat middlings 1.50 and 9.40. These supplements were fed to the steers in proportional amounts based …
Evaluation Of Wheat Middlings As A Supplement For Beef Cows Grazing Native Winter Range, J. S. Heldt, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Haigh, D. B. Young
Evaluation Of Wheat Middlings As A Supplement For Beef Cows Grazing Native Winter Range, J. S. Heldt, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Haigh, D. B. Young
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Two winter grazing trials were conducted at the SDSU Cottonwood Research Station near Cottonwood, SD, to compare wheat middlings to soybean meal and corn-soybean meal supplements. In consecutive years, grazing trials from December to February were conducted using Simmental x Angus crossbred cows grazing two pastures with differing amounts of available forage and fed four supplemental treatments that were balanced to provide the following amounts of crude protein (Ib) and metabolizable energy (Mcal) per cow daily: 1) soybean meal .75 and 2.40, 2) low wheat middlings .75 and 4.76, 3) corn-soybean meal 1.50 and 9.40, and 4) high wheat middlings …
Sdsu Beef Cattle Teaching Herd, R. J. Pruitt
Sdsu Beef Cattle Teaching Herd, R. J. Pruitt
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
No abstract provided.
Interpreting Experimental Results, Donald M. Marshall
Interpreting Experimental Results, Donald M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
No abstract provided.
1995 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
1995 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
This is the 1995 South Dakota Beef Report. The articles published in this report summarize many of the beef cattle research activities conducted at South Dakota State University during 1995. The articles in this report have many levels of application. Some information has immediate application for your farm, ranch, or agribusiness. The articles include information on nutrition, management, meat science, growth and development, and economics of the cattle and beef industry in South Dakota.
South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration, J. J. Wagner, L. A. Senn, D. M. Feuz, D. L. Boggs, D.D. Zalesky, J. Krantz
South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration, J. J. Wagner, L. A. Senn, D. M. Feuz, D. L. Boggs, D.D. Zalesky, J. Krantz
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
Three hundred seventy-four calves representing 44 cow-calf producers were consigned to a custom feedlot. Steer calves (254 head) consigned in October weighed 522 Ib initially, gained 2.91 1b per head daily, and averaged 1,100 Ib at slaughter after an average of 200 days on feed. Average cost of gain and profitability were $48.94 per cwt and -$12.03 per head, respectively. Steers consigned in January weighed 71 1 Ib initially, gained 3.07 Ib per head daily, and averaged 1,135 1b at slaughter after 141 days on feed. Average cost of gain and profitability were $43.59 per cwt and -$64.22 per head, …
Effects Of Mga On Prepubertal Crossbred Beef Heifers, L. B. Butler, H. L. Miller, M. B. Long, D. D. Zalesky, D.M. Marshall
Effects Of Mga On Prepubertal Crossbred Beef Heifers, L. B. Butler, H. L. Miller, M. B. Long, D. D. Zalesky, D.M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1995
A study was conducted using 55 prepubertal replacement crossbred beef heifers to determine the effect of feeding MGA to prepubertal heifers on age at puberty. No difference (P= .65) was detected between MGA treated heifers versus control heifers for age at puberty. There was no difference (P= .80) in age at conception to A1 for the two groups.