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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Microplastic Accumulation In The Digestive Tract Of Young-Of-Year Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae) In The Grand Strand, Sc, Andrew Curtis Sitlinger
Microplastic Accumulation In The Digestive Tract Of Young-Of-Year Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae) In The Grand Strand, Sc, Andrew Curtis Sitlinger
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study focused on the presence and accumulation of microplastic fibers in the digestive tract and livers of young-of-year Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhizopriondon terraenovae) from two sampling locations along the Grand Strand of South Carolina. R. terraenovae is a small, mesopredatory elasmobranch found abundantly along northwestern Atlantic Ocean coastlines. Thirty specimens of R. terraenovae were collected from May through August of 2020. Microplastics were found in all specimens. A total of 672 plastic particles were identified over the course of the study, with an average of 22.4 ± 10.5 (SD) plastics per specimen. The majority of the plastics were classified …
Fine-Scale Site Selection Of Strand-Feeding Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) And Their Prey, Deborah Kleinclaus
Fine-Scale Site Selection Of Strand-Feeding Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) And Their Prey, Deborah Kleinclaus
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Strand-feeding is a unique, cooperative foraging strategy used by some common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at low tide in South Carolina and Georgia salt marshes, where a group of dolphins charges schools of fish, thrusting them onto the bank with their bow wave and then capturing prey items onshore. Strand-feeding dolphins are estuarine residents and frequent predictable stranding sites, suggesting an intimate knowledge of the area. Dolphin behavior prior to stranding suggests they do not herd the fish before charging, but instead prey on fish already shoaling near the bank. The use of active acoustics from strand-feeders in order to …
Extraction, Analysis, And Comparison Of Microplastics In Sc Marsh Substrates, Austin G. Sige
Extraction, Analysis, And Comparison Of Microplastics In Sc Marsh Substrates, Austin G. Sige
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The global, rapid increase in plastic production is a widespread problem for coastal environments such as marshes that present favorable conditions for plastic retention. This study looked at the microplastic abundance within three previously unstudied South Carolina marshes located in Myrtle Beach, Murrells Inlet, and Waties Island. A comparison between the microplastic types and abundances between locations provided knowledge about the impacts of sediment composition (sand, silt, clay, and organic matter) on microplastic sequestration. This study also produced a novel microplastic extraction methodology for cohesive marsh sediment that used elutriation to effectively break apart aggregates prior to chemical digestion and …
Abundance And Growth Of Juvenile Atlantic Sturgeon In The Edisto River, Sc, Molly Katherine Takacs
Abundance And Growth Of Juvenile Atlantic Sturgeon In The Edisto River, Sc, Molly Katherine Takacs
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Information on abundance and body growth are important for understanding the status and health of populations, and this information can be used to guide and monitor conservation and recovery efforts for species of conservation concern. The Atlantic Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus) is an anadromous fish native to the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. Due to overfishing and habitat degradation, population levels declined, and Atlantic Sturgeon were placed on the Endangered Species list in 2012. Although there is substantial research on adult Atlantic Sturgeon, knowledge about their early life history is lacking. The objective of this study were …
Next-Generation Sequencing Shows Increasing Temperatures Affect Stream Fungal Communities, Regan Hodgson
Next-Generation Sequencing Shows Increasing Temperatures Affect Stream Fungal Communities, Regan Hodgson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Under climate change predictions, surface air temperature is expected to continue to rise and will likely affect functioning of stream ecosystems and microbial communities. Aquatic hyphomycetes are key fungal decomposers of plant litter in headwater streams controlling carbon, energy, and nutrient flows to higher trophic levels. This project addressed the effects of temperature on stream fungal communities in two recently conducted experiments (microcosm and streamside channel studies) using Illumina sequencing. The objectives were to determine (1) if temperature affects community structure of stream fungi based on relative abundances of ITS2 rDNA sequences, (2) if the effects of temperature on aquatic …
Quantifying Population-Level Effects Of Warm-Water Catch-And-Release Mortality On Muskellunge (Esox Masquinongy) In The James River, Virginia, Cory J. Bauerlien
Quantifying Population-Level Effects Of Warm-Water Catch-And-Release Mortality On Muskellunge (Esox Masquinongy) In The James River, Virginia, Cory J. Bauerlien
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Catch-and-release (C&R) has become a popular practice in many fisheries, both as a management strategy and as an angler ethic. The practice has been used to both increase the abundance and size structure of fish populations but relies heavily on the assumption that released fish survive the encounter. The Muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) is a large-bodied, coolwater predatory game fish that is highly prized by many anglers. Many Muskellunge fisheries have transitioned to almost exclusively C&R angling. Muskellunge fisheries have increased in both number and popularity, particularly in southern and mid-Atlantic rivers. However, there is little information on population characteristics for …
Loggerhead Shrike Detectability And Occurrence In Coastal South Carolina Urban Areas, Michelle Krauser
Loggerhead Shrike Detectability And Occurrence In Coastal South Carolina Urban Areas, Michelle Krauser
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Grassland birds, such as the loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), are threatened by extensive land-use change, including urbanization. Loggerhead shrikes have been declining since the early 1900s and are rare or extirpated in portions of their former range. Obtaining reliable population estimates of loggerhead shrikes is important to identify demographic trends and ensure conservation decisions are based on an accurate assessment of their current status. Imperfect detection, or the inability to detect every shrike during a survey, can result in biased population estimates. Estimating detection probability is labor-intensive and requires assumptions that are difficult to satisfy in most field studies. Understanding …
Winter Use Of Winyah Bay, Sc By The Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias), And Their Movements South Of Cape Hatteras, Nc, Meredith L. Langford
Winter Use Of Winyah Bay, Sc By The Spiny Dogfish (Squalus Acanthias), And Their Movements South Of Cape Hatteras, Nc, Meredith L. Langford
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
South of Cape Hatteras, NC, little is known about the coastal distribution and movement of the Spiny Dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Between January 2018 and March 2020 this study conducted winter demersal longline sampling in Winyah Bay, SC to investigate habitat use by Spiny Dogfish. In addition to monitoring Winyah Bay use through catch-and-release, 13 individuals were outfitted with implanted Vemco™ acoustic transmitters to monitor large scale movements along the U.S. East Coast. Across three sampling seasons 84 female Spiny Dogfish were captured within lower Winyah Bay. No males were observed over the course of the study. The mean fork length …
Detecting Potentially Neurotoxic Pseudo-Nitzschia Species In The Grand Strand Area, Chesney Price
Detecting Potentially Neurotoxic Pseudo-Nitzschia Species In The Grand Strand Area, Chesney Price
Honors Theses
Pseudo-nitzschia is a globally distributed diatom genus which contains 26 neurotoxin (domoic-acid) producing species. In shallow coastal waters these diatoms are associated with both the development of harmful algal blooms and the bio-accumulation of toxins in shellfish that can impact human health. Pilot data recovered in 2018 indicated the presence of multiple species of Pseudo-nitzschia, including domoic-acid producing taxa. We hypothesize that we will recover a similar species diversity using multiple sampling dates during the summer of 2021. Environmental DNA (eDNA) samples taken from the public shellfish harvesting area waters at Huntington Beach State Park (SC) over a two month …
Progression Magazine, 2022 Spring, Coastal Carolina University
Progression Magazine, 2022 Spring, Coastal Carolina University
Progression Magazine
Magazine of the College of Science at Coastal Carolina University.
Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review Including Personal Experience From Retirement Home Patients, Sydney Fox
Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review Including Personal Experience From Retirement Home Patients, Sydney Fox
Honors Theses
Alzheimer’s Disease is a neurodegenerative illness and disease, the most common type of dementia, and the sixth leading cause of death (Sá et al., 2012). The disease was discovered in 1906 and named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a psychiatrist and neuropathologist. Over time, a variety of hypotheses have developed regarding the cause behind this multifactorial disease, and these will be disclosed in a later section. Nonetheless, the disease was first observed in changes of the brain tissue of a woman who was said to have die from an unusual mental illness with many abnormal bumps. These bumps are now recognized …
Discovery And Investigation Of Novel Bacteriophage Duncansleg, Kaitlynn Burbage, Edenborough Hibionada Jr., Kirsten Presnell
Discovery And Investigation Of Novel Bacteriophage Duncansleg, Kaitlynn Burbage, Edenborough Hibionada Jr., Kirsten Presnell
Undergraduate Research Competition
The Science Education Alliance-Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Sciences (SEA-PHAGES) program was formed to conduct research on bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria. Using the bacterial host Mycobacterium smegmatis, DuncansLeg was isolated from a soil sample found on August 27th, 2021, at Coastal Carolina University's Campus. The enriched isolate obtained from an environmental distillate was purified via picking a well-isolated plaque and amplified by making webbed plates in preparation for DNA extraction. This isolate's DNA was characterized and analyzed through restriction digests. Once we obtained enough lysate we were able to send in the samples to be sequenced and further …
Association Of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Assessed Muscle Oxidative Capacity Between Collegiate Cross-Country Athletes And College Students, James Brown, Riley Melton
Association Of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Assessed Muscle Oxidative Capacity Between Collegiate Cross-Country Athletes And College Students, James Brown, Riley Melton
Undergraduate Research Competition
Muscle oxidative capacity (MOC) is the maximum rate at which the muscle can utilize oxygen to meet the energy demand of exercise. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurement of muscle oxygen uptake (mVO2) during brief arterial occlusions has shown to be a valid, reliable indicator of MOC, but is affected by aerobic fitness. It is unclear if the NIRS measurement can detect a difference in MOC in populations of varying aerobic fitness. The purpose is to compare MOC between collegiate cross-country runners and age-matched college students. Maximal oxygen uptake will be measured from an individualized treadmill test to characterize aerobic fitness. MOC …
Cloning And Overexpression Of Phayonce Genes To Assess Cytotoxicity In Mycobacterium Smegmatis, Abbey Montoya, Olivia Sundman
Cloning And Overexpression Of Phayonce Genes To Assess Cytotoxicity In Mycobacterium Smegmatis, Abbey Montoya, Olivia Sundman
Undergraduate Research Competition
Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, posses the potential to be utilized for therapeutic purposes. Despite being the most abundant biological entity, the biological function of many phage genes has not been established. Our lab is analyzing each gene of the phage Phayonce, which infects Mycobacterium smegmatis. First, individual genes are inserted into an inducible expression vector. Then, these plasmids were used to transform M. smegmatis and determine if individual genes have toxic effects on host cells. Because functions of gene number 35 and 52 of Phayonce cannot be inferred by sequence comparison, they were selected for analysis. These genes were …
Cloning And Overexpression Of Phayonce Genes 12 And 77 In M. Smegmatis, Amber Wilson
Cloning And Overexpression Of Phayonce Genes 12 And 77 In M. Smegmatis, Amber Wilson
Undergraduate Research Competition
Bacteriophage or phage are a diverse class of viruses that infect and reproduce in bacterial cells. Their diverse genomes represent an immense source of novel protein functions and a deeper understanding of phage genes will contribute to emerging treatments for antibiotic resistant bacterial infections. The goal of the research described here is to isolate and study individual genes from the bacteriophage Phayonce. Gene specific primers were used to PCR amplify Phayonce genes 12 and 77 (Phayonce 12 and Phayonce 77). The PCR products were then ligated into a plasmid vector by isothermal assembly. Following confirmation of the cloned gene by …
Combining Physical And Mental Practices Of A Dart-Throwing Task Enhances Motor Learning And Impacts Psychological Skills, Joy Carlson, Hannah Walker, Mackenzie Manning, Hannah Dresner
Combining Physical And Mental Practices Of A Dart-Throwing Task Enhances Motor Learning And Impacts Psychological Skills, Joy Carlson, Hannah Walker, Mackenzie Manning, Hannah Dresner
Undergraduate Research Competition
Determining practical ways to improve motor skill learning is crucial to enhancing behavior. Combining Visualization technique with dart throwing practice could impact positively skill learning. This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of dart-throwing skill practice and visualization would enhance motor learning. Fifty-three participants were divided in two groups ([1] visualization + dart; [2] dart group). Groups performed pretest of 10 trials, followed by 60 practice trials (6 blocks of 10 throws) with 1-minute break between blocks. Importantly, the Visualization + dart group practiced visualization during the 1-min breaks between blocks, while the Dart group read a nutrition paper …
Bioinformatic Investigation Into Mycobacterium Phage Duncansleg, Connor Hadwin, Michael Moore
Bioinformatic Investigation Into Mycobacterium Phage Duncansleg, Connor Hadwin, Michael Moore
Undergraduate Research Competition
Bacteriophage research is increasingly important to perform as antibacterial resistance becomes more common. The novel phage DuncansLeg was isolated and sequenced by students in the HHMI SEA-PHAGES Phage Discovery course in the fall of 2021 at Coastal Carolina University's campus. The DNA sequence of DuncansLeg (75,593 base pairs) was subjected to bioinformatic auto-annotation, which placed the phage into subcluster L3. The scope of this investigation goes beyond lab work and discovery, instead focusing on applying multiple bioinformatic approaches to refine the genomic auto-annotation and assign potential gene functions where possible. To this end, the bioinformatic programs used to identify coding …
Detecting Potential Neurotoxic Pseudo-Nitzchia Species In The Grand Strand, Chesney Price, Sean Ferrano
Detecting Potential Neurotoxic Pseudo-Nitzchia Species In The Grand Strand, Chesney Price, Sean Ferrano
Undergraduate Research Competition
Pseudo-nitzschia is a globally distributed diatom genus which contains 26 neurotoxin (domoic-acid) producing species. In shallow coastal waters these diatoms are associated with both the development of harmful algal blooms and the bioaccumulation of toxins in shellfish that can impact human health. Environmental DNA (eDNA) samples drawn from the public shellfish harvesting area at Huntington Beach State Park (SC) during the summer of 2021 were PCR- screened for Pseudo-nitzschia species using genus specific primers. The sequences of the recovered amplicons are used to molecularly characterize the species of Pseudo-nitzschia present and their potential to produce domoic acid.
Molecular Cloning Of Genes From The Bacteriophage, Phayonce, Kelly Walsh
Molecular Cloning Of Genes From The Bacteriophage, Phayonce, Kelly Walsh
Undergraduate Research Competition
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect bacteria, and have one of the most vast and diverse global populations of all biological entities. Despite this immense population size, the roles, and functions of individual phage genes within their genome, are widely unknown. The first, and one of the most important steps, toward elucidating the function of a phage gene, is molecular cloning. Because gene expression is easily influenced by other genes, it is essential to isolate and clone each individual gene into a plasmid expression vector. Once a single gene insert is cloned into a plasmid, we can introduce the …