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- Biotic interactions (3)
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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Species Interactions Weakly Modify Climate-Induced Tree Co-Occurrence Patterns, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry, David M. Bell
Species Interactions Weakly Modify Climate-Induced Tree Co-Occurrence Patterns, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry, David M. Bell
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Aims: Species distributions are hypothesized to be underlain by a complex association of processes that span multiple spatial scales including biotic interactions, dispersal limitation, fine-scale resource gradients and climate. Species disequilibrium with climate may reflect the effects of non-climatic processes on species distributions, yet distribution models have rarely directly considered non-climatic processes. Here, we use a Joint Species Distribution Model (JSDM) to investigate the influence of non-climatic factors on species co-occurrence patterns and to directly quantify the relative influences of climate and alternative processes that may generate correlated responses in species distributions, such as species interactions, on tree co-occurrence patterns. …
Effects Of Size, Caudal Autotomy, And Predator Kairomones On The Foraging Behavior Of Alleghany Mountain Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus Ochrophaeus), Emilia A.R. Gildemeister, Wesley I. Payette, Aaron M. Sullivan
Effects Of Size, Caudal Autotomy, And Predator Kairomones On The Foraging Behavior Of Alleghany Mountain Dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus Ochrophaeus), Emilia A.R. Gildemeister, Wesley I. Payette, Aaron M. Sullivan
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Prey must balance the conflicting demands of foraging and defensive behavior. Foraging under the threat of predation may be further complicated among species that engage in caudal autotomy, the loss of a portion of the tail at preformed breakage planes, because the tail may serve as an important energy storage organ and contribute to motility, culminating in a trade-off between foraging and predator avoidance. As a result of the advantages conferred by the presence of a tail, individuals that have recently undergone autotomy may be more motivated to forage despite elevated levels of threat indicated by predator kairomones. We used …
Collidoscope: An Improved Tool For Computing Collisional Cross Sections With The Trajectory Method, Simon A. Ewing, Micah T. Donor, Jesse W. Wilson, James S. Prell
Collidoscope: An Improved Tool For Computing Collisional Cross Sections With The Trajectory Method, Simon A. Ewing, Micah T. Donor, Jesse W. Wilson, James S. Prell
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry (IM-MS) can be a powerful tool for determining structural information about ions in the gas phase, from small covalent analytes to large, unfolded, and/or denatured proteins and complexes. For large biomolecular ions, which may have a wide variety of possible gas-phase conformations and multiple charge sites, quantitative, physically explicit modeling of collisional cross sections (CCSs) for comparison to IMS data can be challenging and time-consuming. We present a “trajectory method” (TM) based CCS calculator, named “Collidoscope”, which utilizes parallel processing and optimized trajectory sampling, and implements both He and N2 as collision gas options. Also included is …
Beneficial Aerodynamic Effect Of Wing Scales On The Climbing Flight Of Butterflies, Nathan Slegers, Michael Heilman, Jacob Cranford, Amy Lang, John Yoder, Maria Laura Habegger
Beneficial Aerodynamic Effect Of Wing Scales On The Climbing Flight Of Butterflies, Nathan Slegers, Michael Heilman, Jacob Cranford, Amy Lang, John Yoder, Maria Laura Habegger
Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering
It is hypothesized that butterfly wing scale geometry and surface patterning may function to improve aerodynamic efficiency. In order to investigate this hypothesis, a method to measure butterfly flapping kinematics optically over long uninhibited flapping sequences was developed. Statistical results for the climbing flight flapping kinematics of 11 butterflies, based on a total of 236 individual flights, both with and without their wing scales, are presented. Results show, that for each of the 11 butterflies, the mean climbing efficiency decreased after scales were removed. Data was reduced to a single set of differences of climbing efficiency using are paired t …
Toward An Improved Conceptual Understanding Of North American Tree Species Distributions, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry
Toward An Improved Conceptual Understanding Of North American Tree Species Distributions, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Species distributions have often been assumed to represent climatic limitations, yet recent evidence has challenged these assumptions and emphasized the potential importance of biotic interactions, dispersal limitation, and disturbance. Despite significant investigation into these factors, an integrated understanding of where and when they may be important is lacking. Here, we review evidence for the factors underlying the historical and contemporary distributions of North American tree species and argue that a cohesive conceptual framework must be informed by an understanding of species ecological and evolutionary history. We further demonstrate that available evidence offers little indication of a significant, independent influence of …
Hovering In The Heat: Effects Of Environmental Temperature On Heat Regulation In Foraging Hummingbirds, Don R. Powers, Kathleen M. Langland, Susan M. Wethington, Sean D. Powers, Catherine H. Graham, Bret W. Tobalske
Hovering In The Heat: Effects Of Environmental Temperature On Heat Regulation In Foraging Hummingbirds, Don R. Powers, Kathleen M. Langland, Susan M. Wethington, Sean D. Powers, Catherine H. Graham, Bret W. Tobalske
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
At high temperature (greater than 40°C) endotherms experience reduced passive heat dissipation (radiation, conduction and convection) and increased reliance on evaporative heat loss. High temperatures challenge flying birds due to heat produced by wing muscles. Hummingbirds depend on flight for foraging, yet inhabit hot regions. We used infrared thermography to explore how lower passive heat dissipation during flight impacts body-heat management in broad-billed (Cynanthus latirostris, 3.0 g), black-chinned (Archilochus alexandri, 3.0 g), Rivoli’s (Eugenes fulgens, 7.5 g) and blue-throated (Lampornis clemenciae, 8.0 g) hummingbirds in southeastern Arizona and calliope hummingbirds (Selasphorus calliope, 2.6 g) in Montana. Thermal gradients driving passive …
Fluorescence Induction Of Photosynthetic Bacteria, G. Spika, M. Kis, James L. Smart, P. Maroti
Fluorescence Induction Of Photosynthetic Bacteria, G. Spika, M. Kis, James L. Smart, P. Maroti
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
The kinetics of bacteriochlorophyll fluorescence in intact cells of the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides were measured under continuous and pulsed actinic laser diode (808 nm wavelength and maximum 2 W light power) illumination on the micro- and millisecond timescale. The fluorescence induction curve was interpreted in terms of a combination of photochemical and triplet fluorescence quenchers and was demonstrated to be a reflection of redox changes and electron carrier dynamics. By adjustment of the conditions of single and multiple turnovers of the reaction center, we obtained 11 ms–1 and 120 μs–1 for the rate constants of cytochrome c2 3+ …
Using Whole-Group Metabolic Rate And Behaviour To Assess The Energetics Of Courtship In Red-Sided Garter Snakes, Christopher R. Friesen, Don Powers, Robert T. Mason
Using Whole-Group Metabolic Rate And Behaviour To Assess The Energetics Of Courtship In Red-Sided Garter Snakes, Christopher R. Friesen, Don Powers, Robert T. Mason
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Reproductive effort is an important aspect of life history as reproductive success is arguably the most important component of fitness. Males tend to compete for access to females and, in the process, expend their energetic capital on mate searching, maleemale competition and courtship rather than directly on offspring. Red-sided garter snakes, Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis, are an exceptional model for studying energetic costs of courtship and mating as they fast during the spring mating season, which segregates the cost of energy acquisition from the cost of courtship and mating. However, measuring an individual male's metabolic rate during courtship is complicated by …
Species Interactions Weakly Modify Climate-Induced Tree Co-Occurrence Patterns, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry
Species Interactions Weakly Modify Climate-Induced Tree Co-Occurrence Patterns, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Aims: Species distributions are hypothesized to be underlain by a complex association of processes that span multiple spatial scales including biotic interactions, dispersal limitation, fine-scale resource gradients and climate. Species disequilibrium with climate may reflect the effects of non-climatic processes on species distributions, yet distribution models have rarely directly considered non-climatic processes. Here, we use a Joint Species Distribution Model (JSDM) to investigate the influence of non-climatic factors on species co-occurrence patterns and to directly quantify the relative influences of climate and alternative processes that may generate correlated responses in species distributions, such as species interactions, on tree co-occurrence patterns. …
Exploring The Interaction Of Drosophila Tdp-43 And The Type Ii Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel, Cacophony, In Regulating Motor Function And Behavior, Kayly M. Lembke, David B. Morton
Exploring The Interaction Of Drosophila Tdp-43 And The Type Ii Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel, Cacophony, In Regulating Motor Function And Behavior, Kayly M. Lembke, David B. Morton
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult onset motor neurodegenerative disease. The cause of the disease remains obscure, and as such there is no effective treatment or cure. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases are frequently characterized by dysfunction of the RNA-binding protein, TDP-43. Using model systems to understand the mechanisms underlying TDP-43 dysfunction should accelerate identification of therapeutic targets. A recent report has shown that motor defects caused by the deletion of the Drosophila TDP-43 ortholog, tbph, are not driven by changes in the physiology at the neuromuscular junction. Rather, defective motor burst rhythmicity and coordination, …
Restoration Of Motor Defects Caused By Loss Of Drosophila Tdp-43 By Expression Of The Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel, Cacophony, In Central Neurons, Kayly M. Lembke, David B. Norton, Charles Scudder
Restoration Of Motor Defects Caused By Loss Of Drosophila Tdp-43 By Expression Of The Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel, Cacophony, In Central Neurons, Kayly M. Lembke, David B. Norton, Charles Scudder
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Defects in the RNA-binding protein, TDP-43, are known to cause a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar dementia. A variety of experimental systems have shown that neurons are sensitive to TDP-43 expression levels, yet the specific functional defects resulting from TDP-43 dysregulation have not been well described. Using the Drosophila TDP-43 ortholog TBPH, we previously showed that TBPH-null animals display locomotion defects as third instar larvae. Furthermore, loss of TBPH caused a reduction in cacophony, a Type II voltage-gated calcium channel, expression and that genetically restoring cacophony in motor neurons in TBPH mutant animals was …
Extended Protein Ions Are Formed By The Chain Ejection Model In Chemical Supercharging Electrospray Ionization, Micah T. Donor, Simon A. Ewing, Muhammad A. Zenaidee, William A. Donald, James S. Prell
Extended Protein Ions Are Formed By The Chain Ejection Model In Chemical Supercharging Electrospray Ionization, Micah T. Donor, Simon A. Ewing, Muhammad A. Zenaidee, William A. Donald, James S. Prell
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Supercharging electrospray ionization can be a powerful tool for increasing charge states in mass spectra and generating unfolded ion structures, yet key details of its mechanism remain unclear. The structures of highly extended protein ions and the mechanism of supercharging were investigated using ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Head-to-tail-linked polyubiquitins (Ubq1−11) were used to determine size and charge state scaling laws for unfolded protein ions formed by supercharging while eliminating amino acid composition as a potential confounding factor. Collisional cross section was found to scale linearly with mass for these ions and several other monomeric proteins, and the maximum observed charge state …