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Articles 1 - 25 of 25
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Western Wheatgrass Recovery From Drought, F. R. Gartner, E. M. White, K. D. Klement
Western Wheatgrass Recovery From Drought, F. R. Gartner, E. M. White, K. D. Klement
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Native grasses are predictably taller in wet years than in dry years and their density also increases with favorable precipitation. These responses of western wheatgrass are more dramatic on mechanically treated rangeland when precipitation is adequate. Measurements taken in July 1991 confirmed that western wheatgrass was slightly taller and density at least two times greater on mechanically treated claypan soils compared with untreated soils 13 and 18 years following treatment. Increases of this magnitude constitute a potentially greater carrying capacity which livestock producers should be prepared to utilize. This report briefly summarizes the effects of mechanical treatment on height and …
Grasshopper Destruction Of Rangeland Grasses, P. S. Johnson
Grasshopper Destruction Of Rangeland Grasses, P. S. Johnson
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Utilization of leaf material from cool and warm season grasses by grasshoppers was determined in 1987 and 1988. The study was conducted on a Mixed Grass Prairie site in western South Dakota near the town of Belle Fourche. The principal cool season grass was western wheatgrass and the warm season grasses were blue grama and buffalograss. Utilization of these grasses was evaluated for two grasshopper species, Melanoplus sanguinipes in 1987 and Aulocara elliotti in 1988. Grasshoppers were stocked in 0.25 m2 caged plots at a rate of 20/m2 (5 per cage) for the grazing treatments. Caged plots with no grasshopper …
South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration, J. J. Wagner, T. L. Goehring, D. L. Boggs, L. W. Insley
South Dakota Retained Ownership Demonstration, J. J. Wagner, T. L. Goehring, D. L. Boggs, L. W. Insley
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Three hundred forty-five steer calves representing 53 cow-calf producers were consigned to a custom feedlot in late October. Cattle were fed in one of two pens. One pen of calves received a moderate roughage growing diet for 39 days and then were switched to a high energy finishing diet (ACC). The other pen of calves received a moderate roughage growing diet for 109 days and then were switched to a high energy finishing diet (TWO). The ACC calves weighed 574 lb initially, gained 2.94 Ib per head daily and were slaughtered at 1147 Ib after an average of 196 days …
Replacement Beef Heifer Economics, D. M. Feuz
Replacement Beef Heifer Economics, D. M. Feuz
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
The nutritional management of weaned heifer calves affects not only the conception rate of yearling heifers but also their subsequent conception rate as 2-year-old cows and the weight of their first weaned calf. The costs involved in raising the replacement heifer and the value of cull heifers, 2-year-old cull cows and weaned first calves all need to be considered when determining the least cost method of raising replacement heifers. 'The effects of raising replacement heifers to prebreeding weights of 50% 62.5% and 70% of expected mature weight are evaluated from an economic perspective. If replacement heifers are only evaluated for …
Effect Of Valbazen And Levasole On Cow-Calf Performance, T. B. Goehring, D. M. Marshall
Effect Of Valbazen And Levasole On Cow-Calf Performance, T. B. Goehring, D. M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of deworming beef cows on weaning weight production and calf sickness. In Trial 1, deworming first-calf heifers with Valbazen approximately 2 weeks prior to the start of calving did not significantly affect calf weaning weight, weight per day of age or number of treatments for sickness. In Trial 2, deworming cows 3 years of age or older with Valbazen or Levasole approximately 2 weeks prior to the start of calving did not significantly affect calf weaning weight, weight per day of age or number of treatments for sickness. Under the experimental conditions …
Effects Of Cryptosporidiosis On Feed Utilization By Yearling Steers, L. A. Goss, J. U. Thomson, R. H. Pritchard
Effects Of Cryptosporidiosis On Feed Utilization By Yearling Steers, L. A. Goss, J. U. Thomson, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Four 18-month-old Angus steers were used to study the effects of chronic cryptosporidiosis on feed utilization. Two of the steers tested positive for shedding Cryptosporidium and two noninfected steers were used as controls. The steers were offered a high concentrate diet. Digestibilities of dry matter (85.66 vs 80.33 ± 3.49%), crude protein (80.12 vs 73.47 ± 5.18%), ADF (72.88 vs 70.92 ± 2.32%) and NDF (86.28 vs 84.40 ± 1.99%) were similar for control and Cryptosporidium infected steers, respectively. The mean abomasal chyme pH was 4.72 ± .016. Abomasal weight was 3.72 Ib for the control steers and 6.50 Ib …
Comparison Of Lutylase And Bovilene For Estrus Synchronization Of Heifers, T. B. Goehring, E. M. Weaver
Comparison Of Lutylase And Bovilene For Estrus Synchronization Of Heifers, T. B. Goehring, E. M. Weaver
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
A total of 533 yearling heifers were used to compare the effect of Lutylase vs Bovilene on estrus response within 5 days of injection. There was no difference between products in the percentage of heifers showing estrus within 5 days of injection. The average time from injection until detection of estrus was longer for Bovilene than Lutylase (64.5 hours vs 60.7 hours, P<.05).
Factors Affecting Weaning Weight Production, T. B. Goehring, D. M. Marshall, D. L. Boggs
Factors Affecting Weaning Weight Production, T. B. Goehring, D. M. Marshall, D. L. Boggs
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Weaning weight records from a commercial cow herd were statistically analyzed to demonstrate suspected sources of variation in weaning weight. Data from first-calf heifers and mature cows (3 to 9 year olds) were analyzed separately. For every one day increase in calf age at weaning, weaning weight was increased by 1.65 and 1.76 Ib for first-calf heifers and mature cows, respectively. For every 1 percentage point increase in MPPA of the cow, weaning weight was increased by 4.5 Ib. A 10% advantage in weaning weights and weight per day of age (WDA) was observed in steers over heifers. A 3 …
Chaps Summary For South Dakota, 1990, D. L. Boggs
Chaps Summary For South Dakota, 1990, D. L. Boggs
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Calving distribution and calf performance data were summarized from the CHAPS (Cow Herd Appraisal of Performance Software) analyses of 61 South Dakota cow herds. CHAPS uses standard beef cow weaning weight records to calculate adjusted 205-day weights and ratios, keep lifetime production records on cows, calculate Most Probable Producing Ability estimates for cows, produce a sire summary and analyze production according to cow age and 21 -day calving periods. The 1990 summary represents 6,771 calves for an average of 110 cows per herd. The average actual birth and weaning weights were 82.2 and 523.2 Ib, respectively, with the average age …
Milk Production In First-Lactation Beef Heifers, D. M. Marshall
Milk Production In First-Lactation Beef Heifers, D. M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Milk production was estimated by weigh-suckle-weigh procedures at six dates during the first lactation of 250 first-calf beef heifers representing several crossbred types. The effect of dam breed group on milk yield was significant for each measurement date. The effect of calf sex on milk intake was significant or at least approached significance for the three earliest measurement dates but was nonsignificant for the last three dates. Compared to milk production at an average of 51 days, production at 79 days was similar, while production estimated at later stages of lactation declined. Estimated milk production during later lactation was less …
Combinations Of Synovex¹ And Finaplix² For Yearling Steers, J. J. Wagner, R. H. Pritchard
Combinations Of Synovex¹ And Finaplix² For Yearling Steers, J. J. Wagner, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Ninety crossbred yearling steers (818 ± 19 Ib) were utilized to evaluate the influence of implant treatment and days on feed on carcass characteristics and feedlot average daily gain (ADG). Treatments included no implant (C), implanted with Synovex-S on day 1 and Synovex-S on day 60 (SS) and implanted with Synovex-S on day 1 and with Synovex-S and Finaplix-S on day 60 (SSF). Ten steers from each treatment were slaughtered after 120, 134 or 148 days on feed. Implanting increased (P< .0001) ADG 18.9% and hot carcass weight (HCW) 6.4%. However, interactions between treatment and days on feed were significant (P<.05) for ADG and HCW. No other interactions were apparent. Rib eye area (REA) was 4.7% greater (P<.05) for implanted steers as compared to nonimplanted controls (13.72 vs 13.11 in.2). ADG (P<.12), HCW (P<.10) and REA (P<.05) were greater for steers implanted with SSF as compared to steers implanted with SS (3.90 vs 3.75 Ib, 846 vs 831 Ib, and 14.06 vs 13.38 in. , respectively). Marbling score (5.00 = Small°) tended (P<.16) to be lower for implanted steers compared with nonimplanted controls (5.54 vs 5.77 units). Marbling score was slightly (P<.16) lower for cattle implanted with SSF as compared to cattle implanted with SS (5.40 vs 5.67). Predicted days required to reach 75% low choice were 113, 124 and 138 for C, SS and SSF, respectively.
Implant Strategies For Yearling Steers, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins
Implant Strategies For Yearling Steers, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Various implant strategies were compared in heavy yearling steers fed for 98 days. Implant treatments included control (nonimplanted), 722 (72 mg zeranol), 36TBA (36 mg zeranol plus 140 mg trenbolone acetate [TBA]), 72TBA (72 mg zeranol plus TBA) and ETBA (20 mg estradiol-200 mg progesterone plus TBA). The 72-mg zeranol dosage represents two implants in one site. Combinations of implants were administered, one in each ear. Implanting increased (P<.05) ADG and DM1 and decreased (P<.05) feed/gain values. Among implanted steers, no differences (P>.10) in ADG or DM1 were observed. Feed/gain was lower (P< .05) for zeranol-TBA combinations than the 72-mg zeranol treatment. Carcasses were heavier and rib eye area was greater (P<.05) in the 72TBA than 36TBA treatment. Kidney-pelvic-heart fat was lower (P<.05) when the ETBA combination was used.
Alternate Day Protein Supplementation Of Corn Stalk Based Diets With High And Low Ruminal Escape Protein Sources, R. M. Collins, R. H. Pritchard
Alternate Day Protein Supplementation Of Corn Stalk Based Diets With High And Low Ruminal Escape Protein Sources, R. M. Collins, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Twenty-four crossbred wethers (88 ± .44 Ib) were utilized to determine optimal level of dietary CP when corn gluten meal (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM) based supplements were fed alternate days. Diets were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial design with SBM and CGM fed at 8, 9 or 10% dietary CP. Supplements were top dressed on ground corn stalks at a rate of two times the daily required amount (19.78% DM basis). The collection term consisted of an 8-day total feces and urine collection. DM1 and DDMl were improved (P<.01) when CGM was fed and as dietary CP was increased by either supplement. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) decreased (P<.05) as dietary CP level increased. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) did not differ (P>.05) for protein source or dietary CP level. …
Effects Of Energy Restriction And Realimentation On The Development Of Carcass Traits Of Yearling Heifers, C. L. Anderson, R. H. Pritchard, D. L. Boggs
Effects Of Energy Restriction And Realimentation On The Development Of Carcass Traits Of Yearling Heifers, C. L. Anderson, R. H. Pritchard, D. L. Boggs
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Feedlot performance and carcass development were compared between heifers fed a low energy diet for an 88-day backgrounding period before receiving a high energy diet (LE) and heifers receiving a high energy diet throughout the trial (HE). The LE heifers were delayed in carcass and muscle growth (P<.10) when compared to HE heifers on day 89. At an 1100 1b weight constant, LE and HE carcasses had similar dissected muscle weights, rib fat measurements and marbling scores. Carcass dressing percentage was only affected by time (P<.10) on an energy dense diet at 1030 Ib. During the initial 88-day background period, HE heifers had higher ADG (P<.001) and lower Feed/gain requirements (P<.001). During realimentation, compensatory growth was exhibited through increased ADG (P< .lo) and improved feed/gain (P<.05) for LE heifers. From day 0 until slaughter, the cumulative ADG for HE heifers was greater (P<.05) and the cumulative feed conversion was lower for HE heifers (P<.10).
Effects Of Level Of Concentrate And Forage Availability On The Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Winter Range, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt, C. A. Tusler, P. S. Johnson
Effects Of Level Of Concentrate And Forage Availability On The Performance Of Beef Cows Grazing Winter Range, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt, C. A. Tusler, P. S. Johnson
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
A winter grazing study was conducted using 120 pregnant Simmental x Angus cows to determine the effect of level of concentrate supplement and amount of available forage on cow performance. Concentrate supplements were fed at a high, medium and low level which included corn, corn-soybean meal and soybean meal, respectively, and were formulated to provide .7 Ib of crude protein per cow daily. Two winter pastures with distinctly different amounts of available forage were used in the trial. The amount of available forage had a greater effect on body weight and condition score change than did level of concentrate supplement …
Effect Of Inoculants On High Moisture Corn Fermentation Characteristics And Cattle Performance, C. P. Birkelo, D. Sorenson
Effect Of Inoculants On High Moisture Corn Fermentation Characteristics And Cattle Performance, C. P. Birkelo, D. Sorenson
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
High moisture corn was ensiled untreated (treatment 1) or treated with one of three different inoculants (treatment 2 = lactobacillus; treatment 3 = lactobacillus + streptococcus; treatment4 = lactobacillus + serratia), each at two moisture levels (27.2% and 22.4%). lnoculant effects on fermentation were moisture dependent. The pH, acetate concentrations and dry matter losses were generally lower and lactate concentrations higher due to inoculation at 27.2% moisture. Overall, treatment 3 was somewhat more effective than treatments 2 or 4. Inoculation effects were generally less at 22.4% moisture. lnoculant effects on soluble N were small and probably of little nutritional importance. …
Environmental Effects On Limit-Fed Feedlot Finishing Diets, C. P. Birkelo, D. Sorenson, J. Lounsbery
Environmental Effects On Limit-Fed Feedlot Finishing Diets, C. P. Birkelo, D. Sorenson, J. Lounsbery
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Ninety-six crossbred yearling steers were allotted to either ad libitum or 93% of ad libitum intake treatments in a 117-day winter finishing trial. Intake restriction began once the 93% treatment group was started on its finishing diet. Finishing diets were formulated to result in similar absolute intakes of nutrients and feed additives. Restricted treatment dry matter intake was lower than ad libitum as intended (P<.05), but average daily gain was also less, 3.71 and 3.50 Ib per day (P<.05) and resulted in similar feed/gain, 6.01 and 6.07 (P>.82). These results are in contrast to two previous trials conducted during summer and mild winter/spring conditions and suggest that cold stress may affect the response to limit-feeding of feedlot finishing diets.
Methionine Addition To A Urea-Grain Supplement For Cows Grazing Dormant Winter Range, P. A. Momont, R. J. Pruitt, P. S. Johnson
Methionine Addition To A Urea-Grain Supplement For Cows Grazing Dormant Winter Range, P. A. Momont, R. J. Pruitt, P. S. Johnson
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
A 2-year grazing study involving 103 mature pregnant Simmental x Angus cows grazing dormant winter range was conducted to determine the effects of methionine addition to a urea-grain supplement on forage intake and digestibility and on cow performance. Four protein supplements designed to supply .8 1b crude protein per head daily were fed from mid-November to mid-February. Supplements contained (1) urea (CON), (2) urea plus methionine (MET), (3) urea plus sodium sulfate (SUL) and (4) soybean meal (SBM). Twice during the second winter (late November and late January), cows were administered controlled release chromic oxide boluses and fecal samples were …
Substitution Of Rolled Barley For Whole Shelled Corn In Finishing Diets For Steers, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins
Substitution Of Rolled Barley For Whole Shelled Corn In Finishing Diets For Steers, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Rolled barley was substituted for 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the whole shelled corn in finishing diets fed to steers for 84 days. Increasing barley substitution resulted in a linear (P=.12) decrease in ADG and a quadratic (P<.05) decrease in DM1 with no effect on feed conversion. At the termination of the study, barley substitution caused a linear reduction in carcass weight (P<.01) and dressing percent (P<.01). The 100% substitution of barley for corn reduced (Pc.05) the percentage of carcasses grading choice. Dietary net energy values calculated from steer weights, gain and feed intake increased linearly (P<.10) as barley content of the diets increased, possibly reflecting positive associative effects. Published energy values for barley may not be suitable for least cost pricing in all feeding situations.
Grain Sources And Roughage Levels For Limited Feeding Backgrounding Programs, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins
Grain Sources And Roughage Levels For Limited Feeding Backgrounding Programs, R. H. Pritchard, M. A. Robbins
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
The effects of grain source and roughage level in limited intake feeding programs were evaluated in 622-lb steer calves. Supplemented diets were based on high moisture ear corn (HMEC), whole shelled corn (WSC) + hay to provide similar NDF to the HMEC diet, HMEC diet containing 10% hay and the WSC + hay diet formulated to contain NDF similar to HMEC + hay. Steer calves were blocked by weight and fed to achieve 2.2 Ib ADG for a 52-day period. Steers fed HMEC had higher (P<.01) ADG and lower (P<.01) feed/gain than WSC fed steers. Low crude protein in the hay source caused lower (P<.01) crude protein in WSC diets. Lower crude protein intake could have limited steer growth. NE utilization appeared more efficient (P<.05) for heavy weight block steers, reflecting NRC equation low sensitivity to modest differences in frame size. Roughage level did not affect performance and did not interact with grain source.
Relationship Of Maintenance Energy Requirements To Beef Female Production Efficiency, S. A. Shuey, C. P. Birkelo, D. M. Marshall
Relationship Of Maintenance Energy Requirements To Beef Female Production Efficiency, S. A. Shuey, C. P. Birkelo, D. M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Thirty-three Hereford x Angus first-calf females were used to determine the relationship between production efficiency (PE = calf weaning weight/l2month dam + calf ME intake) and nonlactating dam maintenance ME requirements (MEm) and its components k, and FHP. Substantial variation existed in PE and energy parameters among individuals. However, maintenance metabolism of the dam contributed little to explaining PE variation (Fs.04). This may have been due to the high plane of nutrition provided. Additionally, FHP was closely related to MEm (r2 = .69), suggesting it could be used as an indicator of fed maintenance requirements.
In Vitro Digestibility Of Untreated And Ammonia Treated Oat Mill By-Product, C. P. Birkelo, B. Borkowski, S. Shuey
In Vitro Digestibility Of Untreated And Ammonia Treated Oat Mill By-Product, C. P. Birkelo, B. Borkowski, S. Shuey
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Oat mill by-product (OMB, approximately 80% oat hulls) was treated with 0, 1%, 3%, or 5% NH3 and 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% H2O (4 x 5 factorial design) and allowed to react for 28 days. Samples were analyzed for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP) and fiber content (NDF, ADF, ADL). Treatment with 3% NH3 and 20% H20 resulted in maximum improvement of IVDMD. CP was increased and NDF decreased due to treatment. Nutritional value of OMB can be improved by NH3 treatment.
Sdsu Purebred Beef Herds, R. J. Pruitt
Sdsu Purebred Beef Herds, R. J. Pruitt
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
A herd of purebred Angus and Simmental cows used for teaching, research and extension activities is maintained at the Cow-Calf Teaching and Research Unit near the SDSU campus. Besides use in the classroom, cattle are used for numerous student activities, field days and 4-H, FFA and other educational events. In addition to providing research information and an opportunity for education, this herd provides a stimulus for interactions between students and faculty and an avenue for communication between faculty and producers in the region.
Interpreting Experimental Results, D. M. Marshall
Interpreting Experimental Results, D. M. Marshall
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
No abstract provided.
1991 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
1991 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
This is the complete 1991 South Dakota Beef Report.