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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2000

Animal Sciences

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Articles 1 - 30 of 100

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

The Effect Of Long-Term Management Of Native Grass Pastures On Steer Gains, F.K. Brazle, Dale L. Lanham, Jeffrey L. Davidson Jan 2000

The Effect Of Long-Term Management Of Native Grass Pastures On Steer Gains, F.K. Brazle, Dale L. Lanham, Jeffrey L. Davidson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred thirteen mixed breed steers (558 lb) were used to determine the effect of long-term management of native grass pastures on gain. Steers were allotted randomly to eight pastures previously grazed for 1/2 season (1 steer/2 acres from April to July 15, 81 days) or 3/4 season (1 steer/3 acres from April to August 15, 112 days) from 1990 to 1998. In 1999, all pastures were stocked at 1 steer/2 acres and grazed 83 days until July 15 or 16. The steers received free-choice mineral and were supplemented six times with 2 lb of 20% crude protein range cubes …

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Effects Of Grazing System On Performance Of Cow-Calf Pairs Grazing Bermudagrass Pastures Interseeded With Wheat And Legumes, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, K.P. Coffey, George A. Milliken Jan 2000

Effects Of Grazing System On Performance Of Cow-Calf Pairs Grazing Bermudagrass Pastures Interseeded With Wheat And Legumes, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, K.P. Coffey, George A. Milliken

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 96 fall-calving cows and 64 calves grazed bermudagrass interseeded with wheat and legumes during 1996, 1997, and 1998 in either a continuous or rotational system stocked at equal rates. Legume cover, available forage dry matter, residual hay production, gains of cows and calves grazing wheat interseeded into bermudagrass, and gains of cows grazing bermudagrass interseeded with legumes were measured. Grazing system had no effect on legume cover, available forage dry matter, gains of cows and calves (wheat phase), and gains of cows (legume phase); however, rotationally grazed pastures produced more residual hay than those grazed continuously.

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Effects Of Late-Summer Protein Supplementation On Stocker Cattle Performance, Feedlot Gain, And Carcass Traits, T.T. Marston, D.O. Yauk, L.E. Wankel, J.F. Gleghorn Jan 2000

Effects Of Late-Summer Protein Supplementation On Stocker Cattle Performance, Feedlot Gain, And Carcass Traits, T.T. Marston, D.O. Yauk, L.E. Wankel, J.F. Gleghorn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 2-year trial was conducted to study the effects of feeding an Arsoy™-based, 32% crude protein supplement to stocker cattle grazing late-summer native pastures. During about 90 days of late-summer/fall grazing, the steers efficiently converted the Arsoy supplement (5.3:1, as fed basis) into significantly greater weight gains (55 lb) relative to nonsupplemented contemporaries. Both groups of steers then were finished and slaughtered in commercial facilities to determine if the supplementation program had any carryover effects. Late-summer supplementation did not influence steers' feedlot gain or carcass traits including ribeye area, fat thickness, and quality grade. However, average hot carcass weight and …

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Factors Influencing The Initiation Of Estrous Cycles And Expression Of Estrus In Beef Cows, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2000

Factors Influencing The Initiation Of Estrous Cycles And Expression Of Estrus In Beef Cows, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Body condition, parity, and days postpartum at the onset of the breeding season determine the proportion of cows that initiated first postpartum ovarian activity and ovulated before the start of the breeding season. Hormonal treatments that included both GnRH and a source of progestin enhanced expression of estrus and led to greater pregnancy rates of suckled beef cows.

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Manure And Lagoon Nutrients From Dairies Using Flush Systems (2000), T.D. Strahm, Joseph P. Harner, David V. Key, James P. Murphy Jan 2000

Manure And Lagoon Nutrients From Dairies Using Flush Systems (2000), T.D. Strahm, Joseph P. Harner, David V. Key, James P. Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Nine primar,y lagoons and solids storage basins were sampled on Kansas dairies using flush systems. These samples were analyzed for nutrient content of wastewater and sand manure. The manure moisture content in the storage basins averaged 81%. The average totals of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash were 3450, 1345, and 1420 mg/L, respectively, for flushing systems. The average totals of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash in the lagoon samples were 816, 337, and 1134 mg/L, respectively, for dairies using recycled water for flushing alleys. These data and previously reported data indicate that lagoon effluent and manure removed from basins must be managed …

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Relationship Among Concentrations Of Milk Urea Nitrogen And Plasma Urea Nitrogen And Feeding Time (2000), E.E. Ferdinand, M. J. Meyer, A.F. Park, M. J. Vanbaale Jan 2000

Relationship Among Concentrations Of Milk Urea Nitrogen And Plasma Urea Nitrogen And Feeding Time (2000), E.E. Ferdinand, M. J. Meyer, A.F. Park, M. J. Vanbaale

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eight Holstein cows were used to determine the relationship among milk urea nitrogen (MUN), plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), and feeding time. We first established that MUN concentrations were similar in concentration among quarters by comparing milk samples from each quarter just before milking. In order to determine if collecting a sample of milk from a quarter influenced the MUN in samples taken later, samples were obtained from the right front quarter (RF) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hr after the AM milking and from the left front quarter (LF), right rear (RR), and left rear (LR) at 4, 6, …

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Keeping Cows Cool (2000), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, Michael J. Brouk Jan 2000

Keeping Cows Cool (2000), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heat stress occurs when a dairy cow's internal heat load is greater than her capacity to lose unwanted heat to the environment. Effects of heat stress include: increased respiration rate, increased water intake, increased sweating, decreased dry matter intake, slower rate of feed passage, decreased blood flow to internal organs, decreased milk production, and poor reproductive performance. Lower milk production and reproductive performance cause economic losses to dairy producers. The ordered priorities for reducing heat are: increasing water availability; providing shade in the housing areas (both dry and lactating cows) and holding pen; reducing walking distance to the parlor; reducing …

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Effects Of Ph And Location Within A Loin On Pork Quality (2000), B S. Andrews, John A. Unruh, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2000

Effects Of Ph And Location Within A Loin On Pork Quality (2000), B S. Andrews, John A. Unruh, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty-one boneless pork loins were used to determine the influence of pH on quality characteristics. With increasing loin pH, instrumental values for L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness) of loins and chops decreased, and cooking losses of chops before 0 d and after 1 d of retail display also decreased. The pH had no effects on package losses or Warner-Bratzler shear force values of chops. Center loin chops (0 d and 1 d) had higher ratios of reflectance than blade and sirloin chops. Sirloin chops had higher ratio of reflectance than blade chops. Center loin chops had lower package losses than …

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Effects Of Creatine Monohydrate On Finishing Pig Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality (2000), B W. James, P R. O'Quinn, B S. Andrews, Robert D. Goodband, John A. Unruh, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 2000

Effects Of Creatine Monohydrate On Finishing Pig Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, And Meat Quality (2000), B W. James, P R. O'Quinn, B S. Andrews, Robert D. Goodband, John A. Unruh, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were evaluated from 320 pigs fed either a control diet or diets containing added creatine monohydrate (CMH). Dietary treatments, initiated 30-d prior to slaughter (192 lb BW), consisted of: 1) a control diet; 2) control diet with 3 g CMH/pig/d for 30 d (maintenance); 3) 25 g CMH/pig/d for 5 d followed by 3 g CMH/pig/d for the next 25 d (early load); 4) or 25 g CMH/pig/d 5 d before slaughter (late load). The results from this experiment suggest that added CMH does not affect finishing pig growth performance but may increase …

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Optimal Parity Distribution – When Is The Best Time To Cull Sows? (2000), Kevin C. Dhuyvetter Jan 2000

Optimal Parity Distribution – When Is The Best Time To Cull Sows? (2000), Kevin C. Dhuyvetter

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The economic impact of alternative sowculling strategies was examined by simulating costs and returns for a farrowing-to-weaning swine operation. Culling strategies considered were to sell sows after parity 1 (P1) through parity 10 (P10). These 10 culling strategies resulted in different parity distributions. The optimal parity distribution is a complex issue, because it is related to conception rates, litter size, feed intake, as well as other factors. Results of this analysis indicate that the most economical time to cull a sow is after her eighth or ninth parity. This results in a breeding herd comprised of 18 to 20% gilts …

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Effects Of Expanding And Pelleting Diets On Finishing Pigs Fed From Wet/Dry Feeders (2000), N Amornthewaphat, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke, Leland J. Mckinney, C W. Starkey, D J. Lee, C L. Jones, J S. Park, D W. Dean Jan 2000

Effects Of Expanding And Pelleting Diets On Finishing Pigs Fed From Wet/Dry Feeders (2000), N Amornthewaphat, Joe D. Hancock, Keith C. Behnke, Leland J. Mckinney, C W. Starkey, D J. Lee, C L. Jones, J S. Park, D W. Dean

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pigs fed pelleted and expanded diets from wet/dry feeders had 4.4% greater ADG and 7.9 % greater efficiency of gain than pigs fed a mash diet. Also, trends for greater efficiencies of gain occurred among pigs fed expanded pellets vs standard pellets and expandate vs expanded pellets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 2000

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Comparisons Of Lysine Bioavailability In Spray-Dried Blood Meal, Blood Cells, And Crystalline Lysine In Nursery Pigs (2000), J C. Woodworth, B W. James, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2000

Comparisons Of Lysine Bioavailability In Spray-Dried Blood Meal, Blood Cells, And Crystalline Lysine In Nursery Pigs (2000), J C. Woodworth, B W. James, Joel M. Derouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred thirty-three nursery pigs (initially 23.7 lb) were used in a 21-d growth assay to determine the lysine bioavailability of spray-dried blood meal, blood cells, and crystalline lysine on growth performance. Regardless of lysine source, ADG improved linearly as dietary lysine increased. However, pigs fed diets containing blood cells gained faster then those fed diets with spraydried blood meal. Pigs fed diets containing crystalline lysine and blood cells had greater ADFI then pigs fed spray-dried blood meal. Feed efficiency improved by 11.6, 13.6, and 12.7% with increasing amounts of L-lysine HCl, spray-dried blood meal, and blood cells, respectively. If …

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Effects Of Vitamins And Mineral Proteinates On Growth Performance And Pork Quality In Finishing Pigs (2000), J S. Park, Donald H. Kropf, K A. Hachmeister, Robert H. Hines, C L. Jones, D W. Dean, D J. Lee, Joe D. Hancock Jan 2000

Effects Of Vitamins And Mineral Proteinates On Growth Performance And Pork Quality In Finishing Pigs (2000), J S. Park, Donald H. Kropf, K A. Hachmeister, Robert H. Hines, C L. Jones, D W. Dean, D J. Lee, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

From 185 to 225 lb BW, no differences in ADG, ADFI, or F/G occurred among pigs fed diets without or with vitamin and trace mineral premixes. Then, from 225 to 266 lb BW, a special premix with megadoses of vitamin E, vitamin C, Mg-proteinate, and Feproteinate was added to the diets of half the pigs given the previous treatments. Growth performance was not different among pigs fed diets without vitamin or with the KSU and special vitamin and mineral premixes. Also, meat quality (color, marbling, and firmness scores; drip, thawing, and cooking losses; shear force; and Hunter L*a*b*) was not …

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Effects Of Dietary Electrolyte Balance On Sow And Litter Performance, Blood Chemistry, And Urine Chemistry In Lactating Sows (2000), Robert H. Hines, C A. Maloney, D J. Lee, D W. Dean, H Cao, J S. Park, Joel M. Derouchey, Joe D. Hancock Jan 2000

Effects Of Dietary Electrolyte Balance On Sow And Litter Performance, Blood Chemistry, And Urine Chemistry In Lactating Sows (2000), Robert H. Hines, C A. Maloney, D J. Lee, D W. Dean, H Cao, J S. Park, Joel M. Derouchey, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Decreasing the dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) in diets for lactating sows from 500 to 100 mEq/kg increased piglet survivability but had no effect on litter weight gain. Decreased dEB reduced pH and bacteria in the sows urine and, thus, could influence the health status of the reproductive tract.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 2000

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Influence Of Dietary Niacin On Finishing Pig Performance And Meat Quality (2000), D E. Real, J C. Woodworth, M J. Webster, B W. James, E Alonso, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, John A. Unruh, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2000

Influence Of Dietary Niacin On Finishing Pig Performance And Meat Quality (2000), D E. Real, J C. Woodworth, M J. Webster, B W. James, E Alonso, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, John A. Unruh, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred forty-four finishing pigs were used to determine the influence of added dietary niacin on their growth performance and meat quality. Gilts grew slower, ate less, and were more efficient than barrows for the entire growth performance period. Increasing dietary niacin levels to 25 g/ton increased ADG in gilts for the first 25 days, but decreased ADG for barrows. No other interactions occurred. From d 25 to 62, ADFI tended to increase for pigs fed up to 100 g/ton niacin, whereas pigs fed 500 g/ton niacin ate less. Dietary niacin level did not significantly affect carcass yield or quality …

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Mastitis Management-Effective Methods To Reduce Somatic Cell Counts (2000), John F. Smith, Michael J. Brouk Jan 2000

Mastitis Management-Effective Methods To Reduce Somatic Cell Counts (2000), John F. Smith, Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Mastitis is the most costly health concern in the dairy industry today. Annual losses have been estimated at $180 to 185 per cow. Based on this figure, annual losses for Kansas producers may exceed $15 million. Nationally, mastitis may cost the industry $1.8 billion annually. Although treatment and premature culling for clinical mastitis are costly, about two-thirds of the cost is associated with reduced milk production caused by subclinical mastitis. Effective mastitis control programs are necessary for the dairy industry today. Prevention of subclinical mastitis is the key to lowering the somatic cell counts (SCC). Elevated bulk tank SCC ( …

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Economics Of Cooling Cows To Reduce Seasonal Variation In Peak Milk Production (2000), Kevin C. Dhuyvetter Jan 2000

Economics Of Cooling Cows To Reduce Seasonal Variation In Peak Milk Production (2000), Kevin C. Dhuyvetter

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The economic impact of cooling cows to reduce the seasonal variation in peak milk production was estimated using researchbased lactation curves and peak production numbers for a commercial dairy operation in Kansas. Reducing the seasonal drop in peak production that occurs in the late summer and fall months by 29% or more is profitable for second or higher lactation cows. This reduction represents an increase in total milk production over the entire lactation of slightly over 1% and an increase in the average annual peak production of only 1 lb. This indicates that achieving at least the breakeven level for …

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Factors Affecting Dry Matter Intake By Lactating Dairy Cows (2000), John F. Smith, Michael J. Brouk Jan 2000

Factors Affecting Dry Matter Intake By Lactating Dairy Cows (2000), John F. Smith, Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feed intake is the single most critical factor of dairy production, and performance of dairy cattle can be enhanced or hindered by environmental factors that affect it. These environmental factors can by divided into physical and climatic conditions. On modern dairies, the physical factors may be of more concern. Modern facilities provide the cow with protection from the natural elements. However, these same facilities can enhance or hinder dry matter intake. Facilities should provide adequate access to feed and water, a comfortable resting area, and adequate protection from the natural elements. Critical areas of facility design related to feed intake …

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Effects Of Freezing Pork Chops On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Cookery Traits (2000), B S. Andrews, John A. Unruh, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2000

Effects Of Freezing Pork Chops On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Cookery Traits (2000), B S. Andrews, John A. Unruh, Melvin C. Hunt, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty-one boneless pork loins were used to determine the influence of freezing and pH on Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) values and cookery traits. Chops with lower pH (6.2). Similar to cooking losses, total moisture losses decreased with increased pH. Frozen chops had lower WBS values (more tender) than fresh chops. However, fresh chops had a higher total yield (lower moisture loss) than frozen chops.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 2000

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Effects Of Free Fatty Acid Concentrations In Choice White Grease On Growth Performance And Nutrient Digestibility In Weanling Pigs (2000), Robert H. Hines, H Cao, C A. Maloney, D W. Dean, D J. Lee, J S. Park, Joel M. Derouchey, Joe D. Hancock Jan 2000

Effects Of Free Fatty Acid Concentrations In Choice White Grease On Growth Performance And Nutrient Digestibility In Weanling Pigs (2000), Robert H. Hines, H Cao, C A. Maloney, D W. Dean, D J. Lee, J S. Park, Joel M. Derouchey, Joe D. Hancock

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

As much as 53% free fatty acids in choice white grease did not adversely affect piglet performance. Thus, concentration of free fatty acids, if they are not otherwise damaged or rancid, is not an acceptable measure of fat quality.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 2000

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Effects Of Cattle Grazing Crop Residues On Soil Bulk Density, R.K. Taylor, John W. Slocombe Jan 2000

Effects Of Cattle Grazing Crop Residues On Soil Bulk Density, R.K. Taylor, John W. Slocombe

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Effects of cattle grazing on soil bulk density were measured at two sites in central Kansas. Samples were taken at depths of 0 to 3 in. and 3 to 6 in. from grazed and ungrazed areas at five locations in each field. No statistical difference (P>0.01) between bulk densities of the two areas occurred at the 3 to 6 in. depth for either site. However, soil in the grazed areas had significantly higher (P<0.01) bulk density than that in the ungrazed areas at the 0 to 3 in. depth at both sites.

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Effects Of Nonprotein Nitrogen Source In Blocks On Intake And Digestion Of Prairie Hay By Steers, C.A. Löest, James S. Drouillard, B.D. Lambert, A.M. Trater, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2000

Effects Of Nonprotein Nitrogen Source In Blocks On Intake And Digestion Of Prairie Hay By Steers, C.A. Löest, James S. Drouillard, B.D. Lambert, A.M. Trater, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This intake and digestion study evaluated source of nonprotein nitrogen in cooked molasses blocks supplemented to 18 steers (590 lb) with ad libitum access to prairie hay, Treatments were 1) control (no block), 2) a block containing 60% crude protein with 83% from urea (UREA block), and 3) a block containing 60% crude protein with 42% from urea and 42% from biuret (UREA/BIURET block). Blocks were broken into small pieces to facilitate rapid consumption and fed once daily at .125% of body weight. Forage intake increased by 22%, total intakes (forage plus block) increased by 28%, and digestible organic matter …

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Effects Of Nonprotein Nitrogen Source In Blocks On Rumen Parameters Of Steers Fed Prairie Hay, C.A. Löest, B.D. Lambert, A.M. Trater, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 2000

Effects Of Nonprotein Nitrogen Source In Blocks On Rumen Parameters Of Steers Fed Prairie Hay, C.A. Löest, B.D. Lambert, A.M. Trater, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Six ruminally cannulated steers (1012 lb) were fed prairie hay ad libitum supplemented with cooked molasses blocks that contained either 60% crude protein 83% of which came from urea (UREA block) or 60% crude protein with 42% from urea and 42% from biuret (UREA/BIURET block). Blocks were broken into small pieces to facilitate consumption and were fed once daily at .125% of body weight. Rumen samples were collected on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 hours after feeding blocks. Averaged over time, ruminal ammonia and total volatile fatty acid concentrations …

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Supplementation Strategies For Forage-Fed Beef Steers, R.D. Hunter, T.A. Nutsch, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2000

Supplementation Strategies For Forage-Fed Beef Steers, R.D. Hunter, T.A. Nutsch, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A comparison was made of different supplementation strategies for steer calves wintered on brome hay for 109 days. Treatments consisted of no supplement, 1.33 lb/head daily of a 30% protein range cube, a commercially available free-choice block supplement containing 40% crude protein (19% as non-protein nitrogen), and a soy-based block supplement containing soy solubles and full-fat soybeans with 40% crude protein (25% as nonprotein nitrogen). Following the backgrounding phase, steers were placed onto finishing rations and fed for an additional 152 days before being slaughtered. Gain during the growing phase was greater for all supplemented cattle than for unsupplemented controls. …

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Alfalfa Hay Levels In Limit-Fed, High-Energy, Growing Diets For Beef Steers, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, T.A. Nutsch, R.A. Stock, James S. Drouillard Jan 2000

Alfalfa Hay Levels In Limit-Fed, High-Energy, Growing Diets For Beef Steers, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, T.A. Nutsch, R.A. Stock, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred sixty-four crossbred beef steers were used in a 102-day growing study to determine optimum levels of alfalfa hay in limit-fed, high-energy, growing diets. Diets contained steam-flaked corn and 40% Sweet Bran® brand wet corn gluten feed (dry matter basis) with 0, 10, or 20% ground alfalfa hay. A fourth diet containing steam-flaked corn (no Sweet Bran) and 20% ground alfalfa hay was used as a control. Average daily gains and feed efficiencies in the growing phase were greater (P<.05) for cattle fed no alfalfa than for cattle fed the control, 10% alfalfa, or 20% alfalfa diets. Steers fed the control and 20% alfalfa diets had increased rates of dry matter intake (P<.05) compared to those fed no alfalfa. At the end of the growing phase, all cattle were placed on a common finishing diet and fed for 101 days. Dry matter intakes during the finishing phase for cattle previously fed no alfalfa were numerically less than intakes for cattle fed other diets and significantly less than intakes for cattle previously fed the control diet. Feed efficiencies were greater for cattle previously fed 20% alfalfa diets than those fed the control diet (P<.05). Average daily gains did not differ (P>.40) among diets during the finishing phase.

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In Vitro Degradation Of Betaine By Ruminal Microbes, C.A. Löest, C.K. Armendariz, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2000

In Vitro Degradation Of Betaine By Ruminal Microbes, C.A. Löest, C.K. Armendariz, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

An in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the degradation of betaine sources by rumen microbes. Five sources of betaine (anhydrous betaine, betaine-HCl, feed-grade betaine, lipidcoated betaine, and concentrated separator byproduct) were incubated in rumen fluid collected from steers fed grain- or forage-based diets. In vitro degradation of betaine was slower with the high roughage diet than the grain diet. Betaine from concentrated separator by-product was degraded most rapidly, but no large differences occurred among the other four sources. The disappearance of betaine from lipid-coated product indicates that it did not resist ruminal degradation. Although betaine from all sources was …

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Effects Of High-Grain Or High-Roughage Transition Diets On Finishing Performance Of Cattle Previously Fed High-Concentrate Growing Diets, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, T.A. Nutsch, James S. Drouillard Jan 2000

Effects Of High-Grain Or High-Roughage Transition Diets On Finishing Performance Of Cattle Previously Fed High-Concentrate Growing Diets, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, T.A. Nutsch, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred twenty-eight crossbred beef steers previously fed high-concentrate growing diets had ad libitum access to one of two transition diets prior to initiation of the finishing phase. Transition diets consisted of 58% steam-flaked corn and 30% alfalfa hay or of 23% steamflaked corn and 65% alfalfa hay (DM basis). Average daily gains, dry matter intakes, and feed efficiencies during the transition phase were greater for steers fed the high-grain diet than for steers fed the high-roughage diet (P<.01). This resulted in heavier carcass weights at the end of the subsequent finishing phase for steers fed the high-grain transition diet (P<.05). Average daily gains and feed efficiencies in the finishing phase were not affected by the type of diet fed during the transition phase (P>.20).

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Relationship Of Plasma Glucose To Performance And Carcass Traits In Finishing Cattle, H.J. Labrune, D.J. Bindel, C.C. Coetzer, C.A. Löest, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard Jan 2000

Relationship Of Plasma Glucose To Performance And Carcass Traits In Finishing Cattle, H.J. Labrune, D.J. Bindel, C.C. Coetzer, C.A. Löest, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Blood glucose levels of finishing cattle were measured between 3 and 30 days prior to slaughter and compared to performance and carcass traits. In trial 1, blood samples were obtained from 318 heifers at 2 hours postfeeding at 30 days before slaughter. Plasma glucose levels were correlated positively with fat thickness (P<.01) and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (P<.02). Trial 2 utilized 72 steers from which blood was collected at 15 hours postfeeding at 3 days before slaughter. Blood glucose was correlated positively with average daily gain (P<.01); dry matter intake (P<.01); hot carcass weight (P<.01); ribeye area (P<.01); fat thickness (P<.06); and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (P<.01). A third trial was conducted with 77 individually fed steers to determine if blood glucose levels could be used to predict finishing performance and carcass traits. Contrary to trials 1 and 2, plasma glucose did not reflect performance or carcass traits except marbling score (P<.03).

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Effects Of Florfenicol Metaphylaxis In Reducing Morbidity And Associated Performance Losses In Stressed Beef Calves, G.L. Huck, Gerald L. Stokka, T.T. Marston, Thomas R. Falkner Jan 2000

Effects Of Florfenicol Metaphylaxis In Reducing Morbidity And Associated Performance Losses In Stressed Beef Calves, G.L. Huck, Gerald L. Stokka, T.T. Marston, Thomas R. Falkner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In February, 1998, 191 crossbred steers (885 lb) were used in a 28-day feeding trial to evaluate the effects of florfenicol (Nuflor®) on morbidity of newly weaned, lightweight cattle. No clinical signs of illness were observed in either the medicated or control group. No statistically significant differences in daily gain, feed intake, or feed efficiency were observed between treated and nontreated cattle.

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Differences In Serum Immunoglobulin G1 And Total Protein Concentrations In Neonatal Calves On Days 1, 5, And 10, L.E. Wankel, T.T. Marston, Gerald L. Stokka, Timothy G. Rozell Jan 2000

Differences In Serum Immunoglobulin G1 And Total Protein Concentrations In Neonatal Calves On Days 1, 5, And 10, L.E. Wankel, T.T. Marston, Gerald L. Stokka, Timothy G. Rozell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) serum concentrations are used to evaluate passive transfer of immunity in neonatal calves. Total serum proteins also can be measured to evaluate calf health. If IgG1 and total serum protein concentrations change with age, it becomes imperative to compare samples only from a narrow time period. Otherwise, differences might be due to age and not immune status. To help define this time period, blood was drawn from 10 beef calves when they were 1, 5, and 10 days of age. Serum samples were analyzed for IgG1 and total protein concentrations. Total protein concentrations decreased from days 1 …

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