Life Sciences Commons^™

Limonene Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect On Lps-Induced Jejunal Injury In Mice By Inhibiting Nf-Κb/Ap-1 Pathway, Sarmed H. Kathem, Yasameen Sh. Nasrawi, Shihab H. Mutlag, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The human gastrointestinal system is a complex ecosystem crucial for well-being. During sepsis-induced gut injury, the integrity of the intestinal barrier can be compromised. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria, disrupts the intestinal barrier, contributing to inflammation and various dysfunctions. The current study explores the protective effects of limonene, a natural compound with diverse biological properties, against LPS-induced jejunal injury in mice. Oral administration of limonene at dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg was used in the LPS mouse model. The Murine Sepsis Score (MSS) was utilized to evaluate the severity of sepsis, while serum levels of urea and …

Expression Patterns Of M6a Rna Methylation Regulators Under Apoptotic Conditions In Various Human Cancer Cell Lines, Azime Akçaöz Alasar, Buket Sağlam, İpek Erdoğan Vatansever, Bünyamin Akgül

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Cancer is a complex disease that involves both genetic and epigenetic factors. While emerging evidence clearly suggests that changes in epitranscriptomics play a crucial role in cancer pathogenesis, a comprehensive understanding of the writers, erasers, and readers of epitranscriptomic processes, particularly under apoptotic conditions remains lacking. The aim of this study was to uncover the changes in the expression of m6A RNA modifiers under apoptotic conditions across various cancer cell lines. Materials and methods: Initially, we quantified the abundance of m6A RNA modifiers in cervix (HeLa and ME180), breast (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231), lung (A549 and H1299), and colon (CaCo2 …

Potential Use Of The Gel Extract Of Butterfly Pea Flower As Topical Therapy To Prevent Photodamage By Downregulating Tnf-Α And Caspase-3 Expression Levels In Uvb-Exposed Rats, Elvana Cahyani, Agung Putra, Prasetyowati Subchan

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Prolonged exposure to UVB radiation causes DNA damage in skin cells by raising the levels of reactive oxygen species, resulting in the production of inflammatory factors and skin issues. Plant extracts are frequently used to counteract photodamage due to their antioxidant properties. One example is the floral extract of the butterfly pea plant, which contains flavonoid antioxidants. However, the effect of the extract on inflammatory factors is unknown. This study investigated how tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3 expression changed when a butterfly pea flower extract gel was applied topically to UVB-exposed animals.

Methods: Experimental and control …

The Effects Of Water With Anti-Inflammatory Capabilities (Wac) On Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers At Rest And Following Resistance Exercise, Brittany Martin

Health, Human Performance and Recreation Undergraduate Honors Theses

Purpose: To determine the effects of waters with anti-inflammatory capabilities (WAC) influence circulating inflammatory biomarkers at rest and following resistance exercise. Methods: Participants completed a heavy lifting protocol and drank water with anti-inflammatory capabilities for a total of six weeks. Blood samples were taken at different at 9 different time intervals to assess concentrations of anti-inflammatory markers and to quantify inflammatory biomarkers. Those time intervals included pre-AHREP 1 and post-AHREP 1, 24-hr post-AHREP 1, 48-hr post-AHREP 1, 3-week check-up, pre-AHREP 2, post-AHREP 2, 24-hr post-AHREP 2, and 48-hr post-AHREP 2. Background: The biomarkers that were focused on were: IL-6 …

Positive Regulation Of Tnfr1 Signaling Via Sh3 Recognition Motif, Fatma Ece Çopuroğlu, Fatma Zehra Hapi̇l Zevkli̇ler, Şükran Burçak Yoldaş, Osman Ni̇dai̇ Özeş

Turkish Journal of Biology

TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine and shows its biological function by binding to its receptors called TNFR1 and TNFR2. While TNFR1 induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-8 via the "death domain", it also activates IKKα/β, MKK3/6, MKK4/7 by activation of TAK1. Although the TNFR1 signaling pathway is known by in large, it is not known how AKT and MAPKs p38, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2 are activated. The presence of a proline-rich PPAP region, (P448PAP451, a binding site for the SH3 domain-containing proteins) very close to the C-terminus promoted us to determine whether this region has any role in the TNFR1 signal …

The Role Of Regulator Of G Protein Signaling 2 In Inflammatory Cytokine Release In Endotoxemia In Mice, Xin Tong Ma

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

In sepsis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates toll-like receptor 4 to stimulate the release of inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α), leading to cardiac dysfunction. Regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) limits G protein-coupled receptor signaling by increasing the rate of G protein deactivation or inhibiting G protein-effector interactions. We hypothesized that RGS2 deficiency would enhance proinflammatory responses in endotoxemia. Adult wild-type and RGS2^-/- C57BL/6 mice and neonatal cardiomyocytes were treated with LPS and assessed for inflammatory responses and cardiac function. Myocardial TNF-α expression was higher in RGS2^-/- mice during endotoxemia. Additionally, cardiac function was impaired in …

Vesicular And Uncoated Rab1-Dependent Cargo Carriers Facilitate Er To Golgi Transport, Laura M. Westrate, Melissa J. Hoyer, Michael J. Nash, Gia K. Voeltz

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Secretory cargo is recognized, concentrated and trafficked from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERES) to the Golgi. Cargo export from the ER begins when a series of highly conserved COPII coat proteins accumulate at the ER and regulate the formation of cargo-loaded COPII vesicles. In animal cells, capturing live de novo cargo trafficking past this point is challenging; it has been difficult to discriminate whether cargo is trafficked to the Golgi in a COPII-coated vesicle. Here, we describe a recently developed live-cell cargo export system that can be synchronously released from ERES to illustrate de novo trafficking in animal cells. …

Tumor Necrosis Factor Α Inhibition For Alzheimer's Disease, Rudy Chang, Kei-Lwun Yee, Rachita K. Sumbria

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Food and Drug Administration–approved biologic TNF-α inhibitors are thus a potential treatment for AD, but they do not cross the blood-brain barrier. In this short review, we discuss the involvement of TNF-α in AD, challenges associated with the development of existing biologic TNF-α inhibitors for AD, and potential therapeutic strategies for targeting TNF-α for AD therapy.

A Review Of The Signal Transduction Pathways Involved In Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Induced In Breast Cancer Metastasis And Their Cross-Talks, Kasey Cervantes '17

Independent Study

Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a biological process utilized by epithelial cells to transform into motile mesenchymal cells, initiating metastasis in cancer. EMT is also utilized during development and wound healing [10]. This process allows for cancerous cells to detach themselves from their primary tumor and invade normal tissue in preferred organ sites, forming secondary tumors called metastases. Metastasis is very important in the progression of cancer in patients as it the process responsible for the mortality of patients through the collection of metastases that effect vital organs like the brain, lung, or immune system. The most common metastases for malignant …

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Induced Caspase-3 Activation-Related Inos Gene Expression In Adp-Activated Platelets, Özge Çevi̇k, Zelal Adigüzel, Ahmet Tarik Baykal, Azi̇ze Şener

Turkish Journal of Biology

Platelets are sensitive cells and are easily activated by different stimulants in the circulation system. It is known that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays a role in inflammation. The role of TNF-α in the apoptotic process in blood platelets is unknown. In order to study the formation of apoptosis in platelets after incubation with TNF-α and/or ADP, several biomarkers were chosen: phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and P-selectin binding; cGMP, Cyt-c, and Ca2+ levels and NOS activation; and gene and protein expression of caspase-3 and iNOS. Platelets were incubated with 100 pg/mL TNF-α and/or 50 mM iNOS …

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Biological Activity Of A Potential Immunomodulatory Zwitterionic Polysaccharide, Vikram Basava

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The gram-negative anaerobic bacterium Bacteroides fragilis is an integral component of the normal gastrointestinal flora. The bacterium colonizes the intestinal tract of human beings as it has no reservoir other than mammals. An unprecedented proportion of the genomic DNA of B. fragilus is involved in the production of capsular polysaccharides. These capsular polysaccharides are important virulence factors in most extracellular bacterial pathogens. Eight of these polysaccharides have been identified thus far, out of which two were found to be zwitterionic polymers, PSA1 and PSA2. PSA1 was found to stimulate T-cell lineage of the immune system because of the dual charge …

In Vitro Evaluation Of Biofield Treatment On Cancer Biomarkers Involved In Endometrial And Prostate Cancer Cell Lines, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Shrikant Patil, Harish Shettigar, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

Acute Sleep Fragmentation Induces Tissue-Specific Changes In Cytokine Gene Expression And Increases Serum Corticosterone Concentration, Jennifer Dumaine

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Sleep fragmentation induces acute inflammation and increases glucocorticosteroids in vertebrates. Obesity and sleep fragmentation are often concurrent pro-inflammatory conditions in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Despite the association between the two, their simultaneous effects on immune and endocrine profiles have not been explored. In the first experiment, we investigated changes in proinflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β1) cytokine gene expression in the periphery (liver, spleen, fat, and heart) and brain (hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus) in mice exposed to various intervals of sleep fragmentation. Serum corticosterone concentration was also assessed. Sleep was disrupted in male C57BL/6J mice using an automated …

Exercise Ameliorates High Fat Diet Induced Cardiac Dysfunction By Increasing Interleukin 10., Varun Kesherwani, Vishalakshi Chavali, Bryan T. Hackfort, Suresh C. Tyagi, Paras K. Mishra

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

Increasing evidence suggests that a sedentary lifestyle and a high fat diet (HFD) leads to cardiomyopathy. Moderate exercise ameliorates cardiac dysfunction, however underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Increased inflammation due to induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and attenuation of anti-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin 10 (IL-10) contributes to cardiac dysfunction in obese and diabetics. We hypothesized that exercise training ameliorates HFD- induced cardiac dysfunction by mitigating obesity and inflammation through upregulation of IL-10 and downregulation of TNF-α. To test this hypothesis, 8 week old, female C57BL/6J mice were fed with HFD and exercised (swimming …

The Role Of Tnf-Receptor Family Members And Other Traf-Dependent Receptors In Bone Resorption, Ellen M. Gravallese, Deborah L. Galson, Steven R. Goldring, Philip E. Auron

Ellen M. Gravallese

The contribution of osteoclasts to the process of bone loss in inflammatory arthritis has recently been demonstrated. Studies in osteoclast biology have led to the identification of factors responsible for the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, the most important of which is the receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand/osteoclast differentiation factor (RANKL/ODF), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like protein. The RANKL/ODF receptor, receptor activator of NF-kappa B (RANK), is a TNF-receptor family member present on both osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts. Like other TNF-family receptors and the IL-1 receptor, RANK mediates its signal transduction via TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) proteins, suggesting …

Deficiency Of Ace2 In Bone-Marrow-Derived Cells Increases Expression Of Tnf-Α In Adipose Stromal Cells And Augments Glucose Intolerance In Obese C57bl/6 Mice, Sean E. Thatcher, Manisha Gupte, Nicholas Hatch, Lisa A. Cassis

Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Deficiency of ACE2 in macrophages has been suggested to promote the development of an inflammatory M1 macrophage phenotype. We evaluated effects of ACE2 deficiency in bone-marrow-derived stem cells on adipose inflammation and glucose tolerance in C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat (HF) diet. ACE2 activity was increased in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from visceral, but not subcutaneous adipose tissue of HF-fed mice. Deficiency of ACE2 in bone marrow cells significantly increased mRNA abundance of F4/80 and TNF-α in the SVF isolated from visceral adipose tissue of HF-fed chimeric mice, supporting increased presence of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue. …

Expression And Regulation Of Human Cytochrome P450 4f Isoforms In Tissue Samples And Under Tnf-Alpha Challenges, Jordan C. Bell

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

CYP4F (Cytochrome P4504F) enzymes metabolize endogenous molecules including leukotrienes, prostaglandins and arachidonic acid. The involvement of these endogenous compounds in inflammation has led to the hypothesis that changes in the inflamed tissue environment may affect the expression of CYP4Fs during the pro-inflammatory state, which in turn may modulate inflammatory conditions during the anti-inflammatory state. We demonstrated that inflamed tissues have different levels of CYP4F isoform expression profiles in a number of human samples when compared to the average population. The CYP4F isoform expression levels change with the degree of inflammation present in tissue. Further investigation in cell culture studies revealed …