Life Sciences Commons^™

Seed Biology Of Physaria Ludoviciana (Silvery Bladderpod; Brassicaceae ), An Endangered Species In Sand Prairies Of The Midwest, Marissa C. Grant, Ann E. Claerbout, Janice M. Coons, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

Physaria ludoviciana (Nuttal) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (silvery bladderpod) is a state endangered species in Illinois, Minnesota and Wisconsin, the eastern edge of its range. Our goal was to investigate its seed biology (production, dispersal, seed bank longevity, afterripening, seed longevity after storage using germination and emergence, and seedling establishment). This information will be useful for conservation efforts of this endangered species. Over a ten-year period, various seed biology parameters were measured. Infructescences were counted to estimate seed production with 110–744 seeds per reproductive plant. Soil samples were collected at various distances to estimate dispersal where seeds dispersed less than a …

Review Of The Timber Press Dictionary Of Plant Names, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

No abstract provided.

Surveys Of Stylisma Pickeringii Var. Pattersonii (Convolvulaceae), Its Associated Plant Species, And Its Insect Visitors, Ann E. Claerbout, Brent L. Todd, Janice M. Coons, Henry R. Owen, Donald W. Webb, John E. Ebinger, William E. Mcclain

Henry R. Owen

Stylisma pickeringii var. pattersonii (Convolvulaceae) is endangered in Illinois and Iowa, and occurs in scattered populations in other states. During 1999 and 2000, two insect species previously unreported from Illinois were observed visiting its flowers. This study was undertaken to survey additional insect visitors, as well as to characterize the plant community where S. pickeringii occurs. The objectives were to survey: 1) floral traits (anthesis and flower density) of S. pickeringii, 2) associated plant species, and 3) insect visitor characteristics. Floral traits were determined and associated plant species surveyed in Mason County (degraded hay field on private property) and Henderson …

Influence Of Reproductive And Environmental Factors On Population Size .. Of Wild Hyacinth [Camassia Angusta (Engelm.· And A. Gray) Blank. (Liliaceae)], An Illinois Endangered Species, Kevin M. Franken, Janice M. Coons, Henry R. Owen, Eric L. Smith, John E. Ebinger

Henry R. Owen

Wild hyacinth (Camassia angusta) is a perennial species native to mesic prairies of the midwestern and south-central United States. In Illinois, the only extant population of this state-endangered species is in a small section of degraded black-soil prairie along a railroad track right-of-way south of Elwin, Macon County. The objectives of this study were to determine the population status, seed production, and effects of scarification and stratification on germination of C. angusta. The population was surveyed from 1990 to 2007. A survey of other plant species present was conducted in 1999. The site consisted of approximately 75% native and 25% …

Floral Biology Of Physaria Ludoviciana (Brassicaceae), A Plant Rare To The Midwest, Ann E. Claerbout, Janice M. Coons, Henry R. Owen, Kenneth R. Robertson

Henry R. Owen

Physaria ludoviciana (Brassicaceae) is rare in Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Environmental effects on floral development are unclear. Both self-compatibility and self-incompatibility occur within Physaria species. Objectives were to describe flowers, to determine how photoperiod affects flower development, and to predict whether flowers are self-compatible or self-incompatible. For photoperiods, greenhouse-grown plants were placed in either 16 or 8 hr photoperiods. Inflorescences and open flowers were counted weekly. For pollination, flowers were self-pollinated or cross-pollinated. Plants developed inflorescences after 20 and 28 d in long and short days, respectively. Inflorescences/plant increased for both photoperiods throughout the study. In short days, plants produced …

Review Of Breeding Field Crops, 5th Ed., Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

No abstract provided.

Review Of Dictionary Of Plant Tissue Culture, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

No abstract provided.

Survey Of The Illinois Endangered Kankakee Mallow, Iliamna Remota, In Kankakee County, April L. Mcdonnell, Henry R. Owen, Sean C. Jones, Vincent P. Gutowski, John E. Ebinger

Henry R. Owen

Iliamna remota Greene (Malvaceae), endemic only to Langham Island in the Kankakee River, Kankakee County, Illinois, is a state endangered species. During the present study, the size of the population was determined, the habitat structure in and around the individual colonies analyzed, and management recommendation made to potentially increase the size of the population. During the summer of 2005, the I remota population consisted of 1,074 stems in 12 colonies, located along the northwest side of the island. In late June, flowering appeared to be prolific, where means and standard deviations of floral buds and open flowers were 1.6 :t …

Influence Of Stem Cutting And Glyphosate Treatment Of Lonicera Maackii, An Exotic And Invasive Species, On Stem Regrowth And Native Species Richness, Henry R. Owen, A. L. Mcdonnell, A. M. Mounteer, B. L. Todd

Henry R. Owen

Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder (Caprifoliaceae), Amur honeysuckle, is an exotic and invasive species in the United States that has quickly overtaken disturbed habitats in the eastern and midwestern United States, as well as in Ontario, Canada. A reduction of light due to its dense canopy, extended growing season compared to native species, and production of numerous basal sprouts allow L. maackii to outcompete its native counterparts. Eradication of this species can be difficult and time-consuming. This research was undertaken to identify how L. maackii influences species diversity and species re-establishment and to determine an efficient and effective eradication method. A …

Germination Of Silene Regia Seeds From Four Sites In Lawrence County, Illinois, Following Scarification Or Stratification, Nicolette L. Flocca, Janice M. Coons, Henry R. Owen, Brian J. Fischer, Bob E. Edgin

Henry R. Owen

Silene regia Sims is an endangered prairie forb in Illinois where small isolated colonies are scattered. In La·wrence County, two sites (Allison Prairie and Chauncey Marsh) have fewer plants (6-23) than two other sites (Cmmty Road and Cemetery) with 26-45 plants. Information on seed germination in these isolated colonies is needed. Our goal was to evaluate seed germination of S. regia from colonies in Lawrence County, illinois. S. regia fruits were collected from these four sites on August 9 and 19, 1999. Seeds were scarified by cutting the seed coat, or they were stratified at 2 C for 12 or …

Review Of Encyclopedic Dictionary Of Plant Breeding And Related Subjects, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

No abstract provided.

Scarification Technique Affects Germination Of Stylisma Pickeringii (Patterson Bindweed ), An Illinois Endangered Plant, Henry R. Owen, Brent L. Todd, Janice M. Coons

Henry R. Owen

The seed coat of Stylistna pickeringii (Torr.) Gray var. pattersoni (Patterson bindweed), an endangered species of Illinois sand prairies, inhibits water uptake and seed germination. The purpose of this research was to find an effective and efficient way to scarify seeds of S. pickeringii to aid reintroduction into its natural habitat. Seeds were collected from sandy areas close to the Illinois River near Snicarte (Mason Co.), Illinois during the summers of 1998 and 1999. Experiments were conducted to determine the best scarification techniques (basal cut, sandpaper shakes, sulfuric acid, sand shakes and sonication). Initially, each technique was evaluated by scarifYing …

Cloning Of Plants, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

No abstract provided.

Epistasis, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

No abstract provided.

Haploid Plant Regeneration From Anther Cultures Of Three North American Cultivars Of Strawberry (Fragaria X Ananassa Duch.), Henry R. Owen, A. Raymond Miller

Henry R. Owen

A study was conducted to maxmuze plant regeneration frequencies from cultured anthers of' Chandler', 'Honeoye', and 'Redchief strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). A comparison of auxins (IAA, NAA), cytokinins (BA, BPA, KIN) and carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, maltose) in MS medium showed that the highest shoot regeneration across cultivars (8%) occurred when using a medium containing 2 mgtl IAA, I mgtl BA, and 0.2 M glucose. A comparison ofMS, NN, and HI inorganic medium (a new formulation based on the anther culture literature) solidified with either agar or gellan gum and containing IAA, BA, and glucose, showed the highest shoot regeneration …

Plant Germplasm, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Staining Techniques For Somatic Chromosomes Of Strawberry, Henry R. Owen, A. Raymond Miller

Henry R. Owen

A factorial combination of pretreatments, fixatives, and stains was examined to identify the best available method for staining the chromosomes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ‘Chandler’) root-tip cells. Three pretreatments ( a -bromonaphthalene, p -dichlorobenzene, and 8-hydroxyquinoline), three fixatives (Farmer’s fluid, Carnoy’s fluid, and Newcomer’s fluid), and five stains (acetocarmine, alcoholic hydrochloric-acid carmine, altered carbol fuchsin, lacto-propionic orcein, and leucobasic fuchsin) were tested. Pretreatment with either a -bromonaphthalene (saturated aqueous) or 8-hydroxyquinoline (2 mM) for 5 hours at 14C, overnight fixation in Farmer’s fluid, hydrolysis in 1 N HCl (15 minutes at 60C), and staining with altered carbol fuchsin …

An Examination And Correction Of Plant Tissue Culture Basal Medium Formulations, Henry R. Owen, A. Raymond Miller

Henry R. Owen

The inorganic formulations of fourteen common plant tissue culture basal media were examined from the primary literature. Inaccuracies and errors were found for molecular formulae, chemical hydrations, and molar equivalences for iron/EDTA complexation. A comparison with published basal medium formulations from six commercial suppliers uncovered additional inaccuracies, modifications, and errors, thereby emphasizing the need for investigators to examine and describe medium formulations precisely in future publications.

Culture Medium Ph Is Influenced By Basal Medium, Carbohydrate Source, Gelling Agent, Activated Charcoal, And Medium Storage Method, Henry R. Owen, Donna Wengerd, A. Raymond Miller

Henry R. Owen

When four carbohydrates were tested against six commonly cited inorganic basal media, post-autoclave pH was highest for carbohydrate-free and sucrose- containing media, and progressively lower for maltose-, P lucose-, and fructose-containing media, respectively, post-autoclave pH for these media without carbohydrates was related to medium buffering capacity. Addition of gelling agents (10 of 11 tested) increased the post¬autoclave pH of MS medium containing sucrose. Neutralized and acid-washed activated charcoal also increased the post-autoclave pH of liquid and agar- solidified MS medium, and the pH changed further during 8 weeks of storage. Changes in medium pH caused by gelling agents, but not …

Genotypic And Chemical Influences On Fruit Growth Of Tomato, Henry R. Owen, Louis H. Aung

Henry R. Owen

A relationship between ovary size at anthesis and final fruit diameter of 12 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars with a range of fruit sizes, shapes, and maturation rates was determined. ‘Fireball’, ‘Michigan/Ohio Hybrid’, and ‘New Yorker’ produced nonfasciated, spherical fruits of intermediate maturation rate and showed a significantly higher correlation between ovary diameter at anthesis and final fruit diameter than ‘Small Fry’, ‘Roma VF’, ‘Early Cascade’, ‘Campbell 1327’, or ‘Ponderosa’. A linear regression of final fruit diameter at maturity on ovary diameter at anthesis of the cultivars was highly significant (r2 = 0.92**; ÿ = 22.5X - 0.3). Continuous root …

Photoperiod Effects On 2n Pollen Production, Response To Anther Culture, And Net Photosynthesis Of A Diplandrous Clone Of Solanum Phureja, Henry Owen, R. Veilleux, F. Haynes, K. Haynes

Henry R. Owen

Flow-cytometric analysis of pollen samples obtained from Solanum phureja, clone PP5, grown under 10, 14, and 18 hour photoperiods at the Southeastern Plant Environment Laboratories of North Carolina State University yielded two populations of pollen based on size parameters. These populations corresponded to pollen separation based on propidium iodide staining of DNA. Anther culture response from plants grown under 14 and 18 hour photo periods for 8, I 0, 12, and 14 weeks was greatest from 8 week old plants grown under a 14 hour photoperiod. Net photosynthesis was significantly higher for plants grown under a 10 hour photoperiod than …

Environmental, Genotypic, And Ploidy Effects On Endopolyploidization Within A Genotype Of Solanum Phureja And Its Derivatives, Henry R. Owen, R. E. Veilleux, D. Levy, D. L. Ochs

Henry R. Owen

Flow-cytometric analyses of DNA content were performed on chopped in vivo, in vitro, and protoplast-derived in vitro nuclei of Solanum phureja. An anther-derived monoploid genotype and a diploid and tetraploid clone, derived from callus culture of the monoploid genotype, were used to characterize the influence of in vivo and in vitro environment and explant ploidy level on the extent of endopolyploidization. In addition, protoplast-derived nuclei, from nine anther-derived monoploid genotypes, were examined for genotypic influences on endopolyploidization. DNA distributions of the anther-derived monoploid and callus-derived clones in vivo contained peaks corresponding to 1C, 2C, and 4C DNA levels. By comparison, …

Variability For Critical Photoperiod For Tuberization And Tuber Yield Among Monoploid, Anther-Derived Genotypes Of Solanum Phureja, Henry R. Owen, R. E. Veilleux, F. L. Haynes, K. G. Haynes

Henry R. Owen

Monoploid genotypes (2n = x = 12), derived by anther culture of a diplandrous (2n pollen-producing) clone of Solanum phureja Juz. & Buk., a South American diploid potato species, were examined for their use in germplasm development. Nine monoploid genotypes and the anther-donor genotype were grown in three chambers (10-, 14-, and 18-hr daylengths) to examine the effect of photoperiod on tuber yield and to determine the variability for critical photoperiod for tuberization. Significant differences were found among the monoploid genotypes for tuber weight and tuber number. Longer photoperiod treatments decreased and delayed tuberization. Axillary tuber formation from single-node cuttings …

Use Of Monolploid Solanum Phureja In Cell And Tissue Culture Techniques For Potato Improvement, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

Monoploid genotypes (2n = x = 12), derived by anther culture of a diplandrous genotype of Solanum phureja, a South-American diploid potato species, were examined for their utility in germplasm development.

Nine monoploid genotypes and the diploid anther-donor plant were grown in photoperiod chambers at The Southeastern Plant Environment Laboratories (SEPEL) at North Carolina State University to examine the effect of photoperiod on tuber yield and to determine the variability for critical photoperiod for tuberization. Significant differences were found among the monoploid genotypes for total tuber weight and tuber number. Longer photoperiod treatments both decreased and delayed tuberization. Axillary tuber …

Plant Breeding For The Home Gardener, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

No abstract provided.

Influence Of Hormonal Chemicals And Genotypes On Fruit Growth Of Lycopersicon Esculentum, Henry R. Owen

Henry R. Owen

The effects of hormonal chemicals and different genotypes on fruit growth of greenhouse-grown tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were examined. Continuous root application of lOnM N6 -benzylaminopurine in Hoagland's nutrient solution to tomato seedlings of 'Fireball' and 'Red Cherry' significantly delayed anthesis of 'Fireball', but not 'Red Cherry'. Ovary diameter at anthesis, final fruit diameter, and fruit weight of both cultivars were unaffected. Irrespective of treatments, a significant positive correlation was obtained between ovary diameter at anthesis and final fruit diameter. A single foliar application of 0.25mM or 0.37mM 6-naphthoxyaceticacid (betaNOA) at the appearance of the first inflorescence of 'Fireball' …