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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Proopiomelanocortin Physiological Roles: Pituitary Versus Hypathalamic Functions, James L. Smart
Proopiomelanocortin Physiological Roles: Pituitary Versus Hypathalamic Functions, James L. Smart
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
The fact that the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene is a critical component of energy homeostasis and the stress response, two distinct yet not exclusively separate biological functions, distinguishes this gene as very intriguing and unique for st lllldy. The POMC gene encodes a preprohormone that is post-translationally processed into multiple bioactive peptides. The tissue specific regulation and tissue specific post-translational modifications provide a means for the broad spectrum of the gene's biological activities. Understanding the POMC gene's cell-specific regulation and the physiological functions of its encoded peptides has been an ongoing project of multiple labs spanning the last two decades. Initial …
On Temporal Variation And Conflicting Selection Pressures: A Test Of Theory Using Newts, Jason R. Rohr, Dale M. Madison, Aaron M. Sullivan
On Temporal Variation And Conflicting Selection Pressures: A Test Of Theory Using Newts, Jason R. Rohr, Dale M. Madison, Aaron M. Sullivan
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Most studies that examine conflicting selection pressures hold resources and risks constant, despite their ubiquitous fluctuation. Since little is known about the consequences of neglecting this variation, we examined the temporal response of male red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, to conflicting female pheromones and damage-release alarm chemicals signaling predation. After a single exposure in both the laboratory and field, males were attracted to female odor and avoided conspecific alarm chemicals. Response to these combined cues depended on time after exposure, with males initially avoiding, and then being attracted to, the cue combination. This response shift was due to the resource and …
Behavioural Responses By Red-Backed Salamanders To Conspecific And Heterospecific Cues, Aaron M. Sullivan, Dale M. Madison, Jason R. Rohr
Behavioural Responses By Red-Backed Salamanders To Conspecific And Heterospecific Cues, Aaron M. Sullivan, Dale M. Madison, Jason R. Rohr
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Chemical cues released from injured prey are thought to indicate the proximity of a predator or predation event, and therefore, an area of elevated predation risk. Prey often avoid chemical cues released from injured heterospecifics, but there is little evidence to determine whether this is due to homologous cues among phylogenetically related species, or avoidance of injured syntopic species that experience predation from the same predators. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of terrestrial red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) to chemical cues from non-injured and injured members of their prey guild that vary in their relatedness to …
The Anorexigenic Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor, C75, Is A Nonspecific Neuronal Activator, Kanji A. Takahashi, James L. Smart, Hongyan Liu, Roger D. Cone
The Anorexigenic Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor, C75, Is A Nonspecific Neuronal Activator, Kanji A. Takahashi, James L. Smart, Hongyan Liu, Roger D. Cone
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
C75, a recently derived compound that potently suppresses feeding and induces weight loss, has been proposed to act mainly by inhibiting fatty acid synthase (FAS) in central neurons that control feeding. For example, normal, fasting- associated, hypothalamic increases in neuropeptide Y (NPY)/Agouti-related protein (AGRP) expression and decreases in proopiomelanocortin (POMC)/cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) expression were reported to be blocked by C75. Using loose-patch extracellular recording in acute slices, we tested the effect of C75 on anorexigenic POMC neurons and orexigenic NPY neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, which were identified by promoter-driven GFP expression, as well as on …
Are Hummingbirds Facultatively Ammonotelic? Nitrogen Excretion And Requirements As A Function Of Body Size, Todd J. Mcwhorter, Donald R. Powers, Carlos Martinez Del Rio
Are Hummingbirds Facultatively Ammonotelic? Nitrogen Excretion And Requirements As A Function Of Body Size, Todd J. Mcwhorter, Donald R. Powers, Carlos Martinez Del Rio
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Most birds are uricotelic. An exception to this rule may be nectar-feeding birds, which excrete significant amounts of ammonia under certain conditions. Although ammonia is toxic, because it is highly water soluble its excretion may be facilitated in animals that ingest and excrete large amounts of water. Birdpollinated plants secrete carbohydrate- and water-rich floral nectars that contain exceedingly little protein. Thus, nectarfeeding birds are faced with the dual challenge of meeting nitrogen requirements while disposing of large amounts of water. The peculiar diet of nectar-feeding birds suggests two hypotheses: (1) these birds must have low protein requirements, and (2) when …
Effect Of Sequence On The Conformation Of Dna Holliday Junctions, Franklin A. Hays, Jeff Vargason, P. Shing Ho
Effect Of Sequence On The Conformation Of Dna Holliday Junctions, Franklin A. Hays, Jeff Vargason, P. Shing Ho
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Structures of the DNA sequences d(CCGGCGCCGG) and d(CCAGTACbr5UGG) are presented here as four-way Holliday junctions in their compact stacked-X forms, with antiparallel alignment of the DNA strands. Thus, the ACC-trinucleotide motif, previously identified as important for stabilizing the junction, is now extended to PuCPy, where Pu is either an adenine or guanine, and Py is either a cytosine, 5-methylcytosine, or 5-bromouracil but not thymine nucleotide. We see that both sequence and base substituents affect the geometry of the junction in terms of the interduplex angle as well as the previously defined conformational variables, Jroll (the rotation of the stacked duplexes …
Influence Of Normal Daytime Fat Deposition On Laboratory Measurements Of Torpor Use In Territorial Versus Nonterritorial Hummingbirds, Donald R. Powers, A R. Brown, J A. Van Hook
Influence Of Normal Daytime Fat Deposition On Laboratory Measurements Of Torpor Use In Territorial Versus Nonterritorial Hummingbirds, Donald R. Powers, A R. Brown, J A. Van Hook
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Fat deposition and torpor use in hummingbirds exhibiting distinct foraging styles should vary. We predicted that dominant territorial hummingbirds will use torpor less than subordinate nonterritorial species because unrestricted access to energy by territory owners allows for fat storage. Entry into torpor was monitored using open-flow respirometry on hummingbirds allowed to accumulate fat normally during the day. Fat accumulation was measured by solvent fat extraction. Territorial blue-throated hummingbirds (Lampornis clemenciae) had the highest fat accumulation and used torpor only 17% of the time. Fat storage by L. clemenciae averaged 26% of lean dry mass (LDM) in 1995 and 18% in …
Central Serotonin And Melanocortin Pathways Regulating Energy Homeostasis, Lora K. Heisler, Michael A. Cowley, Toshiro Kishi, Laurence H. Tecott, Wei Fan, Malcolm J. Low, James L. Smart, Marcelo Rubinstein, Jeffrey B. Tatro, Jeffrey M. Zigman, Roger D. Cone, Joel K. Elmquist
Central Serotonin And Melanocortin Pathways Regulating Energy Homeostasis, Lora K. Heisler, Michael A. Cowley, Toshiro Kishi, Laurence H. Tecott, Wei Fan, Malcolm J. Low, James L. Smart, Marcelo Rubinstein, Jeffrey B. Tatro, Jeffrey M. Zigman, Roger D. Cone, Joel K. Elmquist
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
It is now established that the hypothalamus is essential in coordinating endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to changes in energy availability. However, the interaction of key peptides, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters systems within the hypothalamus has yet to be delineated. Recently, we investigated the mechanisms through which serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) systems recruit leptin-responsive hypothalamic pathways, such as the melanocortin systems, to affect energy balance. Through a combination of functional neuroanatomy, feeding, and electrophysiology studies in rodents, we found that 5-HT drugs require functional melanocortin pathways to exert their effects on food intake. Specifically, we observed that anorectic 5-HT drugs activate pro-opiomelanocortin …
Lack Of Proopiomelanocortin Peptides Results In Obesity And Defective Adrenal Function But Normal Melanocyte Pigmentation In The Murine C57bl/6 Genetic Background, James L. Smart, Malcolm J. Low
Lack Of Proopiomelanocortin Peptides Results In Obesity And Defective Adrenal Function But Normal Melanocyte Pigmentation In The Murine C57bl/6 Genetic Background, James L. Smart, Malcolm J. Low
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
No abstract provided.
Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin Neurons Are Glucose Responsive And Express Katp Channels, Nurhadi Ibrahim, Martha A. Bosch, James L. Smart, Jian Qiu, Marcelo Rubinstein, Oline K. Rønnekleiv, Malcolm J. Low, Martin J. Kelly
Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin Neurons Are Glucose Responsive And Express Katp Channels, Nurhadi Ibrahim, Martha A. Bosch, James L. Smart, Jian Qiu, Marcelo Rubinstein, Oline K. Rønnekleiv, Malcolm J. Low, Martin J. Kelly
Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science
Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are critical for controlling homeostatic functions in the mammal. We used a transgenic mouse model in which the POMC neurons were labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein to perform visualized, whole-cell patch recordings from prepubertal female hypothalamic slices. The mouse POMC-enhanced green fluorescent protein neurons expressed the same endogenous conductances (a transient outward K current and a hyperpolarization-activated, cation current) that have been described for guinea pig POMC neurons. In addition, the selective -opioid receptor agonist DAMGO induced an outward current (maximum of 12.8 1.2 pA), which reversed at K equilibrium potential (EK), in the majority …