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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Rhebi Expression In Embryonic And Postnatal Mouse, Qi Tian, James L. Smart, Joachim H. Clement, Yingming Wang, Alex Derkatch, Harald Schubert, Michael V. Danilchik, Daniel L. Marks, Lev M. Fedorov
Rhebi Expression In Embryonic And Postnatal Mouse, Qi Tian, James L. Smart, Joachim H. Clement, Yingming Wang, Alex Derkatch, Harald Schubert, Michael V. Danilchik, Daniel L. Marks, Lev M. Fedorov
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB1) is a member within the superfamily of GTP-binding proteins encoded by the RAS oncogenes. RHEB1 is located at the crossroad of several important pathways including the insulin-signaling pathways and thus plays an important role in different physiological processes. To understand better the physiological relevance of RHEB1 protein, the expres- sion pattern of RHEB1 was analyzed in both embryonic (at E3.5–E16.5) and adult (1-month old) mice. RHEB1 immu- nostaining and X-gal staining were used for wild-type and Rheb1 gene trap mutant mice, respectively. These inde- pendent methods revealed similar RHEB1 expression pat- terns during both …
Three-Dimensional Simulation For Fast Forward Flight Of A Calliope Hummingbird, Jialei Song, Bret W. Tobalske, Don Powers, Tyson Hedrick, Haoxiang Luo
Three-Dimensional Simulation For Fast Forward Flight Of A Calliope Hummingbird, Jialei Song, Bret W. Tobalske, Don Powers, Tyson Hedrick, Haoxiang Luo
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
We present a computational study of flapping-wing aerodynamics of a calliope hummingbird (Selasphorus calliope) during fast forward flight. Three-dimensional wing kinematics were incorporated into the model by extracting time-dependent wing position from high-speed videos of the bird flying in a wind tunnel at 8.3 m s−1. The advance ratio, i.e. the ratio between flight speed and average wingtip speed, is around one. An immersed-boundary method was used to simulate flow around the wings and bird body. The result shows that both downstroke and upstroke in a wingbeat cycle produce significant thrust for the bird to overcome …
Scale-Dependent Contributions Of Abiotic And Biotic Factors To Tree Species Composition Patterns In The Us Rocky Mountains, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry
Scale-Dependent Contributions Of Abiotic And Biotic Factors To Tree Species Composition Patterns In The Us Rocky Mountains, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Scale-dependence is recognized as a ubiquitous feature of ecological systems. Ecologists have traditionally hypothesized a hierarchy of factors affecting the composition of ecological communities, with biotic interactions exerting a dominant influence at fine spatial scales, and abiotic factors such as climate driving patterns at broad spatial scales. However, the role of biotic interactions at macroecological scales has been increasingly questioned, with many ecologists hypothesizing that biotic interactions may have discernable effects on species distributions. Here, I evaluate the relative effects of climate and species interactions on composition patterns of tree species in the US Rocky Mountains. At fine spatial scales, …
Rheb1 Expression In Embryonic And Postnatal Mouse, Qi Tian, James L. Smart, Joachim H. Clement, Yingming Wang, Alex Derkatch, Harald Schubert, Michael V. Danilchik, Daniel L. Marks, Lev M. Federov
Rheb1 Expression In Embryonic And Postnatal Mouse, Qi Tian, James L. Smart, Joachim H. Clement, Yingming Wang, Alex Derkatch, Harald Schubert, Michael V. Danilchik, Daniel L. Marks, Lev M. Federov
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB1) is a member within the superfamily of GTP-binding proteins encoded by the RAS oncogenes. RHEB1 is located at the crossroad of several important pathways including the insulin-signaling pathways and thus plays an important role in different physiological processes. To understand better the physiological relevance of RHEB1 protein, the expres-sion pattern of RHEB1 was analyzed in both embryonic (at E3.5–E16.5) and adult (1-month old) mice. RHEB1 immu-nostaining and X-gal staining were used for wild-type and Rheb1 gene trap mutant mice, respectively. These inde-pendent methods revealed similar RHEB1 expression pat-terns during both embryonic and postnatal developments. …
Flight Mechanics And Control Of Escape Manoeuvres In Hummingbirds. I. Flight Kinematics, Bo Cheng, Bret W. Tobalske, Donald R. Powers, Tyson L. Hedrick, Susan M. Wethington, George T.C. Chiu, Xinyan Deng
Flight Mechanics And Control Of Escape Manoeuvres In Hummingbirds. I. Flight Kinematics, Bo Cheng, Bret W. Tobalske, Donald R. Powers, Tyson L. Hedrick, Susan M. Wethington, George T.C. Chiu, Xinyan Deng
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Hummingbirds are nature’s masters of aerobatic manoeuvres. Previous research shows that hummingbirds and insects converged evolutionarily upon similar aerodynamic mechanisms and kinematics in hovering. Herein, we use three-dimensional kinematic data to begin to test for similar convergence of kinematics used for escape flight and to explore the effects of body size upon manoeuvring. We studied four hummingbird species in North America including two large species (magnificent hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens, 7.8 g, and blue-throated hummingbird, Lampornis clemenciae, 8.0 g) and two smaller species (broad-billed hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris, 3.4 g, and black-chinned hummingbirds Archilochus alexandri, 3.1 g). Starting from a steady hover, …
1-65-S-Algal Blooms: Algal Blooms Threatening Lake Chapala, R. Corban Harwood
1-65-S-Algal Blooms: Algal Blooms Threatening Lake Chapala, R. Corban Harwood
Faculty Publications - Department of Mathematics
This modeling scenario investigates the massive algal blooms that struck Lake Chapala, Mexico, starting in 1994. After reading a summary of articles written on the incidents, students are guided through the process of creating a first order differential equation from a verbal model of the factors and analyze the nonautonomous ODE using direction field, parameter evaluation, and exact solution computation to fully describe the population behavior. Students are expected to be familiar with the separable method and direction fields. Students will learn building and improving a model from qualitative descriptions, nondimensionalization, evaluating parameters, and how to use DFIELD software to …
Exploring Agricultural Production Systems And Their Fundamental Components With System Dynamics Modelling, Jeffrey P. Walters, David W. Archer, Gretchen F. Sassenrath, John R. Hendrickson, Jon D. Hanson, John M. Halloran, Peter Vadas, Vladimir J. Alarcon
Exploring Agricultural Production Systems And Their Fundamental Components With System Dynamics Modelling, Jeffrey P. Walters, David W. Archer, Gretchen F. Sassenrath, John R. Hendrickson, Jon D. Hanson, John M. Halloran, Peter Vadas, Vladimir J. Alarcon
Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering
Agricultural production in the United States is undergoing marked changes due to rapid shifts in consumer demands, input costs, and concerns for food safety and environmental impact. Agricultural production systems are comprised of multidimensional components and drivers that interact in complex ways to influence production sustainability. In a mixed-methods approach, we combine qualitative and quantitative data to develop and simulate a system dynamics model that explores the systemic interaction of these drivers on the economic, environmental and social sustainability of agricultural production. We then use this model to evaluate the role of each driver in determining the differences in sustainability …
Winter Conditions Influence Biological Responses Of Migrating Hummingbirds, Catherine H. Graham, Sarah R. Supp, Donald R. Powers, Pieter Beck, Marisa C. W. Lim, Anusha Shankar, Scott Goetz, Susan M. Wethington
Winter Conditions Influence Biological Responses Of Migrating Hummingbirds, Catherine H. Graham, Sarah R. Supp, Donald R. Powers, Pieter Beck, Marisa C. W. Lim, Anusha Shankar, Scott Goetz, Susan M. Wethington
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Conserving biological diversity given ongoing environmental changes requires the knowledge of how organisms respond biologically to these changes; however, we rarely have this information. This data deficiency can be addressed with coordinated monitoring programs that provide field data across temporal and spatial scales and with process-based models, which provide a method for predicting how species, in particular migrating species that face different conditions across their range, will respond to climate change. We evaluate whether environmental conditions in the wintering grounds of broad-tailed hummingbirds influence physiological and behavioral attributes of their migration. To quantify winter ground conditions, we used operative temperature …
The Relative Influences Of Climate And Competition On Tree Growth Along Montane Ecotones In The Rocky Mountains, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry, Ellie Cannon
The Relative Influences Of Climate And Competition On Tree Growth Along Montane Ecotones In The Rocky Mountains, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry, Ellie Cannon
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Distribution shifts of tree species are likely to be highly dependent upon population performance at distribution edges. Understanding the drivers of aspects of performance, such as growth, at distribution edges is thus crucial to accurately predicting responses of tree species to climate change. Here, we use a Bayesian model and sensitivity analysis to partition the effects of climate and crowding, as a metric of competition, on radial growth of three dominant conifer species along montane ecotones in the Rocky Mountains. These ecotones represent upper and lower distribution edges of two species, and span the distribution interior of the third species. …
Do Community-Level Models Account For The Effects Of Biotic Interactions? A Comparison Of Community-Level And Species Distribution Modeling Of Rocky Mountain Conifers, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry, Shannon Albeke, Daniel B. Tinker
Do Community-Level Models Account For The Effects Of Biotic Interactions? A Comparison Of Community-Level And Species Distribution Modeling Of Rocky Mountain Conifers, Paige E. Copenhaver-Parry, Shannon Albeke, Daniel B. Tinker
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Community-level models (CLMs) aim to improve species distribution modeling (SDM) methods by attempting to explicitly incorporate the influences of interacting species. However, the ability of CLMs to appropriately account for biotic interactions is unclear. We applied CLM and SDM methods to predict the distributions of three dominant conifer tree species in the U.S. Rocky Mountains and compared CLM and SDM predictive accuracy as well as the ability of each approach to accurately reproduce species co-occurrence patterns. We specifically evaluated the performance of two statistical algorithms, MARS and CForest, within both CLM and SDM frameworks. Across all species, differences in SDM …
Flight Mechanics And Control Of Escape Manoeuvres In Hummingbirds. Ii. Aerodynamic Force Production, Flight Control And Performance Limitations, Bo Cheng, Bret W. Tobalske, Donald R. Powers, Tyson L. Hedrick, Yi Wang, Susan M. Wethington, George T.C. Chiu, Xinyan Deng
Flight Mechanics And Control Of Escape Manoeuvres In Hummingbirds. Ii. Aerodynamic Force Production, Flight Control And Performance Limitations, Bo Cheng, Bret W. Tobalske, Donald R. Powers, Tyson L. Hedrick, Yi Wang, Susan M. Wethington, George T.C. Chiu, Xinyan Deng
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
The superior manoeuvrability of hummingbirds emerges from complex interactions of specialized neural and physiological processes with the unique flight dynamics of flapping wings. Escape manoeuvring is an ecologically relevant, natural behaviour of hummingbirds, from which we can gain understanding into the functional limits of vertebrate locomotor capacity. Here, we extend our kinematic analysis of escape manoeuvres from a companion paper to assess two potential limiting factors of the manoeuvring performance of hummingbirds: (1) muscle mechanical power output and (2) delays in the neural sensing and control system. We focused on the magnificent hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens, 7.8 g) and the black-chinned …
Drift And Activity Responses Of Black Flies (Simulium Vittatum) In The Field: Influences Of Tactile And Injury-Released Stimuli From Simulated Predation, Aaron M. Sullivan, Elyse C. Johnson
Drift And Activity Responses Of Black Flies (Simulium Vittatum) In The Field: Influences Of Tactile And Injury-Released Stimuli From Simulated Predation, Aaron M. Sullivan, Elyse C. Johnson
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Prey must manage threat from many types of predators; therefore, selection should favor sensory mechanisms that allow the refinement of defensive behavior. To assess responses to tactile and chemical stimuli related to predation, we observed drift and activity of larval black flies ( Simulium vittatum) to simulated predator contact intended to imitate benthic and drift predators as well as a combination of tactile and injury-released stimuli. In the field, larvae responded to tactile stimuli applied to the head with a higher frequency of curling and posterior abdominal segments with a higher frequency of drifting. Additionally, chemical cues from injured conspecifics …
Multiple Evolutionary Origins Of Ubiquitous Cu2+ And Zn2+ Binding In The S100 Protein Family, Lucas C. Wheeler, Micah T. Donor, James S. Prell, Michael J. Harms
Multiple Evolutionary Origins Of Ubiquitous Cu2+ And Zn2+ Binding In The S100 Protein Family, Lucas C. Wheeler, Micah T. Donor, James S. Prell, Michael J. Harms
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
The S100 proteins are a large family of signaling proteins that play critical roles in biology and disease. Many S100 proteins bind Zn2+, Cu2+, and/or Mn2+ as part of their biological functions; however, the evolutionary origins of binding remain obscure. One key question is whether divalent transition metal binding is ancestral, or instead arose independently on multiple lineages. To tackle this question, we combined phylogenetics with biophysical characterization of modern S100 proteins. We demonstrate an earlier origin for established S100 subfamilies than previously believed, and reveal that transition metal binding is widely distributed across the tree. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, …