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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2004

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Update On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Update On Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, commonly called "mad cow disease" by members of the media, found its way into the United States and was diagnosed in December, 2003, in a Holstein dairy cow of Canadian origin. A significant disruption to the beef cattle industry immediately followed the announcement of this finding; within a matter of weeks, however, a degree of normalcy began to return to the industry. When consumers and cattle producers alike learned of the extensive firewall system that had been put in place years earlier by the USDA and the FDA to reduce the likelihood of entry of this disease …

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Short-Term Progestin Estrus Synchronization With Timed Insemination For Beef Heifers: Cidr Vs. Mga, A.W. Thompson, D.R. Eborn, L.D. Keenan, David M. Grieger Jan 2004

Short-Term Progestin Estrus Synchronization With Timed Insemination For Beef Heifers: Cidr Vs. Mga, A.W. Thompson, D.R. Eborn, L.D. Keenan, David M. Grieger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Recently, a new product, Eazi-Breed CIDR (a vaginal insert containing progesterone), was approved for estrus synchronization in beef heifers. In previous studies the CIDR has produced excellent estrus synchrony, but it is more costly than the commonly used progestin, melengestrol acetate (MGA). Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the CIDR to MGA in a shorter-term timed breeding program. Seventy-seven commercial beef replacement heifers were assigned to one of two treatments, CIDR (n=38) or MGA (n=39). Each heifer in the CIDR treatment group received a CIDR on day 1, which was removed on day 7. The MGA treatment …

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Plasma Metabolites Of Receiving Heifers And The Relationship Between Bovine Respiratory Disease, Weight Gain, And Carcass Characteristics, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.A. Greenquist, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Plasma Metabolites Of Receiving Heifers And The Relationship Between Bovine Respiratory Disease, Weight Gain, And Carcass Characteristics, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.A. Greenquist, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Six hundred sixty-five crossbred beef heifers initially weighing 495 lb were used to evaluate rectal temperature and plasma glucose, lactate, and urea nitrogen at initial processing as indicators of health status of newly arrived receiving cattle. We also evaluated the relationship between bovine respiratory disease (BRD), weight gain, and carcass characteristics. An increased number of treatments for BRD was associated with lower (linear, P<0.01) plasma glucose and lactate concentrations at initial processing. Elevated rectal temperatures at initial processing were associated with a greater number of treatments for BRD (linear, P<0.03). Initial body weight, final body weight, and average daily gain during the receiving period were progressively less (linear, P<0.01) as the number of treatments for BRD increased, whereas grazing-period gain was progressively greater with more frequent treatment for BRD during the receiving period (linear, P<0.01). Finishing-period gain, final body weight, hot carcass weight, fat thickness, and marbling score were linearly decreased (P<0.05) with increased treatmentfor BRD during the receiving period. These data suggest that initial plasma glucose and lactate concentrations might be associated with the health of newly arrived receiving cattle and that increased incidence of BRD in cattle is associated with lower weight gain and carcass quality.

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Effects Of Early Weaning On Performance Of Cow/Calf Pairs, E.A. Koch, J.A. Christopher, T.T. Marston, Ryan M. Breiner, John A. Unruh Jan 2004

Effects Of Early Weaning On Performance Of Cow/Calf Pairs, E.A. Koch, J.A. Christopher, T.T. Marston, Ryan M. Breiner, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Commercial cow/calf pairs (Angus based, n=103) were used to determine the effect of calf weaning age on cow body weight and body condition score (scale=1 to 9) and calf performance in terms of subcutaneous fat and marbling deposition. Only cows with male progeny (steers, n=52; bulls, n=51) were used in this study. Treatments were: 1) early-weaned bulls, 2) early-weaned steers, 3) traditionally weaned bulls, and 4) traditionally weaned steers. Cow/calf pairs grazed pastures at four different locations. Calving began February 1, 2003, and ended in early April. In the early-weaned treatment group, calves were weaned June 25, with an average …

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Estrus Synchronization Of Suckled Beef Cows By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study, J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, T.W. Marston, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, T.W. Geary, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, F.N. Schrick Jan 2004

Estrus Synchronization Of Suckled Beef Cows By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study, J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, T.W. Marston, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, T.W. Geary, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, F.N. Schrick

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objectives were to determine whether a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) protocol could yield pregnancy rates similar to a protocol requiring detection of estrus and whether inclusion of a CIDR (a vaginal insert containing progesterone) in protocols using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin F2α(PGF) would enhance fertility. Postpartum suckled beef cows (n = 2,630) from 14 locations were assigned randomly to each of five estrus-synchronization protocols using PGF with GnRH and(or) a CIDR. Protocols were Control, CO-Synch, COSynch+ CIDR, Hybrid-Synch, and Hybrid-Synch+CIDR. The percentage of cows cycling at the initiation of estrus synchronization was 66.8%, the percentage of cycling cows …

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Addition Of Estradiol Cypionate And (Or) Calf Removal To A Modified Mga + Co-Synch Protocol For Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Of Beef Cows, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2004

Addition Of Estradiol Cypionate And (Or) Calf Removal To A Modified Mga + Co-Synch Protocol For Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Of Beef Cows, Sandra K. Johnson, Keith R. Harmoney, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted in 735 suckled beef cows to determine if synchronization of ovulation could be improved with estradiol cypionate (ECP) and(or) 48-hour calf removal in a modified MGA + CO-Synch protocol. All cows were fed melengestrol acetate (MGA) (0.5 mg/cow) daily for 14 days (days -32 to - 19 of the experiment) and received an injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on d -7, an injection of prostaglandin F2α(PGF) on day 0, and received a fixed-time artificial insemination (AI) at 72 hours after PGF. Treatments were applied in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Calves either remained with cows …

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Grazing Cattle On Winter Cereal Pasture On The Sandy Soils Of South-Central Kansas, Victor L. Martin, R. Hale Jan 2004

Grazing Cattle On Winter Cereal Pasture On The Sandy Soils Of South-Central Kansas, Victor L. Martin, R. Hale

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Rye, wheat, and triticale pasture were evaluated during the winters of 2000-01, 2001-02, and 2002-03 for their ability to increase cattle weight from late fall through mid-spring. Large-scale studies were conducted on two 80-acre sites divided into either 25- or 40-acre pastures. Cattle at these sites were stocked at one head per acre, with an average initial weight between 500 and 550 lb. At the Sandyland Experiment Field, small-scale studies were conducted by using the same winter cereals for forage, but at greater stocking rates, ranging from two to three head per acre. Supplemental feeding, as necessary, included summer annual …

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In Vitro Evaluation Of Fibrolytic Enzymes To Increase Digestion Of Fibrous Feedstuffs, E.A. Elwakeel, B.J. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2004

In Vitro Evaluation Of Fibrolytic Enzymes To Increase Digestion Of Fibrous Feedstuffs, E.A. Elwakeel, B.J. Johnson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Fermentations were conducted to identify enzyme activities and amounts that would optimize digestion of high-fiber feed ingredients (soybean hulls, alfalfa, corn silage, and corn gluten feed). In general, adding enzymes increased in vitro dry matter disappearance, but total volatile fatty acid concentrations were not improved by enzyme treatments. The response to enzymes was similar across substrate, suggesting that substrate specificity of the enzymes is not important. The most effective enzyme preparation had greater cellulase activity than the other enzyme preparations, suggesting that cellulase might be the most important enzymatic activity for improving digestion of fibrous feedstuffs.

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Effect Of Castration Time On Feedlot Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Beef Tenderness, J.W. Homm, T.T. Marston, J.R. Brethour, John A. Unruh Jan 2004

Effect Of Castration Time On Feedlot Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Beef Tenderness, J.W. Homm, T.T. Marston, J.R. Brethour, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred Angus calves (n=120) were randomly assigned to early-castrated, early-castrated plus implant, and late-castrated treatment groups. After weaning, calves were placed on feed at the Western Kansas Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Station in Hays, Kansas, for finishing. On-feed weights and final weights were similar among treatments. During the first 132 days on feed, the steers castrated early and implanted had a lower average daily gain than early- and late-castration treatments. Early castrates tended (P=0.08) to have a lower feed-to-gain ratio for the first 132 days on feed. Hot carcass weight, internal fat, and marbling scores were not affected …

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Evaluation Of The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Threonine Requirement For Nursery Pigs (2004), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Evaluation Of The Optimal True-Ileal-Digestible Lysine And Threonine Requirement For Nursery Pigs (2004), N A. Lenehan, J L. Usry, C W. Hastad, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 1800 pigs (Exp 1, 360; Exp. 2, 1440) were used in two experiments to evaluate the true ileal digestible (TID) lysine and threonine requirement for 24- to 44-lb pigs. In Exp. 1, there were eight pens per treatment, with five pigs (Genetiporc, initially 23.6 lb and 34 d of age) per pen. Experiment 1 was conducted as a combination of two separate trials to simultaneously examine both the TID lysine and threonine requirement, and hence, determine the appropriate threonine-to-lysine ratio. The first part of the trial consisted of five treatments formulated to contain 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, …

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Effect Of Dietary L-Carnitine And Ractopamine-Hcl (Paylean) On The Metabolic Response To Handling In Growing-Finishing Pigs (2004), B W. James, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

Effect Of Dietary L-Carnitine And Ractopamine-Hcl (Paylean) On The Metabolic Response To Handling In Growing-Finishing Pigs (2004), B W. James, J C. Woodworth, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments (384 pigs) were conducted to determine the interactive effect of dietary L-carnitine and ractopamine·HCl (Paylean) on the metabolic response to handling. Experiments were arranged as split plots, with handling as the main plot and diet as subplots (4 pens/treatment). Dietary Lcarnitine (0 or 50 ppm) was fed from 85 lb to the end of the trials (260 lb) and Paylean (0 or 20 ppm) was fed for the last 4 wk of each trial. At the end of each trial, two pigs per pen were assigned to one of two handling treatments. Gentle-handled pigs were moved at a …

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Southwest Research-Extension Center, Field Day 2004 Jan 2004

Southwest Research-Extension Center, Field Day 2004

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Report of agricultural research from Southwest Research-Extension Center of Kansas State University.

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Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Serially Slaughtered Finishing Heifers, R.L. Hale, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston Jan 2004

Feedlot Performance And Carcass Traits Of Serially Slaughtered Finishing Heifers, R.L. Hale, G.L. Bishop, J.R. Brethour, T.T. Marston

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted at the KSU Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center Center, Hays, Kansas, to measure feedlot gain and carcass traits of serially slaughtered, yearling crossbred heifers. In Exp. 1, 159 heifers averaging 792 lbs were randomly assigned to one of four slaughter groups, and slaughtered at 21-day intervals beginning at 92 days on feed. In Exp. 2, 181 heifers averaging 759 lbs were randomly assigned to one of four slaughter groups, and slaughtered at intervals of 19, 23 and 21 day, respectively, starting at 127 days. In both experiments, final weight, gain, and carcass weight increased with …

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Effect Of Freezing The Beef Longissimus Muscle On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force, J.W. Homm, John A. Unruh Jan 2004

Effect Of Freezing The Beef Longissimus Muscle On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force, J.W. Homm, John A. Unruh

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-two ribeye rolls (IMPS 112) were used to compare Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) from fresh steaks and previously frozen steaks. Ribeye rolls were aged (32ºF) in vacuum-packaged bags for 14 days postmortem and fabricated into 1-inch thick longissimus muscle (ribeye) steaks. Steaks from each ribeye roll were either cooked fresh (158ºF) or stored at -20ºF before they were thawed and cooked for WBSF determination. Sensory panel determinations were also conducted on steaks stored frozen before cooking. Previously frozen steaks had lesser WBSF values (were more tender) than fresh (not previously frozen) steaks. Sensory panel attributes of myofibrillar tenderness, connective tissue …

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The Effect Of Replacing Specialty Protein Sources With Synthetic Amino Acids In Phase 2 Nursery-Pig Diets (2004), N Z. Frantz, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2004

The Effect Of Replacing Specialty Protein Sources With Synthetic Amino Acids In Phase 2 Nursery-Pig Diets (2004), N Z. Frantz, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 28-d growth study with a total of 1,500 pigs (7 d after weaning and 14.5 lb initial BW) was conducted to compare differences in pig performance when fed either fish meal, poultry meal, or synthetic amino acids in a phase 2 nursery-pig diet. In addition, pigs were fed either a negative-control diet (predominately soybean meal without specialty protein sources) or a positive-control diet containing both blood meal and fish meal. Spray-dried whey was added to all diets at 10% and fat was added at 3%. All diets were formulated to meet minimum amino acid ratios. From d 7 to …

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Johne's Disease: Where Do We Go From Here? (2004), Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Johne's Disease: Where Do We Go From Here? (2004), Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Johne's disease was characterized as a significant disease in cattle before the start of the 20th century. The disease causes a chronic wasting away and non-responsive diarrhea, coupled with a long incubation period and difficulty in diagnosis until late in the course of disease. As a result, it has become a costly aggravation to dairy producers over the years. Of even greater concern, however, is the more recent incrimination of the causative agent, Mycobacterium avium subspecies pseudotuberculosis (MAP), as a possible cause of Crohn's disease in humans. Because MAP is present in milk of cows with advanced Johne's disease, and …

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Reduced Age At First Calving: Effects On Lifetime Production, Longevity, And Profitability (2004), M. J. Meyer, R.W. Everett, Amburgh M.E. Van Jan 2004

Reduced Age At First Calving: Effects On Lifetime Production, Longevity, And Profitability (2004), M. J. Meyer, R.W. Everett, Amburgh M.E. Van

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The primary advantages of reducing age at first calving (AFC) include reducing rearing costs as well as reducing time in which the heifer is only a capital drain on farm resources. The primary disadvantage of reducing AFC is that it is frequently associated with a reduction in first-lactation milk yield. Despite this reduction in first-lactation milk yield, production per year of herd life is typically increased by reduced AFC. Furthermore, although the first lactation yield may be influenced by AFC, future lactations are decidedly not. In addition, stayability and health of cows are not influenced by reduced AFC as long …

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Beta-Cyclodextrin Complexing To Reduce Antibiotic Residue In Milk (2004), S. Banala, Michael J. Brouk, S.R. Simmons, Karen A. Schmidt Jan 2004

Beta-Cyclodextrin Complexing To Reduce Antibiotic Residue In Milk (2004), S. Banala, Michael J. Brouk, S.R. Simmons, Karen A. Schmidt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Various percentages (1.2% to 13%) of β- cyclodextrin (β"“CD) were added to water or pasteurized whole milk to study β-CD crystallization patterns. Influential factors such as crystallization time (4 to 12 h), crystallization temperature (45º vs. 72ºF), and centrifugation speed (25 to 3000 x g) were investigated. Optimized crystallization conditions were verified in antibiotic-tainted raw milk samples via the enzyme-linked receptor-binding assay and by solids partitioning. In water, β-CD precipitate increased significantly as β-CD concentration and crystallization time increased, but was independent of the centrifugation speed. In pasteurized whole milk, precipitate increased as β-CD concentration, crystallization time, and centrifugation speed …

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Effects Of Energy Level On Methionine Utilization By Growing Steers, G.F. Schroeder, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2004

Effects Of Energy Level On Methionine Utilization By Growing Steers, G.F. Schroeder, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of energy level on amino acid utilization in growing steers. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (503 lb) were limit-fed (6.2 lb/day dry matter) a diet based on soybean hulls (83%), wheat straw (7.6%), and cane molasses (4.1%). The treatments consisted of the infusion of two methionine levels (0 or 3 g/d) and three energy levels (0, 1.3, or 2.6 Mcal ME/day) in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Energy was supplied through ruminal infusion of acetate, propionate, and butyrate and through abomasal infusion of glucose and fat in increasing amounts. …

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Estrus Synchronization Of Replacement Beef Heifers By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study, J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, T.W. Geary, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, D.G. Landblom, D. Whittier Jan 2004

Estrus Synchronization Of Replacement Beef Heifers By Using Gnrh, Prostaglandin F2Α (Pgf), And Progesterone (Cidr): A Multi-Location Study, J.E. Larson, G.C. Lamb, T.W. Geary, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Sandra K. Johnson, M.L. Day, D.J. Kesler, J.M. Dejarnette, D.G. Landblom, D. Whittier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objectives were to determine whether a fixed-timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol could yield similar fertility rates to a protocol requiring detection of estrus and whether an injection of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) at CIDR (vaginal insert containing progesterone) insertion enhances pregnancy rates. Replacement beef heifers (n=2,077) from 12 locations were assigned randomly to each of four estrussynchronization protocols. All heifers received a CIDR for 7 days, and an injection of prostaglandin F2α(PGF) on the day of CIDR removal. For treatment EAI, heifers were observed for estrus for 84 hours after PGF administration and were inseminated 6 to 12 hours …

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Comparison Of Bovine Transfer Factor And Micotil®: Effects On Health And Performance Of Receiving Heifers, Sean P. Montgomery, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Comparison Of Bovine Transfer Factor And Micotil®: Effects On Health And Performance Of Receiving Heifers, Sean P. Montgomery, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, W.F. Miller, J.N. Pike, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Transfer factors are antigen-specific products of T lymphocytes that are capable of transferring delayed-type hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity. We evaluated bovine transfer factor (TF) for use in receiving cattle. Crossbred beef heifers (n = 665) initially weighing 495 lb were used to determine the effects of TF on the health and performance of beef cattle during a 36-day receiving period. Heifers were processed within 24 hours after arrival. Treatments were subcutaneous injection with 1.5 ml of Micotil®/100 lb of body weight or oral administration of 700 mg of TF isolated from bovine colostrum. Heifers given TF during initial processing received …

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Near Infrared Spectroscopy As A Potential Method To Detect Bovine Respiratory Disease, J.T. Fox, M.F. Spire Jan 2004

Near Infrared Spectroscopy As A Potential Method To Detect Bovine Respiratory Disease, J.T. Fox, M.F. Spire

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Bovine respiratory disease continues to be the leading cause of illness and death loss from weaning through finishing. There is no objective method to evaluate a live animal's severity of sickness or their response to treatment. A pilot study was conducted at a commercial feedyard to evaluate the ability of near infrared spectroscopy to differentiate between cattle identified as healthy and those identified as having undifferentiated Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD). At processing, 215 randomly selected 900 lb heifers were evaluated to determine tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) levels. Mean ranks of the StO2 values were 176.86 ± 5.50. One hundred cattle …

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Night Feeding To Reduce Bird Predation In Feedlots, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee Jan 2004

Night Feeding To Reduce Bird Predation In Feedlots, M.A. Greenquist, J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard, Charles D. Lee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

During times of heavy infestations by birds, feedlots can have 25 to 30% increases in feed usage, thereby resulting in large economic losses. Because starlings, blackbirds, grackles, and other avian pests normally feed during daylight hours, we hypothesized that feeding cattle at night would minimize feed contamination and feed loss due to bird infestation. Crossbred beef heifers (n=96; 770 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of feeding at night on performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were fed for 107 days during the months of November to March, when large bird populations were observed. Feed was delivered once daily at …

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Steroid Hormone Profiles And Brain Monoamine Oxidase Type A (Mao-A) Activity Of Buller Steers, M.P. Epp, Dale A. Blasi, B.J. Johnson, J.P. Kayser, David M. Grieger Jan 2004

Steroid Hormone Profiles And Brain Monoamine Oxidase Type A (Mao-A) Activity Of Buller Steers, M.P. Epp, Dale A. Blasi, B.J. Johnson, J.P. Kayser, David M. Grieger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A grazing/feedlot field study was conducted to evaluate the steroid hormone profile and brain monoamine oxidase type A (MAOA) activity of steers exhibiting characteristics attributed to the Buller Steer Syndrome in a feedlot environment. Differences of serum progesterone, testosterone, and estrogen were found in bullers at different phases of production. Brain MAO-A activity was greater in bullers than in non-bulling steers. This study suggests that MAO-A activity, under potential influence of steroidal hormones in the steer brain, may be a plausible mechanism that induces Buller Steer Syndrome.

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Quantification Of Volatile Flavor Compounds In Off-Flavor And Commercial Reduced-Fat Milk Samples, L.L. Francis, J. Lee, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon Jan 2004

Quantification Of Volatile Flavor Compounds In Off-Flavor And Commercial Reduced-Fat Milk Samples, L.L. Francis, J. Lee, Delores H. Chambers, I.J. Jeon

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Various chemical compounds contribute to the naturally pleasant flavor of milk. Over time, however, and with unwanted chemical reactions, loss of flavor is inevitable. This study was conducted to identify and quantify volatile flavor compounds associated with off-flavored and commercial reduced-fat milk products. Fresh milk was used for the preparation of altered milk samples having off-flavors such as "light-oxidized" and "high-acid." Milk lacking freshness (i.e., milk produced two weeks before sampling and maintained at 40oF in the dark) also was compared with fresh unaltered milk and two commercial milk samples. For headspace analysis, milk samples were subjected to SPME-GC for …

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Effects Of Route Of Administration Of A Commercially Available Mannheimia (Pasteurella) Haemolytica Vaccine On Titer Levels, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, Gerald L. Stokka, Larry C. Hollis Jan 2004

Effects Of Route Of Administration Of A Commercially Available Mannheimia (Pasteurella) Haemolytica Vaccine On Titer Levels, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, Gerald L. Stokka, Larry C. Hollis

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred thirteen Hereford x Angus heifer calves (average weight = 515 lb) were allotted to one of three treatments: 1) control, no vaccine; 2) a 2-cc subcutaneous injection of One-Shot® (Pfizer Animal Health), a Mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica vaccine, three weeks before weaning; or 3) a ½-cc intradermal injection of One-Shot, three weeks before weaning. All heifers were weighed and blood samples harvested at time of injection, three weeks later at weaning, and then 28 days later. After weaning, heifers were confined to a common pen and fed free-choice brome hay and approximately 5 lb/head daily of a concentrate. Blood …

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Evaluation Of Expresstm 5-Phm And Titanium® 5-Phm Bac®-1 On High-Risk Receiving Steers, M.P. Epp, Larry C. Hollis, B.B. Barnhardt, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2004

Evaluation Of Expresstm 5-Phm And Titanium® 5-Phm Bac®-1 On High-Risk Receiving Steers, M.P. Epp, Larry C. Hollis, B.B. Barnhardt, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One backgrounding field study was conducted at two locations to compare the health and performance of high-risk receiving steers given an ExpressTM 5-Pasteurella Haemolytica- Multocida (PHM) vaccine or a Titanium® 5-PHM Bac®-1 vaccine. At one location, calves given the Titanium 5-PHM vaccination had fewer first and second repulls (P<0.05). At the other location, calves given the Express 5-PHM vaccination had fewer initial pulls for respiratory disease and more hospital pen days at initial pull (P<0.05) than those given Titanium 5-PHM. No differences were measured at either location for mortality and average daily gain.

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Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Steers Implanted With Component Te-S Or Component Te-S With Tylan, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, R.T. Botts, P.T. Anderson, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Steers Implanted With Component Te-S Or Component Te-S With Tylan, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, R.T. Botts, P.T. Anderson, Brandon E. Depenbusch, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Component TE-S and Component TE-S with Tylan growth-promoting implants were compared in an experiment conducted at a commercial feedlot operation (Ward Feed Yard; Larned, Kansas) to evaluate effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred steers (n=1843; 827 lb body weight) were implanted with either Component TE-S or Component TE-S with Tylan and were fed a finishing ration based on steam-flaked corn for an average of 116 days before slaughter. Cattle were assigned randomly to the implant treatments at processing and were allotted to 12 pens, containing an average of 154 steers each. No differences were detected in dry matter …

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Effects Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Propionibacterium Freudenreichii On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Cattle, M.A. Greenquist, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, James S. Drouillard Jan 2004

Effects Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus And Propionibacterium Freudenreichii On Growth Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Beef Cattle, M.A. Greenquist, B. Dicke, G.E. Erickson, T.J. Klopfenstein, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

There have been contradicting reports of the efficacy of direct-fed microbials in finishing cattle diets. Some researchers have observed improvements in daily gain and feed efficiency when direct-fed microbials are included in finishing diets, whereas others have reported no differences in dry matter intake or ruminal and blood pH. Many of these studies have been conducted on a relatively small scale and used few animals per pen compared with that of typical commercial feedlot operations. In our study, yearling crossbred beef steers and heifers (n=3,539; 796 lb body weight) were used in an experiment conducted at a commercial feedlot operation …

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Endpoint Temperature, Cooking Method, And Marbling Degree Have Different Effects On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Of Beef Strip Loin, Bottom Round, And Brisket Muscles, E. Obuz, J.W. Stephens, J.P. Grobbel, T.M. Loughin, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2004

Endpoint Temperature, Cooking Method, And Marbling Degree Have Different Effects On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force Of Beef Strip Loin, Bottom Round, And Brisket Muscles, E. Obuz, J.W. Stephens, J.P. Grobbel, T.M. Loughin, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objective was to determine the effects of endpoint temperature, cooking method, and marbling on Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF; an objective method for determining tenderness) of three beef muscles. Eighteen subprimals of a muscle containing low content of connective tissue, longissimus lumborum (strip loin), and two muscles containing a high content of connective tissue, biceps femoris (bottom round) and deep pectoralis (brisket), were selected from USDA Select and Choice (Certified Angus Beef) carcasses. After 14 days of aging, subprimals were frozen, fabricated into steaks, and stored frozen until cooking. Steaks were assigned to one of two cooking methods, the Magikitch'n® …

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