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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
South Dakota Beef Herd Profitability 1986-1993, Curtis Hoyt, Dan Oedekoven
South Dakota Beef Herd Profitability 1986-1993, Curtis Hoyt, Dan Oedekoven
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
The average profitability of beef cow herds evaluated by the South Dakota Farm Business Management group has ranged from $201 profit in 1987 to $104 profit per cow in 1993. Average total costs per cow in a pasture drylot have increased from $180 in 1986 to $310 in 1993. Average total cow costs of range run have increased from $1 66 in 1986 to $302 in 1993. High profit herds in both range run and pasture drylot had lower 8-year average total costs, $264/cow drylot high profit compared to $272 drylot average (-3%) and $252/ cow range high profit compared …
Predicting The Value Of Feeder Cattle Placed Into An Accelerated Finishing Program Under Dynamic Market Conditions, J. J. Wagner, D. M. Feuz
Predicting The Value Of Feeder Cattle Placed Into An Accelerated Finishing Program Under Dynamic Market Conditions, J. J. Wagner, D. M. Feuz
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
Data from 769 steer calves that were fed as part of the South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration program were used for this study. At feedlot placement, variables that included initial weight, hip height, fat thickness, age, sire breed, and dam breed were recorded on each calf. Calves that were creep fed, vaccinated, and weaned prior to feedlot arrival were identified. 'These initial variables accounted for only 17.16% of the variation in calf value. When using multiple regression techniques to predict calf value, including year, average daily gain, dressing percentage, and quality grade improved R2 to .8275. Initial variables accounted for …
Use Of Futures And Options In A Retained Ownership Program, Dillion M. Feuz
Use Of Futures And Options In A Retained Ownership Program, Dillion M. Feuz
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
Four alternative marketing strategies were evaluated for cattle placed in the South Dakota Retained Ownership Program on October 13, 1993. The strategies were 1) cash marketing only, 2) a futures hedge, 3) a put option, and 4) an options "fence." Each of these market alternatives were described and expected net prices were determined. The actual net prices from using each of these strategies were calculated for three different marketing periods. For steers marketed in April, the cash only alternative provided the highest net price. The options "fence" net price was only $.20/cwt to $.25/cwt lower than the cash price. However, …
Using Ultrasound Techonology In Incoming Feedlot Steers To Predict Marbling And The Effect Of Anabolic Agents On Marbling, L. A. Senn, J. J. Wagner
Using Ultrasound Techonology In Incoming Feedlot Steers To Predict Marbling And The Effect Of Anabolic Agents On Marbling, L. A. Senn, J. J. Wagner
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
One hundred seventy-four mixed crossbred yearling steers (789 Ib) were used to determine if ultrasound technology could be used to predict eventual marbling score in incoming feedlot cattle. Implants were also administered to study the effects of anabolic agents on marbling. Steers were fed in a single pen at a commercial feedlot for an average of 127 days, slaughtered, and carcass data were collected. Implanted cattle gained significantly more weight (P < .05) than nonimplanted cattle. Steers implanted with Revalor gained weight more rapidly than Synovex implanted cattle. Steers that were implanted with Revalor showed a significant decrease in marbling score when compared to no implant and Synovex groups. The percentage of choice carcasses for no implant, Revalor, and Synovex were 65.5, 47.4, and 68.4. The correlation between initial ether extract, as estimated by ultrasound, and marbling score was .45 and a prediction equation including coat color, initial ether extract, and Revalor implant accounted for 26.59% of the variability in the final marbling score.
Effect Of Implant Strategies On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Steers, R. H. Pritchard
Effect Of Implant Strategies On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Steers, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
The role of implant selection on feedlot performance and carcass traits was evaluated in 200 yearling steers. The steers (initial body weight 709 Ib) were implanted on day 1 or day 70 of the 140-day experiment. Implant combinations (day 1 /day 70) included none/none, Synovex-S + Finaplix-S/Synovex-S + Finaplix-S, Ralgro (36 mg)/Revalor, Synovex-S/Revalor, and Ralgro (72 mg)/Revalor. Day 1 implants increased (P < .05) average daily gain and reduced feed/gain through 70 days on feed. During the 71- to 140-day period implanted cattle exhibited higher (P<.05) average daily gain and lower (P<.05) feed/gain than nonimplanted steers. Specific implant combinations were all of comparable value. Implants increased (P< .05) carcass weights by 55 Ib over nonimplanted steers and increased (P< .05) rib eye area 1 in'. Rib fat thickness and rib eye area/cwt carcass were not affected by implanting. The percentage of choice grade carcasses was reduced (P<.05) from 82.5% to 62.3% by implanting. There were no appreciable differences in carcass traits attributable to specific implant combinations.
Effect Of Synovex, Synovex + Finaplix, And Revalor On Daily Gain And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers, C. P. Birkelo, R. Van Der Wal, J. Lounsbery
Effect Of Synovex, Synovex + Finaplix, And Revalor On Daily Gain And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers, C. P. Birkelo, R. Van Der Wal, J. Lounsbery
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
The objective of this study was to determine if there were differences in daily gain and carcass traits of yearling steers implanted with Synovex-S (S), Synovex-S + Finaplix-S (S + F), or Revalor-S (R). Upon arrival at the feedlot, 264 steers (average weight 731 Ib) were allotted to 24 pens and adapted to a 90% concentrate diet over a period of 23 days. They were implanted on day 20 with either S, S+F, or R. No differences were found between S + F and R (P>.10) at any time during the study. However, combination implants (S+F and R) both …
Effect Of Morning, Evening Or Twice Daily Feeding On Yearling Steer Performance, J. S. Knutsen, J. J. Vetos, R. H. Pritchard
Effect Of Morning, Evening Or Twice Daily Feeding On Yearling Steer Performance, J. S. Knutsen, J. J. Vetos, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
The impact of morning (0730), evening (1 600), and twice daily (0730/1600) feeding on feedlot performance was evaluated in yearling steers fed high grain diets. Exp. 1 was conducted from July 20 to October 12, 1993. The 92% concentrate diets were based on dry whole shelled corn. There were four pen replicates per treatment. Exp. 2 was conducted from January 6 to May 10, 1994. The 93% concentrate diets were based on a 50/50 blend of dry whole shelled corn and high moisture corn. There were six pen replicates per treatment. In Exp. 1 evening feeding increased (P<.06) average daily gain and improved (P< .06) feed/gain over morning feeding. The most pronounced effects were during the initial 28 days of the 84-day experiment. Performance of steers fed twice daily was intermediate to evening and morning treatments. Twice daily feeding improved performance over morning feeding (average daily gain, P<.10; feed/gain P<.01). Most of this response occurred during the final 28 days of the experiment. During Exp. 2 there were treatment effects on interim period performance but no responses (P>.10) occurred …
Use Of Ultrasound In Reproductive Management Of Beef Cow Herds, Douglas D. Zalesky
Use Of Ultrasound In Reproductive Management Of Beef Cow Herds, Douglas D. Zalesky
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
The use of ultrasound technology in reproductive management of beef cow herds is currently being evaluated in ongoing projects with cooperator herds in South Dakota. The projects include the use of ultrasound for the purposes of evaluating 1) cycling activity of heifers on estrous synchronization programs immediately prior to breeding and 2) early pregnancy detection and aging of fetuses in heifers and mature cows. Information obtained from these images will be used by producers to make management decisions associated with the breeding season, selection of heifers, and nutrition. Ovaries are evaluated for the presence of follicles and a corpus luteum, …
Effects Of Progesterone Or Progesterone And Gnrh Administration On Blood Serum Progesterone, Estradiol And Luteinizing Hormone In Prepuberal Beef Heifers, C. L. Henderson, H. L. Miller, M. B. Long, D. M. Marshall
Effects Of Progesterone Or Progesterone And Gnrh Administration On Blood Serum Progesterone, Estradiol And Luteinizing Hormone In Prepuberal Beef Heifers, C. L. Henderson, H. L. Miller, M. B. Long, D. M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
A study using twelve prepuberal Angus heifers was conducted to determine the effects that synthetic progesterone with or without gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) had on blood serum concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, and luteinizing hormone (LH) over a 48-hour period. Four heifers were given an implant containing the synthetic progestogen norgestomet for 9 days. Four other heifers were given a similar implant and also received an injection of GnRH after implant removal. The remaining four heifers served as controls and received no treatment. Serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations did not differ between treatments (P> .8). Heifers receiving norgestomet and GnRH had increased …
Effect Of Weaning Date On Performance Of Beef Cows, R. J. Pruitt, P. A. Momont
Effect Of Weaning Date On Performance Of Beef Cows, R. J. Pruitt, P. A. Momont
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
Records from 92 mature crossbred cows calving in March and April were used to determine the effect of weaning calves 40 days earlier than the traditional weaning time on cow weight change, body condition, and reproductive performance. When calves were weaned early (September 14 versus October 231, their dams gained more weight from September 14 to early December and had higher body condition scores in December than the dams of later weaned calves. The two nutritional treaments imposed after calving were important in explaining the effects of earlier weaning on cow reproductive performance. For cows that were fed grass hay …
Relationship Of Beef Sire Birth Weight And Weaning Weight Expected Progeny Differences To Actual Performance Of Crossbred Offspring, M. B. Long, D. M. Marshall
Relationship Of Beef Sire Birth Weight And Weaning Weight Expected Progeny Differences To Actual Performance Of Crossbred Offspring, M. B. Long, D. M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
Performance records from 1982 to 1992 on 1365 calves for birth weight (BW) and 1492 calves for weaning weight (WW) were analyzed to estimate relationships of purebred sire expected progeny difference (EPD) values for BW and WW to actual crossbred progeny performance. Sires of the calves were Polled Hereford, Simmental, Angus, Salers, Tarentaise, or Charolais. The pooled-across-breed regressions (Ib/lb + SE) of BW and WW of calves on sire EPD were 1 .I 7 ±.31 and .75 + .28, respectively. Residual correlations of BW with BW EPD and WW with WW EPD were .I6 (P< -01) and .05 (P= .10), respectively. Additional regression and residual correlation analyses were conducted in which records from progeny of low-accuracy sires (Acc. < .50) were deleted. The reduced data set included 967 records for BW and 962 records for WW. The pooled-across-breed regressions (Ib/lb + SE) of BW and WW of calves on higher-accuracy sire EPD were 1.28 + .35 and .71 ± .31, respectively. Residual correlations using higher-accuracy sire data of BW with BW EPD and WW with WW EPD were .I8 (P<.01) and .09 (P = .02). Breeders who use BW and WW EPDs as a selection tool should expect such selection to be effective, on average, and reasonably consistent with theoretical expectation. However, some sires and small progeny groups may not rank as expected based on sire EPDs.
Breed-Type And Mating System Effects On Beef Cattle Carcass Characteristics, D. M. Marshall
Breed-Type And Mating System Effects On Beef Cattle Carcass Characteristics, D. M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
The effects of dam breed-type (Simmental x Hereford, Angus x Hereford, and Tarentaise x Hereford) and mating system (rotational versus rota-terminal) on carcass characteristics were evaluated. Means for dam breed-type and mating system were adjusted in separate analyses to one of three slaughter endpoints: 437-day slaughter age, 734-lb carcass weight, or .49 inches of carcass fat thickness. Calves from Simmental x Hereford dams had heavier carcasses compared to the other two dam breed-types when adjusted to a constant slaughter age or fat thickness. Calves from Angus x Hereford dams tended to have more external fat, smaller rib eye area, and …
Evaluation Of Wheat Middlings As A Supplement For Beef Cows Grazing Native Winter Range, J. S. Heldt, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Haigh, D. B. Young
Evaluation Of Wheat Middlings As A Supplement For Beef Cows Grazing Native Winter Range, J. S. Heldt, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Haigh, D. B. Young
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
A winter grazing trial was conducted at the SDSU Cottonwood Research Station near Cottonwood, SD, to compare wheat middlings to soybean meal and corn-soybean meal supplements. During December and January 122 pregnant Simmental-Angus crossbred cows grazing two pastures with differing amounts of available forage were fed four supplemental treatments that provided the following amounts of crude protein (Ib) and metabolizable energy (Mcal) per cow daily: I) soybean meal .75 and 2.40, 2) corn-soybean meal 1.50 and 9.40, 3) low wheat middlings .75 and 4.76, and 4) high wheat middlings 1.50 and 9.40. Cows grazing the high available forage pasture gained …
Effect Of Corn Processing And Reconstitution In High Grain Diets On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Steers And Heifers, M. A. Robbins, R. H. Pritchard
Effect Of Corn Processing And Reconstitution In High Grain Diets On Feedlot Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Steers And Heifers, M. A. Robbins, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
A 167-day feedlot trial was conducted to examine the effects of corn processing and reconstitution on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. Initial weights of the continental cross steers (n = 95) and heifers (n =63) were 690 and 680 Ib, respectively. Diets were 84.5% corn, 7.0% ground grass hay, 4.9% soybean meal, and 3.6% liquid supplement. The grain component of the diet was either dry whole corn (WC), dry rolled corn (RC), corn reconstituted at least 12 h before rolling (RRC), or corn reconstituted with a commercial surfactant3 at least 12 hours before rolling (CRC). Monensin and …
Effect Of Corn Processing And Reconstitution On The Digestibility Of High Grain Diets, M. A. Robbins, R. H. Pritchard
Effect Of Corn Processing And Reconstitution On The Digestibility Of High Grain Diets, M. A. Robbins, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
Twelve steers (body weight 955 Ib + 37) were allotted to a 4 x 4 Latin square design digestion trial to examine the effects of corn processing on feed utilization. The grain component of the diet was either dry whole corn (WC), dry rolled corn (RC), corn reconstituted 12 hours before rolling (RRC), or corn reconstituted with a commercial surfactant3 12 hours before rolling (CRC). Dry matter content of the WC, RC, RRC, and CRC diets were 87.91, 87.30, 82.1 9, and 82.14%, respectively. Treatment had no effect on the digestibilities of dry matter (71.00% ± 1.57), organic matter (72.22% …
Effect Of A Yeast Culture Product (Yea-Sacc) On Feedlot Performance Of Growing Calves Limit-Fed A High Concentrate Diet, C. P. Birkelo, B. Rops
Effect Of A Yeast Culture Product (Yea-Sacc) On Feedlot Performance Of Growing Calves Limit-Fed A High Concentrate Diet, C. P. Birkelo, B. Rops
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
Eighty weaned steer calves (initial weight 535 Ib) were blocked by weight, allotted within block to 8 pens and limit-fed a high concentrate diet without (CONT) or with Yea-Sacc (YS; 13 g per day). The diet consisted of 69% whole, high moisture corn, 20% ground alfalfa hay, 2% molasses, and 9% supplement (dry matter basis). The diet was fed once daily for an average of 99 days in amounts calculated to result in CONT calf daily gain of 2.25 Ib. As intended, dry matter intakes of calves on the two treatments were identical (13.3 Ib/day). Daily gains averaged 2.40 and …
Effect Of Yeast Culture Product (Yea-Sacc) On Feedlot Performance Of Yearling Cattle Fed A High Concentrate Finishing Diet, C. P. Birkelo, R. K. Berg
Effect Of Yeast Culture Product (Yea-Sacc) On Feedlot Performance Of Yearling Cattle Fed A High Concentrate Finishing Diet, C. P. Birkelo, R. K. Berg
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
The objective of this study was to determine if yeast culture (Yea-Sacc, Alltech, Inc., USA) affects feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers fed a corn-based finishing diet containing less than 10% roughage. Crossbred yearlings (1 08 steers, avg 874 Ib) were fed a rolled corn diet (8.44% ground alfalfa hay) without (CON) or with Yea-Sacc (YS, 9 g per head per day) for 95 days. Final weights were 15 1b greater (P < .07) for YS steers than CON as a result of a 12.3% increase in daily gain between day 29 and day 57 (P<.03). Daily gains were 4.1 % greater for YS-fed steers overall (P<.07). Dry matter intake was not affected by treatment (P> .20). Feed efficiency tended to be improved for YS steers between day 29 and day 57 (P< .1 1) but did not differ at other times or overall (P> .20). Treatment increased carcass weights by 13 1b (P …
Effect Of Supplement Crude Protein Source And Dietary Crude Protein Levels On Feedlot Performance Of Yearling Steers, R. H. Pritchard
Effect Of Supplement Crude Protein Source And Dietary Crude Protein Levels On Feedlot Performance Of Yearling Steers, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
The effect of crude protein level and source on production rates of yearling steers was evaluated during an 88-day finishing period. The overall average daily gain of 240 steers implanted with Revalor was 4.35 Ib. Diets were formulated to contain 1 1.25 and 13.5% crude protein. Protein sources included urea, soybean meal, an isonitrogenous blend of blood mealcorn gluten meal (BM-CGM) and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Increasing dietary crude protein from 11.5 to 13.3% with all urea supplements depressed (P<.05) dry matter intake without compromising average daily gain or feed efficiency. Feeding soybean meal in 1 1 .I % crude protein diets improved the energetic efficiency of steers. The BM-CGM supplement depressed (P<.051 dry matter intake and average daily gain when compared to the 11.5% crude protein soybean meal diet. The 13.6% crude protein diet containing 11 % DDGS and urea supported performance comparable to the 11.1 % soybean meal diet at a lower cost.
Interpreting Experimental Results, Donald M. Marshall
Interpreting Experimental Results, Donald M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
No abstract provided.
Net Energy Of Finishing Diets Containing Light Or Normal Test Weight Corn, C. P. Birkelo, R. H. Pritchard, M. Buhman, S. Grosch, C. Willms
Net Energy Of Finishing Diets Containing Light Or Normal Test Weight Corn, C. P. Birkelo, R. H. Pritchard, M. Buhman, S. Grosch, C. Willms
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
Net energy (NE) of diets containing 77.7% whole corn of either normal (53.8 Ib/bushel, NC) or light (40.8 Ib/bushel, LC) test weight was determined by total collection and indirect respiration calorimetry using six crossbred steers (avg wt 327 kg). Diet treatments were applied in a switchback design. The steers were initially adapted to ad libitum intake of either NC or LC diets for 32 days followed by 7 days total feces and urine collection. Gaseous exchange was subsequently measured for at least 48 hours. Intake was then reduced to an estimated 1.1 times maintenance for 6 days and collections were …
1994 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
1994 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
This is the 1994 South Dakota Beef Report. The articles published in this report summarize many of the beef cattle research activities conducted at South Dakota State University during 1994. The articles in this report have many levels of application. Some information has immediate application for your farm, ranch, or agribusiness. The articles include information on nutrition , breeding and genetics, management, health, growth and development, and economics of the cattle and beef industry in South Dakota.
South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration, J. J. Wagner, L. A. Senn, D. M. Feuz, D. L. Boggs, D.D. Zalesky, B. Knutson
South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration, J. J. Wagner, L. A. Senn, D. M. Feuz, D. L. Boggs, D.D. Zalesky, B. Knutson
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
Seven hundred six calves representing 81 cow-calf producers were consigned to a custom feedlot. Steer calves (421 head) consigned in October weighed 562 Ib initially, gained 2.75 Ib per head daily, and averaged 1153 1b at slaughter after an average of 207 days on feed. Average cost of gain and profitability were $61.48 per cwt and -$86.61 per head, respectively. Steers consigned in January weighed 738 Ib initially, gained 3.36 Ib per head daily, and averaged 1,196 Ib at slaughter after 137 days on feed. Average cost of gain and profitability were $55.55 per cwt and 4123.1 1 per head, …