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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1997

Animal Sciences

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Delineation Of Geographic Markets For Fed Cattle, Ted C. Schroeder Jan 1997

Delineation Of Geographic Markets For Fed Cattle, Ted C. Schroeder

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Determining the extent of geographic markets for fed cattle is important for monitoring performance of the industry. The ability of packing plants to influence prices is determined in part by their ability to segment the market for fed cattle and isolate themselves from plants in other regions. This study analyzed transaction data from 43 U.S. steer and heifer slaughter plants collected by the Grain Inspection Packers and Stockyards Program for approximately a 1-year period during 1992-93. Beef packers procured an average of 64% of their cattle within 75 miles of packing plants, 82 % within 150 miles, and 92% within …

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Evaluation Of The Protein Characteristics Of Four Diverse Grasses, C.P. Mathis, I.E.O. Abdelgadir, R.C. Cochran, J.S. Heldt, B.C. Woods, E.S. Vanzant, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1997

Evaluation Of The Protein Characteristics Of Four Diverse Grasses, C.P. Mathis, I.E.O. Abdelgadir, R.C. Cochran, J.S. Heldt, B.C. Woods, E.S. Vanzant, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forage protein characteristics in four grasses were evaluated by the nylon bag method. All of the forages used (Bermudagrass hay, brome hay, forage sorghum hay, and prairie hay) were of relatively low quality, except the Bermudagrass, which was of average quality. The forages differed in the size of different protein fractions and in the rate and extent of protein degradation. Predicted extent of ruminal protein degradation (i.e., ruminal protein availability) was lowest for prairie hay, intermediate for Bermudagrass and forage sorghum hay, and highest for the brome hay.

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Evaluation Of The Effects Of Carbohydrate Source And Level Of Degradable Intake Protein On The Intake And Digestion Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, J.S. Heldt, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja Jan 1997

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Carbohydrate Source And Level Of Degradable Intake Protein On The Intake And Digestion Of Tallgrass-Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, J.S. Heldt, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, B.C. Woods, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Tiruvoor G. Nagaraja

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirteen ruminally fistulated steers were used to determine the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) source and degradable intake protein (DIP) on intake and digestion of tallgrass-prairie hay. In general, DIP supplementation had positive effects on intake and digestion, although response varied somewhat with CHO source. Increasing the amount of supplemental CHO generally decreased hay intake, but effects on digestion were dependent on CHO source.

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The Effects Of Supplementation Frequency And Amount Of Urea In Dry Supplements On Intake And Digestibility Of Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Forage By Beef Steers, B.C. Woods, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, J.S. Heldt, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1997

The Effects Of Supplementation Frequency And Amount Of Urea In Dry Supplements On Intake And Digestibility Of Low-Quality Tallgrass-Prairie Forage By Beef Steers, B.C. Woods, R.C. Cochran, C.P. Mathis, J.S. Heldt, Gerald L. Stokka, K. C. Olson, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sixteen ruminally fistulated steers were used to evaluate the effects of altering supplementation frequency and including urea in dry supplements on forage intake and digestion. Intake of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay was not affected by supplementation frequency or by the inclusion of urea. Supplementing cattle less frequently resulted in a decrease in diet digestion. However, we observed a slight trend for reduced supplementation frequency to exert a greater impact when cattle were fed supplements that contained urea.

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Effect Of Supplement Strategy On Intake And Digestion Of Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, R.H. Greenwood, C.A. Loest, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 1997

Effect Of Supplement Strategy On Intake And Digestion Of Prairie Hay By Beef Steers, R.H. Greenwood, C.A. Loest, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The effects of supple mental corn (4 lb/day), rumen-protected methionine (4.25 grams DL-methionine per day), or a cooked molasses block (1 lb/day) on intake and digestion of prairie hay were measured i n beef steers. Steers that consumed the cooked molasses block ate more forage than control steers, whereas forage intake was decreased by supplemental corn. Total tract organic matter digestion, expressed as a percent of intake, was numerically greatest for steers consuming the cooked molasses block. Digestible organic matter intake, a rough estimate of energy available to the steers, was unaffected by methionine but was increased by supplementation of …

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Effect Of Bacterial Inoculants On The Fermentation And Preservation Efficiencies And Nutritive Value Of Alfalfa Silage For Growing Steers, K.K. Bolsen, G.L. Huck, M.K. Siefers, J.E. Turner, S.A. Anderson, J.S. Pendergraft, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1997

Effect Of Bacterial Inoculants On The Fermentation And Preservation Efficiencies And Nutritive Value Of Alfalfa Silage For Growing Steers, K.K. Bolsen, G.L. Huck, M.K. Siefers, J.E. Turner, S.A. Anderson, J.S. Pendergraft, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two silage bacterial inoculants from Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. were evaluated using second-cutting alfalfa. The Pioneer brand 1174® inoculant and a Pioneer experimental inoculant each increased the rate and efficiency of the ensiling process in both farm-scale and laboratory-scale silos. The two inoculants increase d the DM recovery in the farm-scale silos compared to the untreated silage. Steers fed the experimental inoculant-treated silage gained faster (P<. 10) (2.56 vs. 2.37 lb per day), had a 4.0% higher DM intake, and were 4.3% more efficient than steers fed the untreated silage. The 1174-treated silage supported a numerically but not statistically better steer performance than the control silage. When the DM recovery results were combined with the feed per gain results, the silages with 1174 and experimental inoculant produced 5.3 and 10.5 lb more steer gain per ton of crop ensiled, respectively, than the control silage.

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Economics Of Sealing Horizontal Silos, G.L. Huck, J.E. Turner, M.K. Siefers, B.E. Brent, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope Jan 1997

Economics Of Sealing Horizontal Silos, G.L. Huck, J.E. Turner, M.K. Siefers, B.E. Brent, K.K. Bolsen, Matthew A. Young, Ronald V. Pope

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Determining the value of silage saved by effectively sealing a horizontal silo requires only a few simple calculations, but it is still a concept that is often overlooked by many livestock producers who store large amounts of silage in that manner. Kansas produces about 3.0 million tons of silage annually, primarily from corn and sorghum. A majority of this silage is made and stored in either bunker, trench, or "drive-over" pile silos . Only 20 to 30% of these silos are sealed after filling. Producers who do not seal need to take a second look at the economics of this …

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Estrus Detection, First Service Conception, And Embryonic Death In Beef Heifers Synchronized With Mga And Prostaglandin, G.C. Lamb, B.L. Miller, V. Traffas, L.R. Corah Jan 1997

Estrus Detection, First Service Conception, And Embryonic Death In Beef Heifers Synchronized With Mga And Prostaglandin, G.C. Lamb, B.L. Miller, V. Traffas, L.R. Corah

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In April, 1996, 1501 yearling crossbred heifers located on seven different ranches were estrus-synchronized and artificially inseminated (AI) 12 hours after they were detected in estrus. Herd size ranged from 82 to 43 9 head. Of the 1501 heifers, 86.1% were detected in estrus. First service conception rates of those 1292 heifers averaged 58.4% (40.3 to 68.8%). In three herds, ultrasonography was used to diagnose 525 heifers as pregnant at 30 days after AI. At 60 to 90 days after the breeding season, palpation of the uterus confirmed that embryonic death had occurred in 4.2% (4.0 to 4.8%). First service …

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Atp Bioluminescence Can Evaluate Cleaning And Sanitizing Effectiveness In The Milking Parlor (1997), M. J. Meyer, Karen A. Schmidt Jan 1997

Atp Bioluminescence Can Evaluate Cleaning And Sanitizing Effectiveness In The Milking Parlor (1997), M. J. Meyer, Karen A. Schmidt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four areas of the milking parlor were evaluated for effective cleaning and sanitation using total aerobic counts (standard plate count) and ATP bioluminescence (ATPB) techniques. Whereas the plate counts only monitor bacterial numbers, the ATPB results (reported as relative light units, RLU) also indicate residual soil or food residue on the surface. Results showed little correlation between the RLU values and the aerobic plate count data; however, the ATP bioluminescence system is a fast (<2>min) and simple method that evaluates the effectiveness of cleaning and sanitation procedures employed.; Dairy Day, 1997, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1997;

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Managing The Nutrition Program For Cow Comfort (1997), James R. Dunham Jan 1997

Managing The Nutrition Program For Cow Comfort (1997), James R. Dunham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Comfortable cows are contented cows. However, cows may be comfortable in their environment but also experience some discomfort because of the nutrition program. A good nutritional management program will improve desircow comfort by providing: 1) the proper balance of nutrients for efficient production; 2) buffers for high energy rations to prevent acidosis and consore feet; 3) rations in which grain cannot be consumed too rapidly; 4) rations with proper amounts of nonfiber carbohydrate; 5) highest quality forages during hot weather; 6) additional moisture in total mixed rations during hot weather; 7) a readily available water source; and 8) a bunk …

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Effects Of A High Protein, Whey Protein Concentrate And Spray-Dried Animal Plasma On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1997), G S. Grinstead, J C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1997

Effects Of A High Protein, Whey Protein Concentrate And Spray-Dried Animal Plasma On Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1997), G S. Grinstead, J C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 35-d experiment was conducted to compare the effects of increasing spray-dried animal plasma and a high protein whey concentrate (73% CP) on starter pig performance. Spray-dried animal plasma and whey protein concentrate replaced dried skin1 milk on an equal lysine basis. Pigs fed increasing spray-dried animal plasma protein had increased ADG and ADFI from d 0 to 7 after weaning, but not for any other period in the study. Increasing whey protein concentrate had no effect on growth perforn1ance in relation to the pigs fed dried skim milk.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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Pyridoxine, But Not Thiamin, Improves Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1997), J C. Woodworth, R E. Musser, J A. Loughmiller, S A. Moser, G S. Grinstead, P R. O'Quinn, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1997

Pyridoxine, But Not Thiamin, Improves Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs (1997), J C. Woodworth, R E. Musser, J A. Loughmiller, S A. Moser, G S. Grinstead, P R. O'Quinn, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two trials were conducted to determine whether pyridoxine or thiamine needs to be added to the diet for weanling pigs. In the first trial, weanling pigs were fed either a control diet or diets containing added thiamin (2.5 or 5.0 g/ton) or pyridoxine (3.5 or 7.0 g/ton). From d 0 to 14 after weaning, pigs fed added pyridoxine had increased ADG and ADFI, with pigs fed 3.5 g/ton of added pyridoxine having the greatest response. Growth performance was not improved by added thiamin. In a second trial, weanling pigs were fed a control diet or diets containing 1, 2, 3, …

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Effects Of Additional L-Carnitine During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance Of First Parity Gilts (1997), R E. Musser, C A. Civis, S A. Blum, K Q. Owen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1997

Effects Of Additional L-Carnitine During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance Of First Parity Gilts (1997), R E. Musser, C A. Civis, S A. Blum, K Q. Owen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 107 first parity gilts was used to determine the effects of 50 ppm of added L-carnitine during lactation on sow and litter performance. At farrowing, gilts were fed a milo-soybean meal diet with or without 50 ppm of added L-carnitine. No differences were observed in litter weaning weight or weight gain or changes in sow weight and last rib fat depth during lactation. Although sows fed additional L-carnitine had lower average daily feed intake the first week of lactation, no differences were observed during the second week or in overall average daily feed intake. These results suggest …

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Effects Of L-Carnitine On Performance Of Gestating And Lactating Sows (1997), R E. Musser, K Q. Owen, S A. Blum, C A. Civis, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1997

Effects Of L-Carnitine On Performance Of Gestating And Lactating Sows (1997), R E. Musser, K Q. Owen, S A. Blum, C A. Civis, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 307 sows was used to determine the effects of adding 50 ppm of L-carnitine in gestation and lactation diets on sow and litter performance. Addition of 50 ppm L-carnitine in gestation increased both total litter (34.1 vs 32.1 lb) and pig (3.48 vs 3.27 lb) birth weight. Litter weaning weights increased (99.03 vs 90.71 lb) when sows were fed added L-carnitine during gestation. Sows fed added L-carnitine in gestation had increased IGF-I concentrations on d 60 and 90 (71.3 vs 38.0, and 33.0 vs 25.0 ng/ml, respectively). These results suggest that feeding 50 ppm of added L-carnitine …

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Historical Economic Returns To Alternative Swine Enterprises In Kansas (1997), R Jones, Michael R. Langemeier Jan 1997

Historical Economic Returns To Alternative Swine Enterprises In Kansas (1997), R Jones, Michael R. Langemeier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study examines historical net returns to average Kansas swine producers over the past 16 years. Swine production has been a profitable enterprise. As expected, average returns per head have been higher for farrow-to-finish producers than for feeder pig finishers, and farrow-to-finish producers have nearly always been able to at least cover variable costs of production.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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Lagoon Seepage Through Soil Liners (1997), James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner Jan 1997

Lagoon Seepage Through Soil Liners (1997), James P. Murphy, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Most compacted soils can be used for lagoon liners to achieve seepage guidelines established by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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1997 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service Jan 1997

1997 Agricultural Research Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University. Agricultural Experiment Station And Cooperative Extension Service

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

No abstract provided.

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Freestall Design And Management For Cow Comfort (1997), John F. Smith, G. A. Jones, Joseph P. Harner Jan 1997

Freestall Design And Management For Cow Comfort (1997), John F. Smith, G. A. Jones, Joseph P. Harner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The design and management of freestall 4) air or vision. facilities are critical in maintaining cow comfort and high milk production. Dairy produc- Lunge Space ers should be conscious of the factors affecting cow comfort in freestall facilities. These The first reason a freestall may fail is lack factors include: ventilation, water availability, of lunge space. A cow needs forward or side feed availability, stall design, and stall bed- lunge space to maneuver in and out of the stall ding. Dairy producers should strive to have easily. There should be no obstructions in lactating cows standing to be milked; standing …

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Flushing Manure Systems For Dairy Facilities (1997), Joseph P. Harner, James P. Murphy Jan 1997

Flushing Manure Systems For Dairy Facilities (1997), Joseph P. Harner, James P. Murphy

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Flushing systems that collect and transport manure are utilized in dairy operations. The sanitation attainable and reduced labor requirements can make flushing a desirable option. Designed flush systems utilize a flush device to effirelease the correct volume of water at the appropriate discharge rate and length of time. This achieves the designed flow velocity, contact Tatime, and depth of water in the gutter to obtain miniadequate cleaning.; Dairy Day, 1997, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1997;

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Synchronization Of Estrus And Ovulation In Dairy Heifers Using Norgestomet, Gnrh, And Pgf2Α (1997), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, K. E. Thompson, John F. Smith, D. E. Hawkins Jan 1997

Synchronization Of Estrus And Ovulation In Dairy Heifers Using Norgestomet, Gnrh, And Pgf2Α (1997), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, K. E. Thompson, John F. Smith, D. E. Hawkins

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were performed using the same treatments. All heifers received two injections of PGF2α 14 days apart. Controls then were inseminated after detected estrus. Heifers assigned to the two treatments also received 6 mg of norgestomet for 8 days beginning 7 days before the second of two PGF2α injections. The heifers in the last treatment also received GnRH 48 hr after the second PGF2α injection to induce ovulation in any heifer not observed in estrus before a fixed-time insemination at 72 hr after PGF2α. In Experiment 1, any control heifer or herifer in the two treatments not detected in …

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Effects Of Dietary Energy Density And Lysine:Calorie Ratio On The Growth Performance Of Growing Pigs And Subsequent Finishing Performance (1997), J W. Smith Ii, P R. O'Quinn, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1997

Effects Of Dietary Energy Density And Lysine:Calorie Ratio On The Growth Performance Of Growing Pigs And Subsequent Finishing Performance (1997), J W. Smith Ii, P R. O'Quinn, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred twenty crossbred gilts were used in a growth trial to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary energy density and lysine:calorie ratio on growing pig growth performance and subsequent finishing performance. Feeding 3% choice white grease and 3.45 g lysine:Mcal ME maximized growth performance of growing gilts. Choice white grease additions and increasing lysine:calorie ratio during growing (65 to 160 lb) did not affect carcass back fat or loin depth at 235 lb.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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Effects Of Poultry Fat And Choice White Grease On Finishing Pig Growth Performance, General Carcass Characteristics, And Pork Longissimus Muscle Quality (1997), J J. Engel, J W. Smith Ii, Robert D. Goodband, John A. Unruh, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1997

Effects Of Poultry Fat And Choice White Grease On Finishing Pig Growth Performance, General Carcass Characteristics, And Pork Longissimus Muscle Quality (1997), J J. Engel, J W. Smith Ii, Robert D. Goodband, John A. Unruh, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighty-four crossbred gilts were used to exan1ine the effects of increasing dietary additions of poultry fat (PF) or choice white grease (CWG) on finishing pig growth performance, standard carcass characteristics, and longissimus muscle quality. Increasing CWG or PF improved feed efficiency. Increasing CWG tended to increase then decrease longissimus muscle visual color compared with longissimus muscles from those animals fed PF. Pigs fed CWG had firmer, less exudative, and more purplish-red (measured by a Minolta chronometer) longissimus muscles compared with pigs fed PF. Feeding CWG or PF did not affect standard carcass traits and had minimal effects on longissimus muscle …

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Influence Of Dietary Tryptophan Levels On The Growth Performance Of Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (10 To 20 Lb) (1997), J A. Loughmiller, D A. Knabe, K Hongtrakul, P R. O'Quinn, S Moser, J W. Smith Ii, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach Jan 1997

Influence Of Dietary Tryptophan Levels On The Growth Performance Of Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (10 To 20 Lb) (1997), J A. Loughmiller, D A. Knabe, K Hongtrakul, P R. O'Quinn, S Moser, J W. Smith Ii, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 pigs (averaging 13 d of age and 9.4 lb) was used to determine the effects of increasing dietary tryptophan:lysine ratio on the growth performance of segregated early-weaned (SEW) pigs. Two apparent digestible lysine levels (1. 15 and 1.50 %) and six apparent digestible tryptophan: lysine ratios (12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5 and 25%) were fed from d 0 to 16 after weaning. Lysine x tryptophan interactions were observed for ADG and F/G. Increasing the tryptophan: lysine ratio in the low lysine diets improved ADG and F/G in a quadratic manner. Increasing the tryptophan level had no …

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Determining The Optimal Tryptophan:Lysine Ratio For The Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (25 To 50 Lb) (1997), J A. Loughmiller, D A. Knabe, K Hongtrakul, S Moser, C Civis, P R. O'Quinn, J W. Smith Ii, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband Jan 1997

Determining The Optimal Tryptophan:Lysine Ratio For The Segregated Early-Weaned Pigs (25 To 50 Lb) (1997), J A. Loughmiller, D A. Knabe, K Hongtrakul, S Moser, C Civis, P R. O'Quinn, J W. Smith Ii, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 21 d growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing the apparent digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio on growth performance of the 25 to 50 lb pig raised in a high-health, segregated early-weaning (SEW) system. Ten diets were fed with two levels of lysine (.75% and 1.10% apparent digestible lysine) and five apparent digestible tryptophan levels (13, 16, 19, 22, or 25% of lysine). Feeding the high dietary lysine consistently improved ADG and FIG and reduced ADFI. Increasing the tryptophan: lysine ratio did not improve overall performance. Based upon our results, the dietary tryptophan level to maximize growth performance …

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Fetal And Maternal Responses To High Feed Intake From Day 29 To 45 Of Gestation (1997), R E. Musser, J W. Smith Ii, L L. Burum, C J. Samland, Duane L. Davis, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Theresa J. Rathbun, Steven S. Dritz Jan 1997

Fetal And Maternal Responses To High Feed Intake From Day 29 To 45 Of Gestation (1997), R E. Musser, J W. Smith Ii, L L. Burum, C J. Samland, Duane L. Davis, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Theresa J. Rathbun, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Parity-four sows were fed either 4.0 Ib/d (control, n = 6) or 14.0 Ib/d (high, n = 9) of feed from d 29 to 45 of gestation. On d 45 of ges~tion, sows were slaughtered and uteri collected for fetal and placental measurements. High-feed-intake sows gained more weight from. d 29 to 45 compared to control sows. Providing feed in excess of established requirements to gestating sows from d 29 to 45 of gestation increased IGF-I concentrations in maternal plasma and decreased crown-rump length variation of the fetus. Increased feed intake resulted in a removal of the correlation between average …

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Summary Of Kansas State University Swine Enterprise Record 1997, Michael R. Langemeier, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen Jan 1997

Summary Of Kansas State University Swine Enterprise Record 1997, Michael R. Langemeier, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The Kansas Swine Enterprise Record Program evaluates biological and economic performance and is part of a cooperative record- keeping project with Extension personnel and swine producers in Kansas. Nebraska, and South Dakota. From January 1 to December 31, 1996, profit per cwt of pork produced by these producers (13 semiannual and 18 annual data) averaged $10.62 for the last 6 months of 1996 and $8.08 for the entire year. Producers in the top one-third in terms of profitability had average profits of $15.11 per cwt, whereas producers in the bottom one-third had average profits of $.73 per cwt for the …

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Trends In The Swine Industry: Productivity Measures (1997), Kevin C. Dhuyvetter, J L. Parcell Jan 1997

Trends In The Swine Industry: Productivity Measures (1997), Kevin C. Dhuyvetter, J L. Parcell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Productivity has been trending up in the swine industry over the last 15 years. Much of the increased productivity is due to increased pigs/litter and increased market weights. The efficiency of the breeding herd (litters/sow/year) has been trending up in the U.S. but has remained relatively constant in Kansas.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 1997

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High Carbon Dioxide, Modified-Atmosphere Packaging (Map) For Beef Steaks, S.E. Luchsinger, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf Jan 1997

High Carbon Dioxide, Modified-Atmosphere Packaging (Map) For Beef Steaks, S.E. Luchsinger, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

To determine the effects of storage in a high-carbon dioxide, modified-atmosphere package (MAP) on shelf life, beef strip steaks were packaged under 30% CO2-70% N2 and stored for up to 42 days at 30 or 38 ÌŠF. Aerobic plate counts (APC) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in these ExtendPak™ packages were well below the threshold of spoilage even after 42 days of MAP storage. After 28 days of storage, steaks stored in vacuum packages had APC counts 1.0 log 10 greater than steaks in MAP. APCs increased during a 5-day display period in steaks store d in vacuum packages, …

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Steam Pasteurization To Reduce Bacterial Populations On Commercially Slaughtered Beef Carcasses, D.E. Schafer, Curtis L. Kastner, Randall K. Phebus, Abbey L. Nutsch Jan 1997

Steam Pasteurization To Reduce Bacterial Populations On Commercially Slaughtered Beef Carcasses, D.E. Schafer, Curtis L. Kastner, Randall K. Phebus, Abbey L. Nutsch

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A steam pasteurization system (SPS) has been shown in laboratory and commercial evaluations to effectively reduce bacterial populations on freshly slaughtered beef. Our study evaluate d the bactericidal uniformity of SPS. Samples were collected from the five anatomical locations, one per carcass, 40 samples per location , so that 200 carcasses were evaluated before and 200 after pasteurization. Each carcass was sampled by wiping a 300 c m2 area of the specified location with a moist, sterile sponge. For all locations, the total aerobic plate count (APC) after pasteurization was lower (P#.01). Before pasteurization, the midline was contaminate d most …

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Liquid Smoke Effects On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Beef Trimmings And Ground Beef Patties, R. Estrada-Munoz, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, James L. Marsden Jan 1997

Liquid Smoke Effects On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Beef Trimmings And Ground Beef Patties, R. Estrada-Munoz, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Liquid smoke (LS) reduce d Escherichia coli O157:H7 counts in inoculated beef trimmings and ground beef patties. The counts were reduced (P<.05) by .5 log 10 cfu/g immediately after beef trimmings were treated with 8% LS and by 1.2, 2.0, 1.6, and 2.3 log 10 cfu/g after the trimmings were formed into patties and tested or stored under refrigeration for 1, 2, and 3 days, respectively (2 log10 reduction represents 99%) Thus, LS could make beef-containing products safer with respect to foodborne pathogens.

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