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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2024), Michelle Cartney Jan 2024

Growing South Dakota (Winter 2024), Michelle Cartney

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 Continuing a Leadership Journey
[Page] 5 CAFES Leadership Team Grows
[Page] 7 Award-Winning Faculty & Staff
[Page] 9 New Endowment Holders Recognized
[Page] 10 Inaugural Precision Livestock Field School Offered at SDSU Cottonwood Field Station
[Page] 11 SDSU Celebrates Professional Program in Veterinary Medicine Students [Page] 13 Clay Carlson, SDSU Meat Science Graduate Student Approaches School and Life with Winning Mindset
[Page] 15 SDSU Alumni has been selected as the Head Coach of the South Dakota State University Livestock Judging Team
[Page] 16 Livestock Units Promote Hands-On Learning & Premier Research
[Page] 20 SDSU leads NSF-backed fertilizer development …

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Can Phytoremediation-Induced Changes In The Microbiome Improve Saline/Sodic Soil And Plant Health?, Achal Neupane, Duncan Jukubowski, Douglas Fiedler, Liping Gu, Sharon A. Clay, David E. Clay, Shin-Yi Marzano Jan 2024

Can Phytoremediation-Induced Changes In The Microbiome Improve Saline/Sodic Soil And Plant Health?, Achal Neupane, Duncan Jukubowski, Douglas Fiedler, Liping Gu, Sharon A. Clay, David E. Clay, Shin-Yi Marzano

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Increasing soil salinity and/or sodicity is an expanding problem in the Northern Great Plains (NGP) of North America. This study investigated the impact of phytoremediation on the soil microbiome and if changes, in turn, had positive or negative effects on plant establishment. Amplicon sequencing and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer analysis compared root metabolites and microbial composition of bulk vs. rhizosphere soils between two soil types (productive and saline/sodic). Beta-diversity analysis indicated that bacterial and fungal communities from both the bulk and rhizosphere soils from each soil type clustered separately, indicating dissimilar microbial composition. Plant species also influenced both root-associated bacterial and …

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Belowground Bud Banks And Land Use Change: Roles Of Vegetation And Soil Properties In Mediating The Composition Of Bud Banks In Different Ecosystems, Jing Wu, Xianzhang Hou, Lan Xu, Quanlai Zhou, Yongcui Wang, Ziwu Guo, Michael Opoku Adomako, Qun Ma Jan 2024

Belowground Bud Banks And Land Use Change: Roles Of Vegetation And Soil Properties In Mediating The Composition Of Bud Banks In Different Ecosystems, Jing Wu, Xianzhang Hou, Lan Xu, Quanlai Zhou, Yongcui Wang, Ziwu Guo, Michael Opoku Adomako, Qun Ma

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Introduction: Belowground bud banks play integral roles in vegetation regeneration and ecological succession of plant communities; however, human-caused changes in land use severely threaten their resilience and regrowth. Although vegetation attributes and soil properties mediate such anthropogenic effects, their influence on bud bank size and composition and its regulatory mechanisms under land use change have not been explored.
Methods: We conducted a field investigation to examine impacts of land use change on bud bank size and composition, vegetation attributes, and soil properties in wetlands (WL), farmlands (FL), and alpine meadow (AM) ecosystems in Zhejiang Province, China.
Results: Overall, 63 soil …

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Growing South Dakota (Fall 2023), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences Oct 2023

Growing South Dakota (Fall 2023), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 Back-to-Back Champions: SDSU Quarter Scale Tractor Team Repeats International Win
[Page] 6 CAFES Welcomes New Members to College Leadership Team
[Page] 9 Vikram Mistry Retires After Nearly 40-Year Career at SDSU
[Page] 12 Bill Gibbons Retires After 36 Years at SDSU
[Page] 13 Nic Uilk: Klingbeil Endowed Educator in Precision Agriculture
[Page] 15 SDSU Students Study Abroad
[Page] 19 CAFES Faculty Claim National Awards
[Page] 21 Dairy Alum Sanne de Bruijn Grabs Global Opportunities
[Page] 23 SDSU Extension Cohort Programs
[Page] 25 Summer Field Day Highlights
[Page] 29 Jackrabbits Now and Then

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Belowground Growth Strategies Of Native And Invasive Rhizomatous Perennial Grasses In Response To Precipitation Variability, Clipping, And Competition, Surendra Bam, Jacqueline P. Ott, Jack Butler, Lan Xu Oct 2023

Belowground Growth Strategies Of Native And Invasive Rhizomatous Perennial Grasses In Response To Precipitation Variability, Clipping, And Competition, Surendra Bam, Jacqueline P. Ott, Jack Butler, Lan Xu

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Invasive clonal species may exhibit different growth strategies than their native clonal competitors. In this study, we examined the spatial distribution of tiller outgrowth and the bud bank by comparing the investment in phalanx versus guerilla growth of a native and invasive perennial grass in North America. We also examined the efect of altered precipitation frequency, clipping, and competition on their clonal growth strategies. Investment in phalanx and guerilla growth was assessed by examining live propagule and tiller production from the plant crown versus its rhizomes. Although invasive Bromus inermis and native Pascopyrum smithii exhibited similar clonal growth strategies as …

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Herbicide And Additive Impacts On Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Growth In Solution, Joy Amajioyi, Thandiwe Nleya, Senthil Subramanian, Sharon A. Clay Sep 2023

Herbicide And Additive Impacts On Bradyrhizobium Japonicum Growth In Solution, Joy Amajioyi, Thandiwe Nleya, Senthil Subramanian, Sharon A. Clay

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Plant biostimulants include beneficial fungi and bacteria, and are often applied to foliage to improve crop growth, yield, and/or crop quality. Crop improvements due to biostimulant addition may be modest; therefore, solo applications may not be economical or climate smart. However, biostimulants combined with other postemergence treatments, such as herbicides, may provide an alternative application method, if mixtures do not harm the living organism(s). The growth of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, as a biostimulant surrogate, was assessed in solutions of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid), with and without common spray additives (ammonium sulfate [AMS] and nonionic surfactant) in laboratory studies over …

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Mineral Licks As A Potential Nidus For Parasite Transmission, William J. Severud, Todd M. Kautz, Jerrold L. Belant, Seth A. Moore Sep 2023

Mineral Licks As A Potential Nidus For Parasite Transmission, William J. Severud, Todd M. Kautz, Jerrold L. Belant, Seth A. Moore

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Discrete landscape features can concentrate animals in time and space, leading to non-random interspecific encounters. These encounters have implications for predator-prey interactions, habitat selection, intraspecific competition, and transmission of parasites and other pathogens. The lifecycle of the parasitic nematode Parelaphostrongylus tenuis requires an intermediate host of a terrestrial gastropod. Natural hosts of P. tenuis are whitetailed deer, and an aberrant host of conservation concern is moose, which are susceptible to high levels of mortality as a naive host to the parasite. Intermediate hosts become infected when P. tenuis larvae are shed in deer feces, then consumed or enter the gastropod …

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Growing South Dakota (Summer 2023), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences Jul 2023

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2023), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

3 SDSU Little International Celebrates 100 years of Tradition
7 2023 CAFES Celebration of Faculty Excellence
11 South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Locations and Research Initiatives
15 Every Acre Counts
16 Undergraduate Research
19 Tanner Sloan: South Dakota State Wrestler & Animal Science Student Takes Home NCAA Division I & U23 World Silver Medals
21 2023 CAFES Outstanding Seniors
23 Robert Streeter: International Advocate for Wildlife Conservation
25 Collegiate Cattlemen's Club
27 Jim and Melody Mielke: Lifelong Donors Contribute to Agriculture in More Ways than One
29 Jackrabbits Now and Then

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Growing South Dakota (Spring 2023), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences Apr 2023

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2023), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 Developing Climate-Smart Beef and Bison Commodities
[Page] 5 Joseph Cassady Leads CAFES as New Dean
[Page] 7 Inaugural Class of Klingbeil Scholars
[Page] 9 Jackrabbits to Future Veterinarians
[Page] 11 Protecting South Dakota’s Grasslands
[Page] 13 Growing Youth Programs
[Page] 15 Partnerships for Positive Growth
[Page] 17 Building Highly Effective Boards
[Page] 19 SDSU Extension Podcasts
[Page] 21 Providing Good Food for All
[Page] 23 Improving Seed Varieties
[Page] 25 CAFES Endowed Positions
[Page] 29 Jackrabbits Now and Then

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Allometry Of Bud Dynamic Pattern And Linkage Between Bud Traits And Ecological Stoichiometry Of Nitraria Tangutorum Under Fertilizer Addition, Qinghe Le, Na Duan, Chenggong Liu, Huiqing Li, Lan Xu Mar 2023

Allometry Of Bud Dynamic Pattern And Linkage Between Bud Traits And Ecological Stoichiometry Of Nitraria Tangutorum Under Fertilizer Addition, Qinghe Le, Na Duan, Chenggong Liu, Huiqing Li, Lan Xu

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

Affected by the pressure and constraints of available resources, plant growth and development, as well as plant life history strategies, usually vary with environmental conditions. Plant buds play a crucial role in the life history of woody plants. Nitraria tangutorum is a common dominant woody species in desertified areas of northern China and its growth is critical to the desert ecosystem. Revealing the allometry of N. tangutorum aboveground bud fates and the linkage between bud traits and plant nutrient contents and stoichiometric ratios can be useful in understanding plant adaptation strategy. We applied seven nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer addition treatments …

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Growth, Yield, And Yield Stability Of Canola In The Northern Great Plains Of The United States, Unius Arinaitwe, Sharon Clay, Thandiwe Nleya Mar 2023

Growth, Yield, And Yield Stability Of Canola In The Northern Great Plains Of The United States, Unius Arinaitwe, Sharon Clay, Thandiwe Nleya

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Canola (Brassica napus L.) may diversify wheat-based cropping systems in the Northern Great Plains. However, agronomic adaptability and stability of high- yielding genotypes have not been widely evaluated over the diverse environmental conditions of South Dakota (SD). A 2-year field experiment was conducted in two contrasting environments (Brookings—eastern SD and Pierre—Central SD) to evaluate genotypes (10 in 2019 and 12 in 2020) for days to 50% flower, lodg- ing, pods plant−1 , seed yield, 1000-seed weight, and yield stability. Seed yield for all genotypes in Brookings averaged 1961 and 1740 kg ha−1 , in 2019 and 2020, respectively, whereas at …

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Weed-Induced Crop Yield Loss: A New Paradigm And New Challenges, David Horvath, Sharon A. Clay, Clarence J. Swanton, James V. Anderson, Wun S. Chao Jan 2023

Weed-Induced Crop Yield Loss: A New Paradigm And New Challenges, David Horvath, Sharon A. Clay, Clarence J. Swanton, James V. Anderson, Wun S. Chao

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Direct competition for resources is generally considered the primary mechanism for weed-induced yield loss. A re-evaluation of physiological evidence suggests weeds initially impact crop growth and development through resource-independent interference. We suggest weed perception by crops induce a shift in crop development, before resources become limited, which ultimately reduce crop yield, even if weeds are subsequently removed. We present the mechanisms by which crops perceive and respond to weeds and discuss the technologies used to identify these mechanisms. These data lead to a fundamental paradigm shift in our understanding of how weeds reduce crop yield and suggest new research directions …

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Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 2023, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Jan 2023

Southeast South Dakota Experiment Farm Annual Progress Report, 2023, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station

Agricultural Experiment Station and Research Farm Annual Reports

This is an annual report of the research program at the Southeast South Dakota Research Farm in cooperation with South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and the SDSU College of Agriculture, Food, and Environmental Sciences and has special significance for those engaged in agriculture and the agriculturally related businesses in the ten county area of Southeast South Dakota. The results shown are not necessarily complete or conclusive. Interpretations given are tentative because additional data resulting from continuation of these experiments may result in conclusions different from those based on any one year.

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Soil Profile Properties And Greenhouse Gas Emissions As Influenced By Long-Term Cattle Manure And Inorganic Fertilizer Applications Under Corn-Soybean-Spring Wheat Rotation In Eastern South Dakota, Anuoluwa Ojonoka Sangotayo Jan 2023

Soil Profile Properties And Greenhouse Gas Emissions As Influenced By Long-Term Cattle Manure And Inorganic Fertilizer Applications Under Corn-Soybean-Spring Wheat Rotation In Eastern South Dakota, Anuoluwa Ojonoka Sangotayo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The application of manure and inorganic fertilizer in row crops may significantly influence soil and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Understanding the long-term influence of these management practices on soil pore characteristics, hydro-physical properties and greenhouse gas emission is essential in developing proper conservation practices. However, there is limited information on the impact of cattle manure and inorganic fertilizer application on soil hydro-physical properties, soil pore characteristics at lower depths and surface GHGs emissions. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to; (i) utilize X-ray computed tomography (XCT) technique to quantify the impact of manure and fertilizer amendments under a corn …

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Biological Control Of Bacterial Leaf Streak Of Wheat Using Antagonistic Rhizobacteria, Ashley Frederickson Jan 2023

Biological Control Of Bacterial Leaf Streak Of Wheat Using Antagonistic Rhizobacteria, Ashley Frederickson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world’s most valuable crops, and the primary food grain produced in the United States. A major disease in wheat production is Bacterial Leaf Streak (BLS) caused by the gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Xtu). Very few management strategies are available to growers to manage this disease, as common chemicals do not provide adequate control. A number of studies have been conducted on biological control using Rhizospheric bacteria for the control of various plant diseases, but limited data is available on the efficacy of biological control using Rhizospheric bacteria for controlling Bacterial …

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Tracking Nitrogen Mineralization In The Presence Of Biochar Utilizing Complementary-Method Assays In East Central South Dakota, Andrew Calvin Engel Jan 2023

Tracking Nitrogen Mineralization In The Presence Of Biochar Utilizing Complementary-Method Assays In East Central South Dakota, Andrew Calvin Engel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Understanding soil N transformations in agricultural systems of the Northern Great Plains is crucial for guiding effective soil and nutrient management of this vital cropland. While the use of biochar in agriculture has attracted great attention recently, little has been reported on the seasonal dynamics of soil nitrogen (N) transformation and its response to biochar application. A field experiment was conducted over 2 seasons, spring (6/3/19-6/24/19) and summer (7/26/19-8/16/19), using four treatments or control soil, urea (224 kg N/ha), biochar (46,250 kg/ha), and urea+biochar (224 kg N/ha and 46,250 kg/ha, respectively). The results for both seasons showed biochar had no …

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Phosphate2 And Pin-Likes7 Affect Symbiotic Nodule Phenotypes In Soybean, Bhawandeep Kaur Jan 2023

Phosphate2 And Pin-Likes7 Affect Symbiotic Nodule Phenotypes In Soybean, Bhawandeep Kaur

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Legumes and soil rhizobia share a symbiotic relationship, wherein rhizobia fix atmospheric dinitrogen in exchange for photosynthates from the host plant. This exchange of mutual benefits occurs in a specialized root structure called ‘nodule’. Soybean (Glycine max) nodules arise from root outer cortical cells. De novo cell differentiation of cortical cells during nodule development leads to the formation of two distinct nodule zones in the mature nodule: the central infection zone where nitrogen fixation occurs and the peripheral parenchyma zone that houses vascular bundles. Plant signaling mechanisms that dictate the development of these nodule zones are not known. To address …

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Cover Crop Composition In Long-Term No-Till Soils In Semi-Arid Environments Do Not Influence Soil Health Measurements After One Year, Hunter Bielenberg, Jason D. Clark, Debankur Sanyal, Johnathon Wolthuizen, David Karki, Amin Rahhal, Anthony Bly Jan 2023

Cover Crop Composition In Long-Term No-Till Soils In Semi-Arid Environments Do Not Influence Soil Health Measurements After One Year, Hunter Bielenberg, Jason D. Clark, Debankur Sanyal, Johnathon Wolthuizen, David Karki, Amin Rahhal, Anthony Bly

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Evaluating the influence of grass or broadleaf cover crops on soil health measurements is common in the northern US Midwest. However, the comparison among different cover crop mixtures, including blends of both grass and broadleaf species is limited. In 2018–2020, cover crop experiments were conducted in South Dakota at 11 site-years. Cover crops were planted in the summer after small grains harvest as mixtures of dominantly grasses or broadleaves, a 50/50 grass/broadleaf mixture, and a no cover crop control. Soil and above-ground plant residue samples were collected in the fall before winter termination and in the spring before corn planting. …

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Methods For Improving Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations For Corn In South Dakota, Andrew J. Ahlersmeyer Jan 2023

Methods For Improving Potassium Fertilizer Recommendations For Corn In South Dakota, Andrew J. Ahlersmeyer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a vital commodity in South Dakota’s agricultural sector. Optimal corn production occurs when there are sufficient mineral nutrients in the soil, especially potassium (K). Applications of K fertilizer are used when soil test K (STK) levels are deficient. Therefore, producers need reliable, thoroughly tested fertilizer recommendations to make profitable decisions and maintain environmental stewardship. South Dakota K fertilizer recommendations have not been updated in nearly 20 years. Simultaneously, changes in corn genetics, management practices, and climate patterns suggest that the critical soil test value (CSTV) for STK may have shifted in that same time frame. …

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Unveiling Race Diversity And Fungicide Sensitivity Profiles Of Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis Populations In South Dakota Collected From 2021-2023, Jaswinder Kaur Jan 2023

Unveiling Race Diversity And Fungicide Sensitivity Profiles Of Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis Populations In South Dakota Collected From 2021-2023, Jaswinder Kaur

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Tan spot, a foliar disease of wheat caused by the ascomycetes fungus Pyrenophora tritici repentis (Ptr), poses a significant threat to wheat crops globally. The disease gained economic importance in the late 1970s due to shifts in farming practices, such as minimal tillage and planting on crop residues, providing favorable conditions for the pathogen to overwinter and cause infections. Ptr is classified into eight races based on the production of necrotrophic effectors—Ptr ToxA (necrosis-inducing), Ptr ToxB, and Ptr ToxC (chlorosis-inducing on respective susceptible and sensitive cultivars)—resulting in distinct symptoms on susceptible wheat differentials. The inverse gene-for-gene hypothesis of Ptr suggests …

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Addressing Soil Carbon Sequestration Response From Multispecies Dairy Forage Systems And Modeling Rangeland Beef Cow Dry Matter Intake Using Precision Enteric Emissions Measurements, Lillian J. Mcfadden Jan 2023

Addressing Soil Carbon Sequestration Response From Multispecies Dairy Forage Systems And Modeling Rangeland Beef Cow Dry Matter Intake Using Precision Enteric Emissions Measurements, Lillian J. Mcfadden

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Regenerative agriculture is a pressing matter for the dairy industry to address cropland sustainability and carbon sequestration. One regenerative management practice that has been identified to help with row crop sustainability for key metrics like soil organic carbon (SOC) is complex covers. When producers use complex covers one of the main challenges is that it takes time to detect a change in SOC. However, simulation models are a tool that can be used to help determine if a regenerative practice is a strategy that gives the best results (i.e., increased SOC) while aligning with long-term production goals. Therefore, our objectives …

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Improving The Utility Of Precision Agriculture Through Machine Learning And Climate-Smart Practices, Skye Brugler Jan 2023

Improving The Utility Of Precision Agriculture Through Machine Learning And Climate-Smart Practices, Skye Brugler

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Climate Smart Practices are management strategies that focus on increasing soil and crop productivity, utilize site-specific strategies to increase resiliency against the effects of climate change, and mitigate these negative effects by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Decision Support Systems (DSSs) using machine learning (ML) can adjust models based on new information and help farmers make climate smart decisions within their operation. The 4R nutrient management model of right source, rate, location, and time also demonstrates a framework that may be considered climate smart by improving soil and crop productivity. However, when initially conceptualized, the 4R model did not consider …

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Identifying Optimum Germination Temperatures And Analysis Weights In Seed Testing For Stiff Goldenrod (Solidago Rigida) And River Bulrush (Bolboschoenus Fluviatilis), Rachel Geary Jan 2023

Identifying Optimum Germination Temperatures And Analysis Weights In Seed Testing For Stiff Goldenrod (Solidago Rigida) And River Bulrush (Bolboschoenus Fluviatilis), Rachel Geary

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Federal and state seed laws require seed lots offered for sale to be tested and labeled with the appropriate information before they can be sold. Those tests are conducted in seed testing labs all around the world. In the United States, accredited seed testing labs follow the Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA) Rules for Testing Seeds to provide information for labeling. The rules lack instructions for weights and germination for many native species. Stiff goldenrod (Solidago rigida) and river bulrush (Bolboschoenus fluviatilis) are two species that lack any information required for testing. When seed testing labs use correct weights …

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Genomics-Assisted Approaches To Improve Grain Yield And End-Use Quality In Hard Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Harsimardeep Singh Gill Jan 2023

Genomics-Assisted Approaches To Improve Grain Yield And End-Use Quality In Hard Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Harsimardeep Singh Gill

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Global wheat production needs to be increased by 60% to meet the future demand of feeding nine billion people by 2050. Simultaneously, it is important to improve the enduse quality to meet the requirements of producers, grain markets, processors, and consumers. Thus, the development of more productive wheat varieties with better enduse quality remains the primary focus for all wheat breeding programs. However, direct phenotypic selection for improving grain yield and end-use quality is difficult as it is highly influenced by environmental factors. This dissertation focuses on harnessing advancements in genomics applications, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), for the genetic …

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Effect Of Foliar And Preplant Sulfur Application On Soybean Nutrient Uptake, Yield, And Seed Protein And Oil Content, Gena Ram Mahato Jan 2023

Effect Of Foliar And Preplant Sulfur Application On Soybean Nutrient Uptake, Yield, And Seed Protein And Oil Content, Gena Ram Mahato

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, Sulfur (S) deficiency has been observed in soybean producing regions in the US and different parts of the world. The major factors behind the frequent occurrence of S deficiency are reduced atmospheric S deposition due to strict regulations on emissions from fossil fuels, large S removal from high yielding crops, less use of fertilizers containing S, and intensive cultivation practices. To test S limitations, I conducted two independent studies from 2019 to 2021 at two locations in Eastern South Dakota to determine the effect of foliar and preplant S application on soybean. The objectives of this research …

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Investigating Dormancy And Germination Characteristics To Promote Restoration Success In The Northern Great Plains, Gregory A. Cooper Jan 2023

Investigating Dormancy And Germination Characteristics To Promote Restoration Success In The Northern Great Plains, Gregory A. Cooper

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Failures in seed-based restoration can be partially attributed to a lack of knowledge on seed dormancy. Dormancy is beneficial for plant establishment in unpredictable environmental conditions, but a lack of uniform germination can hinder restoration efforts. The purpose of this research was to gain a better understanding of dormancy displayed by select forbs of the northern Great Plains. The first data chapter attempted to identify and break dormancy class. Seeds were treated with scarification, smoke, and fertilizer pretreatments in an attempt to break seed dormancy. Seeds were also placed in spring and summer temperatures to identify how seasonal phenology influenced …

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Enhancing Nitrogen Use Efficiency Through Ai-Powered Image Analysis And Innovative N-Rich Spot Method, Bobby Azad Jan 2023

Enhancing Nitrogen Use Efficiency Through Ai-Powered Image Analysis And Innovative N-Rich Spot Method, Bobby Azad

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study conducted in 2023 aimed to enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat and corn grown in South Dakota. Based on dynamic weather conditions and other factor interactions, conventional nitrogen (N) recommendations need to be improved. Soil properties information, including electrical conductivity, was used to create management zones. In each zone, three N-rich spots were established as biosensors. Drones and satellites collected imagery data, and an AI-driven approach assessed the crop response to applied N. A dynamic N application approach, integrating aerial data with historical records, was developed and evaluated. Our methodology, at a 95% confidence level, resulted in …

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Fungicide Sensitivity In P. Tritici-Repentis Diverse Population And Phenotyping Of Spelt Wheat For Multiple Diseases, Zunera Shabbir Jan 2023

Fungicide Sensitivity In P. Tritici-Repentis Diverse Population And Phenotyping Of Spelt Wheat For Multiple Diseases, Zunera Shabbir

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pyraclostrobin, a QoI fungicide, is extensively used in the management of fungal leaf spot diseases. In this study, 215 P. tritici-repentis isolates collected from wheat fields in South Dakota were evaluated for their sensitivity to Pyraclostrobin. Of 215 isolates, 48 isolates (22%) exhibited insensitivity based on G143A mutation and EC50 values using spore germination assay. Our results indicate reduced sensitivity to insensitivity to pyraclostrobin in some isolates suggesting regular monitoring of the P. tritici-repentis population to QoI fungicides is essential to track the evolution of insensitive population. Spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) is an ancient cereal that is gaining small …

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The Effects Of Residue Amounts And Variety Selection On The Development Of Wheat Fungal Pathogens In South Dakota, Abrielle Tembreull Jan 2023

The Effects Of Residue Amounts And Variety Selection On The Development Of Wheat Fungal Pathogens In South Dakota, Abrielle Tembreull

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Roughly 50% of South Dakota cropland is under the practice of no-till, with large increases in acres of no-till in the last 20 or so years. No-till is beneficial for Great Plains states, such as South Dakota, as soil residues are withheld. Residues are shown to increase soil health through retention of moisture and increase of microorganisms, but residues can serve as a source of inoculum for fungal pathogens that can overwinter on them. As wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world, it is important to protect this vital crop from diseases. Diseases of wheat …

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Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Assessment In Barley, Tasneem Fathima Jan 2023

Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Assessment In Barley, Tasneem Fathima

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fusarium head blight (FHB), commonly called scab is the most devastating disease of wheat and barley caused by the ascomycete fungus, Fusarium graminearum. FHB affects both the quality and quantity of cereal grains affecting the supply chain of the food and feed industry and the marketability of the produce. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is among the several crop species most vulnerable to FHB infection. An estimated 25% of Spring barley grain production in the United States is used to make malted beverages such as beer. Malting barley is a relatively high-value crop with high demands regarding grain quality. FHB directly …

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