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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Drift And Activity Responses Of Black Flies (Simulium Vittatum) In The Field: Influences Of Tactile And Injury-Released Stimuli From Simulated Predation, Aaron M. Sullivan, Elyse C. Johnson
Drift And Activity Responses Of Black Flies (Simulium Vittatum) In The Field: Influences Of Tactile And Injury-Released Stimuli From Simulated Predation, Aaron M. Sullivan, Elyse C. Johnson
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Prey must manage threat from many types of predators; therefore, selection should favor sensory mechanisms that allow the refinement of defensive behavior. To assess responses to tactile and chemical stimuli related to predation, we observed drift and activity of larval black flies ( Simulium vittatum) to simulated predator contact intended to imitate benthic and drift predators as well as a combination of tactile and injury-released stimuli. In the field, larvae responded to tactile stimuli applied to the head with a higher frequency of curling and posterior abdominal segments with a higher frequency of drifting. Additionally, chemical cues from injured conspecifics …
On Temporal Variation And Conflicting Selection Pressures: A Test Of Theory Using Newts, Jason R. Rohr, Dale M. Madison, Aaron M. Sullivan
On Temporal Variation And Conflicting Selection Pressures: A Test Of Theory Using Newts, Jason R. Rohr, Dale M. Madison, Aaron M. Sullivan
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Most studies that examine conflicting selection pressures hold resources and risks constant, despite their ubiquitous fluctuation. Since little is known about the consequences of neglecting this variation, we examined the temporal response of male red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, to conflicting female pheromones and damage-release alarm chemicals signaling predation. After a single exposure in both the laboratory and field, males were attracted to female odor and avoided conspecific alarm chemicals. Response to these combined cues depended on time after exposure, with males initially avoiding, and then being attracted to, the cue combination. This response shift was due to the resource and …
A Complex, Cross-Taxon, Chemical Releaser Of Antipredator Behavior In Amphibians, Dale M. Madison, Aaron M. Sullivan, John C. Maerz, James H. Mcdarby, Jason R. Rohr
A Complex, Cross-Taxon, Chemical Releaser Of Antipredator Behavior In Amphibians, Dale M. Madison, Aaron M. Sullivan, John C. Maerz, James H. Mcdarby, Jason R. Rohr
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Prey species show diverse antipredator responses to chemical cues signaling predation threat. Among terrestrial vertebrates, the red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, is an important species in the study of these chemical defenses. During the day and early evening, this species avoids rinses from garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, independent of snake diet, but late at night, avoids only those rinses from garter snakes that have recently eaten P. cinereus. We tested whether the selective, late-night response requires the ingestion or injury of salamanders. In three experiments, we tested P. cinereus for their responses to separate or combined rinses from salamanders (undisturbed, distressed, …