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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Identification And Rna Binding Characterization Of Plant Virus Rna Silencing Suppressor Proteins, Jeff Vargason, Carissa J. Burch, Jesse W. Wilson
Identification And Rna Binding Characterization Of Plant Virus Rna Silencing Suppressor Proteins, Jeff Vargason, Carissa J. Burch, Jesse W. Wilson
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Suppression is a common mechanism employed by viruses to evade the antiviral effects of the host’s RNA silencing pathway. The activity of suppression has commonly been localized to gene products in the virus, but the variety of mechanisms used in suppression by these viral proteins spans nearly the complete biochemical pathway of RNA silencing in the host. This review describes the agrofiltration assay and a slightly modified version of the agro-infiltration assay called co-infiltration, which are common methods used to observe RNA silencing and identify viral silencing suppressor proteins in plants, respectively. In addition, this review will provide an overview …
Akap7 Regulates Cam Kinase Activation In Mcf-7 Cells, John M. Schmitt, Hannah M. Mcfarland, Kimberly Dodge-Kafka
Akap7 Regulates Cam Kinase Activation In Mcf-7 Cells, John M. Schmitt, Hannah M. Mcfarland, Kimberly Dodge-Kafka
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Abstract Estrogen (E2) activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM Kinases) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In particular E2 activates a CaM KK, CaM KI, and ERK pathway to promote proliferation. CaM Kinase activation of ERK may be blocked by PKA in certain cell types through direct phosphorylation and inhibition of CaM KK. The ability of PKA to phosphorylate its cellular targets may be dictated by protein kinase A anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Hormones that elevate cAMP and activate PKA may utilize AKAPs to regulate signal transduction. Our goal was to evaluate the role of AKAPs in regulating E2 activation of the CaM …
Estrogen Receptor Α Regulates Erk In Mcf-7 Cells, John M. Schmitt, Angela J. Rofelty
Estrogen Receptor Α Regulates Erk In Mcf-7 Cells, John M. Schmitt, Angela J. Rofelty
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Abstract Estrogen (E2) signaling significantly affects breast tumorigenesis by enhancing cell growth and preventing apoptosis. The actions of estrogen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells are mediated through a kinase pathway involving CaM KK, CaM KI, and ERK. Current research is examining the involvement of the Estrogen Receptor (ER) alpha (α) and beta (β) as well as G-Protein Coupled Receptor GPR30 in cell growth and proliferation. ERα is suggested to be responsible for ERK and perhaps CaM Kinase activation. Our goal was to evaluate if ERα, rather than GPR30 or ERβ, mediates CaM KI and ERK activation upon treatment of MCF-7 …
Cam Kk Mediates Mdm2 Activation In Lncap Cells, John M. Schmitt, Philip Graber
Cam Kk Mediates Mdm2 Activation In Lncap Cells, John M. Schmitt, Philip Graber
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Abstract Agonists and hormones that cause an influx of calcium in LNCaP prostate cancer cells activate the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM Kinase) pathway and AKT phosphorylation. CaM KK and AKT are essential for promoting LNCaP cell survival. AKT phosphorylation of MDM2 protein may negatively regulate the tumor suppressor protein, p53. CaM KK and AKT have yet to be demonstrated as upstream regulators of MDM2 and p53 in LNCaP cells. Our goals were to examine the ability of carbachol and testosterone to stimulate MDM2 phosphorylation, its association with p53, and whether CaM KK is upstream of MDM2. Stimulation of LNCaP cells …
Estrogen Regulation Of Jun And Fos In Mcf-7 Cells, John M. Schmitt, Renee Geck, Jessica N. Magill
Estrogen Regulation Of Jun And Fos In Mcf-7 Cells, John M. Schmitt, Renee Geck, Jessica N. Magill
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Abstract C-Fos and c-Jun are transcription factors that form the dimer Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) and bind DNA to initiate transcription. C-Fos, c-Jun are targets of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) in multiple cell types, including MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The hormone estrogen (E2) can increase intracellular calcium levels which activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaM Kinase) proteins, which control ERK and gene transcription. Our goal was to evaluate the ability of E2 to activate c-Fos and c-Jun and induce their dimerization, via CaM KK and ERK, in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, E2 stimulation of MCF-7 cells triggered phosphorylation of c-Jun and c-Fos …
A Study Of The Sensitivity Of Plethodon Cinereus (Caudata: Plethodontidae) To Damage-Released Cues From Conspecifics, Aaron M. Sullivan, Gregory Jensen
A Study Of The Sensitivity Of Plethodon Cinereus (Caudata: Plethodontidae) To Damage-Released Cues From Conspecifics, Aaron M. Sullivan, Gregory Jensen
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Some prey species vary the intensity of antipredator responses according to the perceived level of threat associated with different concentrations of chemical cues related to predation. Here, we examine whether Red-Backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) respond to different concentrations of damage-released cues from the tails of conspecifics in a threat-sensitive manner. We exposed salamanders either to a control or to damage-released cues from conspecifîcs at one of three different concentrations. We found that salamanders exposed to damage released cues significantly decreased their activity compared to salamanders exposed to a control. However, the intensity of the responses was not related to the …